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The evolution of lower extremity reconstruction

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 182-195页

作者： Brogan G.A.Evans david l.Colen Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of SurgeryYale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510USA

Reconstruction of the lower extremity is a complex task that has evolved greatly in both technique and indication over the past *** advances in treating traumatic lower extremity injuries focused on primary amputation to avoid the high mortality of *** introduction of antibiotics improved surgical debridement and local reconstructive options,enhancing the viability of lower extremities with simple and proximal *** the advent of microvascular surgery,free tissue transfer techniques provided a means to reconstruct more distal and complex *** these surgical techniques have continued to evolve,so too have indications for reconstruction,patient management and post-operative care-now with a greater emphasis on patient quality of life and limb *** purpose of this article is to outline the evolution of lower extremity reconstruction,and how the standard of practice has changed over time.

关键词： lower extremity lower extremity reconstruction limb salvage free flap perforator flap vascularized bone flap orthoplastic surgery

Rationally designed synthesis of bright AgInS2/ZnS quantum dots with emission control

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Nano Research 2020年第9期13卷 2438-2450页

作者： Jose X.Soares K.david Wegner david S.M.Ribeiro Armindo Melo Ines Hausler Joao l.M.Santos Ute Resch-Genger lAQV-REQUIMTE Department of Chemical SciencesLaboratory of Applied ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of PortoRua de Jorge Viterboferreira228Porto4050-313Portugal Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing(BAM) Division BiophotonicsRichard-Willstaetter-Strasse 1112489 BerlinGermany lAQV-REQUIMTE Laboratorio de Bromatologia e HidrologiaDepartamento de Ciencias QutmicasFaculdade de Farmacia da Universidade do PortoRua de Jorge Viterboferreira228Porto4050-313Portugal Technische Universitat Berlin Institutfiir Optik und Atomare PhysikStrafie des 17.Juni 13510623 BerlinGermany

In the blossoming field of Cd-free semiconductor quantum dots(QDs),ternary Ⅰ-Ⅲ-VI QDs have received increasing attention due to the ease of the environmentally friendly synthesis of high-quality materials in water,their high photoluminescence(Pl)quantum yields(QYs)in the red and near infrared(NIR)region,and their inherently low ***,their oxygen-insensitive long Pl lifetimes of up to several hundreds of nanoseconds close a gap for applications exploiting the compound-specific parameter Pl *** overcome the lack of reproducible synthetic methodologies and to enable a design-based control of their Pl properties,we assessed and modelled the synthesis of high-quality MPA-capped AglnS2/ZnS(AlS/ZnS)*** refined parameters included reaction time,temperature,Ag:In ratio,S:In ratio,Zn:In ratio,MPA:ln ratio,and pH using a design-of-experiment *** for the optimization was provided by mathematical models developed for the application-relevant Pl parameters,maximum Pl wavelength,QY,and Pl lifetime as well as the elemental composition in terms of Ag:ln:Zn *** these experimental data-based models,MPA:ln and Ag:ln ratios and pH values were identified as the most important synthesis parameters for Pl control and an insight into the connection of these parameters could be ***,the experimental conditions to synthetize QDs with tunable emission and high QY were *** excellent agreement between the predicted and experimentally found Pl features confirmed the reliability of our methodology for the rational design of high quality AlS/ZnS QDs with defined Pl *** approach can be straightforwardly extended to other ternary and quaternary QDs and to doped QDs.

关键词： quantum dot core/shell nanoparticle silver indium sulfide microw ave-assisted synthesis design of experim ent photoluminescence

Developmental rate： A unifying mechanism for sympatric divergence in postglacial fishes？

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 21-34页

作者： Mcphee, Megan V. Noakes, david l. G. Allendorf, Fred W. Fisheries Division University of Alaska Fairbanks Juneau Alaska 99801 USA Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Oregon Hatchery Research Center Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon 97331-3803 USA Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 USA

Morphologically divergent ecotypes arise in fish populations on postglacial time scales, and resource polymorphisms are often invoked to explain their origin. However, genetic recombination can constrain the ability of divergent selection to pro- duce reproductive isolation in sympatry. Recombination breaks up favorable combinations of traits （＂adaptive suites＂） if indivi- dual traits are affected by different loci. Recombination also breaks up any association between traits under divergent selection and traits contributing to reproductive isolation. Thus, ecological speciation in the absence of preexisting barriers to gene flow is more likely when pleiotropy minimizes the number of loci involved. Here, we revisit research conducted by Carl Hubbs in the early 1900s on the effects of developmental rate on morphological traits in fishes. Hubbs＇ work provides a mechanism to explain how sympatric divergence by trophic polymorphism can occur despite the challenges of recombination. We consider the implica- tions of Hubbs＇ observations for ecological speciation with gene flow in fishes, as well as rapid evolution in captive fish popula- tions [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 21-34, 2012].

