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Acta Geochimica 2006年第S1期 137-138页

作者： Akihito Kuno Talib Abdulameer Mahdi david j. evans Masaaki Miyahara Yoshio Takahashi Motoyuki Matsuo Hiroshi Shimizu Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8902 Japan GRC School of Engineering Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 0YH United Kingdom Department of Biological Chemistry John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7UH United Kingdom Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan

Mssbauer and XRD characterization of contaminated sediments by coal mining drainage in Neath Canal, South Wales, UK

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Chinese j.urnal Of Geochemistry 2006年第B8期25卷 137-138页

作者： Guodong ZHENG Akihito Kuno Talib Abdulameer Mahdi david j. evans Masaaki Miyahara Yoshio Takahashi Motoyuki Matsuo Hiroshi Shimizu Lanzhou Center for Oil ＆ Gas Resources Institute of Geology ＆ Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan GRC School of Engineering Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 0YH United Kingdom Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo 3-8-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8902 Japan Department of Biological Chemistry John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park. Norwich NR4 7UH United Kingdom

Flow of Steel in Mold Region During Continuous Casting

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j.urnal of Iron and Steel Research International 2007年第2期14卷 30-35,41页

作者： ZHANG Xing-guo ZHANG Wen-xiao j.N j.n-ze j. W. evans Research Center of Foundry Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 Liaoning China Department of Material Science and Engineering University of California at Berkeley Berkeley CA94720 USA

The particle image velocimetry （PIV） technique was used to study the fluid flow phenomena that occurred during continuous casting, using a water model with dimensions of 1 840mm× 280 mm. Two types of solidified shells, i. e. , the smooth type and the coarse type, were used to characterize the dendrite in order to simulate different liquid-solid interfacial conditions. The influence of the nozzle angle and the immersion depth of nozzle, as well as the casting speed on the flow behavior was investigated quantitatively. The results were as follows：（1） There are two large recirculations above and below the fluid j.t in the mold, respectively, under the smooth interface condition. However, in the case of the dendrite solidified shell, it was found that the flow velocity of the fluid decreased and more smaller vortices appeared in the upper region of the mold. （2） The angle and the immersion depth of nozzle are two important factors affecting the flow pattern, and they are also capable of bringing about the change in the flow direction. （3） The higher the casting speed, the higher are the j.t stream and the impacting point on the narrow face. However, the high casting speed causes serious fluctuation of the meniscus, and correspondingly leads to various defects.

关键词： particle image velocimetry continuous casting steel fluid flow

A Microwave-Irradiated StreptococcusagalactiaeVaccine Provides Partial Protection against Experimental Challenge in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromisniloticus

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World j.urnal of Vaccines 2014年第4期4卷 184-189页

作者： david j. Pasnik j.yce j. evans Phillip H. Klesius Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service USA Warm Water Aquaculture Research Unit United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Stoneville USA

Microwave irradiation, as opposed to formalin exposure, has not routinely been used in the preparation of killed vaccines despite the advantages of decreased chemical toxicity, ability to kill cells quickly, ease of completion requiring only a standard microwave, and potential increased protein conservation during irradiation. We evaluated the potential of microwave irradiation versus formalin fixation of bacteria to improve Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine efficacy in 5 gr fish by intraperitoneal (IP) inj.ction and bath immersion (BI). There was no significant difference in the cumulative percent mortality (CPM) post-challenge between fish administered microwave-killed cells (MKC) or formalin killed cells (FKC) within the BI (p S. agalactiae antibody activity. Thirty days after vaccination and j.st prior to challenge, the optical density (OD) levels of the FKC and MKC groups in the IP trials were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than that of the TSB group. None of the groups in the BI trial exhibited significantly different OD levels post vaccination. Fourteen days after the challenge, the OD levels of all groups in both trials increased significantly above their pre-challenge levels. Both the FKC and MKC IP groups (p < 0.0001) and only the FKC BI group (p < 0.0351) had significantly increased OD level above that of the corresponding post-challenge TSB group. These results indicate that the FKC vaccine provides marginally greater protection and increased antibody concentrations than the MKC vaccine by BI and the MKC vaccine may become a non-chemical alternative to FKC in vaccination.