关键词： Pleiotropy Resource polymorphism Selection-recombination antagonism

Assessing feeding competition between lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis and round whitefish Prosopium cylindraceum

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 109-117页

作者： Andrew MACPHERSON John A.HOlMES Andrew M.MUIR david l.G.NOAKES Axelrod Institute of Ichthyology and Department of Zoology University of Guelph Faculty of Architecture Landscape and Design University of Toronto Pacific Biological Station Fisheries and Oceans Canada Golder Associates Fisheries and Wildlife Department and Oregon Hatchery Research Center Oregon State University

We collected lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis and round whitefish Prosopium cylindraceum from the main basin of lake Huron and Georgian Bay in the laurentian Great lakes of North America to investigate details of diet and feeding tactics of these species in different seasons. lake whitefish supports important commercial fisheries in lake Huron and both species make use of habitats near the Bruce Nuclear Power Development, on the eastern shore of lake Huron. Most fish of both species showed generalist feeding behavior, but some lake whitefish appeared to show specialist prey selection. The invasive spiny water flea Bythotrephes longimanus was an important component of the diet of both species. There was considerable dietary overlap between the whitefish species, but the ecological implications of these dietary overlaps are mitigated by the fact that dominant prey species differed in most seasons. We conclude that the potential for ecologically significant interactions between lake whitefish and round whitefish resulting from competition for similar benthic food resources in the main basin of lake Huron is probably low [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 109-117, 2010].

关键词： lake Huron Diet Feeding tactics Seasonal variation Invasive species

Can VMD improve the estimate of the muon g-2?

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Chinese Physics C 2010年第6期34卷 698-704页

作者： M.Benayoun l.Del Buono B.P.david O.leitner lPNHE des Universits Paris VI et VII

We show that a VMD based theoretical input allows for a significantly improved accuracy for the hadronic vacuum polarization of the photon which contributes to the theoretical estimate of the muon g-2. We also show that the only experimental piece of information in the τ decay which cannot be accounted for within this VMD framework is the accepted value for Br（τ→ππvτ）, while the T spectum lineshape is in agreement with expectations from e^＋e^- annihilations.

关键词： VMD isospin symmetry breaking g-2

Soybean aphid intrabiotype variability based on colonization of specific soybean genotypes

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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 785-792页

作者： Michelle Pawlowski Curtis B. Hill david J. Voegtlin Glen l. Hartman Department of Crop Sciences National Soybean Research Center University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA Center for EconomicEntomology Illinois Natural History Survey University of Illinois Champaign Illinois USA USDA Agricultural Research Service National Soybean Research Center University of Illinois Urbana Illinois USA

The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura （Hemiptera： Aphididae）, is one of the most destructive insect pests on soybeans in the United States. One method for managing this pest is through host plant resistance. Since its arrival in 2000, 4 aphid biotypes have been identified that are able to overcome soybean aphid resistance （Rag） genes. A soybean aphid isolate collected from Moline, Illinois readily colonized soybean plants with the soybean aphid resistance gene Rag2, unlike biotypes 1 and 2, but similar to soybean aphid biotype 3. Two no-choice experiments compared the virulence of the Moline isolate with biotype 3. In both experiments, differences in aphid population counts were not significant （P 〉 0.05） on soybean genotypes lD08-12957a （Rag2） and lD11-5413a （Rag2）, but the aphid counts for the Moline isolate were significantly （P 〈 0.05） lower than the aphid counts for the biotype 3 isolate on the soybean genotypes Dowling （Rag1）, lD05-16611 （Rag1）, lD11-4576a （Rag1）, and P1567598B （raglb and rag3）. The Moline isolate was a variant of aphid biotype 3, which is the first report showing that soybean aphid isolates classified as the same biotype, based on virulence against specific Rag genes, can differ in aggressiveness or ability to colonize specific host genotypes.

关键词： Aphis glycines biotype biotype variant soybean soybean aphid resistance

Hepatocytes isolated from neoplastic liver-immunomagnetic purging as a new source for transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第32期14卷 5025-5031页

作者： Aravin Gunasegaram Javed Akhter Peng Yao loreena A Johnson Stephen M Riodan david l Morris University of New South Wales Department of Surgery St George Hospital Sydney 2044 Australia Gastrointestinal and liver Unit Prince of Wales Hospital University of New South Wales Sydney 2044 Australia

AIM： To investigate whether hepatocytes isolated from macroscopically normal liver during hepatic resection for neoplasia could provide a novel source of healthy hepatocytes, including the development of reliable protocols for malignant cells removal from the hepatocyte preparation. METHODS： Hepatocytes were procured from resected liver of 18 patients with liver tumors using optimised digestion and cell-enrichment protocols. Suspensions of various known quantities of the HT-29 tumor cell line and patient hepatocytes were treated or not with Ep-CAM-antibody-coated immunomagnetic beads in order to investigate the efficacy of tumor-purging by immunomagnetic depletion, using a semi-quantitative RT-PCR method developed to detect tumor cells. Immunomagnetic bead-treated or bead-untreated tumor cell-hepatocyte suspensions were transplanted intra-peritoneally in Balb/C nude mice to assess the rates of tumor development. RESUlTS： Mean viable hepatocyte yield was 9.3×10^6 cells per gram of digested liver with mean viability of 70.5%. Immunomagnetic depletion removed tumor cells to below the RT-PCR detection-threshold of 1 tumor cell in 10^6 hepatocytes, representing a maximum tumor purging efficacy of greater than 400000-fold. Transplanted, immunomagnetic bead-purged tumor cell-hepatocyte suspensions did not form peritoneal tumors in Balb/C nude mice. Co-transplantation of hepatocytes with tumor cells did not increase tumorigenesis of the tumor cells. CONClUSION： Immunomagnetic depletion appears to be an effective method of purging contaminating tumor cells to below threshold for likely tumorigenesis. Along with improved techniques for isolation of large numbers of viable hepatocytes, normal liver resected for neoplasia has potential as another clinically useful source of hepatocytes for transplantation.

关键词： Hepatocyte transplantation Immuno-magnetic purging Isolation of hepatocytes

A New Species of Phoenicopsis Subgenus Windwardia(Florin) Samylina(Czekanowskiales) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第1期89卷 55-69页

作者： SUN Chunlin NA Yuling david l.DIlCHER WANG Hongshan lI Tao lI Yunfeng Key laboratory for Evolution of Past life and Environment in Northeast Asia Ministry of Education Research Center of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy Jilin University Departments of Geology and Biology Indiana University Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida

A new species of Phoenicopsis subgenus Windwardia （Florin） Samylina, Phoenicopsis neimengguensis ***., is recognized from the Middle Jurassic Zhaogou Formation in the Shiguai Basin, a Jurassic coal-bearing sedimentary basin in Inner Mongolia, China. linear leaves are in bundles of six to eight and are attached on a short shoot. The leaf is amphistomatic with one or two irregular rows of longitudinally oriented stomata in each intercostal zone on the upper epidermis and three or four （occasionally six） rows of stomata in each intercostal zone on the lower epidermis. Each stomata is surrounded by four to six subsidiary cells with unevenly developed papillae. The anticlinal walls of epidermal cells are straight. Cuticular thickenings or papillae are present on the outer surface of the periclinal walls. This is the first time that Phoenicopsis subgenus Windwardia （Florin） Samylina is recognized from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. The occurrence of the new species is noteworthy because it extends the geological and geographic distribution of Phoenicopsis subg. Windwardia in China and Eurasia. The discovery is significant as it increases our knowledge of Phoenicopsis subg. Windwardia by providing new data on morphological and epidermal features.

关键词： Phoenicopsis subg. Windwardia Czekanowskiales Zhaogou Formation Middle Jurassic,Inner Mongolia China

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1a restricts the anabolic actions of parathyroid hormone

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Bone Research 2014年第1期2卷 33-42页

作者： Julie l Frey david P Stonko Marie-Claude Faugere Ryan C Riddle Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Division of Nephrology Bone & Mineral Metabolism University of Kentucky Veterans Administration Medical Center

The hypoxia inducible factors （Hifs） are evolutionarily conserved transcriptional factors that control homeostatic responses to low oxygen. In developing bone, Hif-1 generated signals induce angiogenesis necessary for osteoblast specification, but in mature bone, loss of Hif-1 in osteoblasts resulted in a more rapid accumulation of bone. These findings suggested that Hif-1 exerts distinct developmental functions and acts as a negative regulator of bone formation. To investigate the function of Hif-1a in osteoanabolic signaling, we assessed the effect of Hif-1a loss-of-function on bone formation in response to intermittent parathyroid hormone （PTH）. Mice lacking Hif-1a in osteoblasts and osteocytes form more bone in response to PTH, likely through a larger increase in osteoblast activity and increased sensitivity to the hormone. Consistent with this effect, exposure of primary mouse osteoblasts to PTH resulted in the rapid induction of Hif-1a protein levels via a post-transcriptional mechanism. The enhanced anabolic response appears to result from the removal of Hif-1a-mediated suppression of β-catenin transcriptional activity. Together, these data indicate that Hif-1a functions in the mature skeleton to restrict osteoanabolic signaling. The availability of pharmacological agents that reduce Hif-1a function suggests the value in further exploration of this pathway to optimize the therapeutic benefits of PTH.

关键词： PTH Hypoxia-inducible factor-1a restricts the anabolic actions of parathyroid hormone Figure