关键词： Vaccine Streptococcus agalactiae Microwave

Factors affecting use of ballistics gelatin in laboratory studies of bacterial contamination in proj.ctile wounds

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Military Medical Research 2018年第4期5卷 304-313页

作者： j.ssica j. evans Aaron Bost Karim H. Muci-Küchler Linda C. DeVeaux Biomedical Engineering Program South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Mechanical Engineering Department South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Department of Biology New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology

Background: Ballistics gelatin is a common tissue surrogate used in bacterial contamination models for proj.ctile wounds. Although these studies have demonstrated that bacteria are transferred from the surface of the gelatin to the wound track by a proj.ctile, quantifiable results have been inconsistent and not repeatable in successive ***: In this study, five areas of a typical contamination model in which bacterial recovery or survival are affected were identified for optimization. The first was a contaminated "skin" surrogate, where the novel use of vacuum filtration of a bacterial culture and buffer onto filter paper was employed. The other possibly problematic areas of the bacterial distribution model included the determination of bacterial survival when the contamination model is dried, survival in solid and molten gelatin, and the effect of high-intensity lights used for recording high-speed ***: Vacuum filtration of bacteria and buffer resulted in a consistent bacterial distribution and recovery. The use of phosphate buffer M9(pH 7) aided in neutralizing the ballistics gelatin and improving bacterial survival in solid gelatin. Additionally, the use of high-intensity lights to record high-speed video and the use of a 42℃ water bath to melt the gelatin were found to be bactericidal for gram-positive and gram-negative ***: Multiple areas of a typical contamination model in which bacterial survival may be impeded were identified, and methods were proposed to improve survival in each area. These methods may be used to optimize the results of bacterial contamination models for medical applications, such as understanding the progression of infection in penetrating wounds and to identify possible sources of contamination for forensic purposes.

关键词： Ballistics gelatin Wound Contamination Bacterial model

Superior growth performance in broiler chicks fed chelated compared to inorganic zinc in presence of elevated dietary copper

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j.urnal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第4期7卷 561-569页

作者： j.nmei Zhao Robert B. Shirley j.lia j. Dibner Karen j. Wedekind Frances Yan Paula Fisher Thomas R. Hampton j.seph L. evans Mercedes Vazquez-Anon research and development novus international20 Research Park DriveSaint CharlesMO 63304USA current affiliation:poultry technical services adisseo usaAlpharettaGA 30022USA

Background： The goal of this study was to compare the antagonism of elevated dietary Cu （250 mg/kg） from CuS04 on three different Zn sources （ZnS04. H20; [Zn bis（-2-hydroxy-4-（methylthio）butanoic acid）], Zn（HMTBa）2 a chelated Zn methionine hydroxy analogue; and Zn-Methionine）, as measured using multiple indices of animal performance in ROSS 308 broilers. Methods： Three experiments were conducted in broiler chicks fed a semi-purified diet. All birds were fed a Zn-deficient diet （8.5 mg/kg diet） for 1 wk, and then provided with the experimental diets for 2 wks. Results： Experiment 1 was a 2 x 2 factorial design with two levels of Cu （8 vs. 250 mg/kg diet from CuSO4） and two Zn sources at 30 mg/kg [ZnSO4. H20 vs. Zn（HMTBa）2]. Elevated Cu impaired growth performance only in birds fed ZnSO4. Compared to ZnSO4. H20, Zn（HMTBa）2 improved feed intake （12 %; P 〈 0.001） and weight gain （12 %, P 〈 0.001） and the benefits were more pronounced in the presence of 250 mg/kg diet Cu. Experiment 2 was a dose titration of ZnSO4- H20 and Zn（HMTBa）2 at 30, 4,5, 60, and 75 mg/kg diet in the presence of 250 mg/kg CuSO4. Feed：gain was decreased and tibia Zn was increased with increasing Zn levels from 30 to 75 mg/kg. Birds fed Zn（HMTBa）2 consumed more food and gained more weight compared to birds fed ZnSO4, especially at lower supplementation levels （30 and 45 mg/kg; interaction P 〈 0,05）. Experiment 3 compared two organic Zn sources （Zn（HMTBa）2 vs. Zn-Methionine） at 30 mg/kg with or without 250 mg/kg CuSO4. No interactions were observed between Zn sources and Cu levels on performance or tissue mineral concentrations. High dietary Cu decreased weight gain （P 〈 0.01）. Tibia Cu and liver Cu were significantly increased with 250 mg/kg dietary Cu supplementation （P 〈 0.01）. No difference was observed between the two Zn sources. Conclusions： Dietary 250 mg/kg Cu significantly impaired feed intake and weight gain in birds fed ZnSO4. H20, but had less impact in birds fed Zn（HMTBa）2. No difference

关键词： Antagonism Broilers Chelates Growth MineraLs Organic Performance

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Roles of SO_2 oxidation in new particle formation events

作者： (英)Benj.min j. evans (美)david Flanagan

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第4期27卷 90-101页

作者： He Meng Yuj.ao Zhu Greg j.evans Cheol-Heon j.ong Xiaohong Yao Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research University of Toronto

The oxidation of SO2 is commonly regarded as a maj.r driver for new particle formation（NPF） in the atmosphere. In this study, we explored the connection between measured mixing ratio of SO2 and observed long-term（duration 〉 3 hr） and short-term（duration〈 1.5 hr） NPF events at a semi-urban site in Toronto. Apparent NPF rates（j.0） showed a moderate correlation with the concentration of sulfuric acid（[H2SO4]） calculated from the measured mixing ratio of SO2 in long-term NPF events and some short-term NPF events（Category I）（R^2= 0.66）. The exponent in the fitting line of j.0~ [H2SO4]nin these events was1.6. It was also found that SO2 mixing ratios varied a lot during long-term NPF events,leading to a significant variation of new particle counts. In the SO2-unexplained short-term NPF events（Category II）, analysis showed that new particles were formed aloft and then mixed down to the ground level. Further calculation results showed that sulfuric acid oxidized from SO2 probably made a negligible contribution to the growth of 〉 10 nm new particles.

关键词： Nucleation Particle growth Sulfuric acid Photochemical oxidation SO2

Ti-MCM-41催化剂的表面性质及介质极性对苯羟化反应化学选择性的影响

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催化学报 2001年第5期22卷 475-478页

作者：马辉何静 david G evans 段雪北京化工大学可控化学反应教育部重点实验室北京100029

用不同的铝源改性Ti MCM 41催化剂 ,得到了具有长程有序结构、n(Si) /n(Ti) =2 5的不同Si/Al比的改性Ti MCM 41.通过研究芳烃羟化反应随催化剂表面性质的变化规律发现 ,调变催化剂的表面性质 ,可控制反应物苯及目的产物苯酚与Al Ti MCM... 详细信息

用不同的铝源改性Ti MCM 41催化剂 ,得到了具有长程有序结构、n(Si) /n(Ti) =2 5的不同Si/Al比的改性Ti MCM 41.通过研究芳烃羟化反应随催化剂表面性质的变化规律发现 ,调变催化剂的表面性质 ,可控制反应物苯及目的产物苯酚与Al Ti MCM 41催化活性中心接近的程度 ,从而可实现对芳烃羟化反应化学选择性的控制 .介质极性对芳烃的化学亲和选择性也有影响。

关键词： MCM-41沸石表面性质介质极性苯羟化反应催化剂催化性能化学选择性

Mobilization of Cu in the continental lower crust:A perspective from Cu isotopes

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第5期14卷 17-38页

作者： Chen-Hao Luo Rui Wang Yun Zhao j.an Huang Noreen j.evans State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources and Institute of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjingChina SinoProbe Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences BeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth Sciences and ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China j.hn de Laeter Centre Curtin UniversityGPO Box U1987PerthWA 6845Australia

Recent studies have shown that Cu-rich sulfide accumulates in the lower continental crust and serves as a critical reservoir to balance Cu depletion in the upper *** of Cu in the lower crust is also assumed to be a maj.r metal source for non-arc setting porphyry Cu *** test this hypothesis and further explore the behavior of Cu in the lower crust,we analyzed the elemental and Cu isotopic compositions of lower crustal rocks from different geological *** collected samples include hornblendites from the Kohistan arc,granulite xenoliths and hornblendites from the Gangdese arc,hornblendites and gabbros from the Laiyuan complex in the North China Craton,and hornblendite xenoliths from the western margin of the Yangtze *** lower crustal rocks have experienced varying degrees of primary or secondary sulfide accumulation,with significantly varied Cu contents(11.2 to 145 ppm)andδδ^(65)(1.05‰to 1.40‰).Petrography and geochemistry reveal varying degrees of metasomatism and fluid interaction in these rocks,and based on this,they can be further divided into three groups:Group I includes the Gangdese granulites and Yunnan hornblendites,which perhaps experienced significant *** suite of rocks shows enrichment ofδ^(65)(dδ^(65)=0.01‰to 1.40‰),positively correlated with metasomatism(dδ^(65)***/Pb).We suggest the secondary sulfides which transformed from sulfates during the interaction between lower crust and arc magma are dominant in these rocks,so the feature of heavy isotope enrichment is *** II includes Laiyuan hornblendites and gabbros,derived from the same parental magma and emplaced at different depths(hornblendites,23.3–28.1 km;gabbros 8.4–11.1 km).The Cu isotopic compositions are strongly fractionated between these two kinds of rocks,with low dδ^(65)in the hornblendites(0.00‰to 0.28‰)and highly polarized dδ^(65)in the gabbros(1.05‰to 0.81‰).Geochemical indicators and mineral assemblages reveal that fluid intera

关键词： Cu isotope of lower continental crust Cu mobilization Metasomatism Fluid interaction Partial melting