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PM_(2.5) in China:Measurements,sources,visibility and health effects,and mitigation

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Particuology 2014年第2期12卷 1-26页

作者： david Y.h.Pui Sheng-Chieh Chen Zhili Zuo Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Science and EngineeringUniversity of Minnesota

Concern over the health effects of fine particles in the ambient environment led the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to develop the first standard for PM2.5 （particulate matter less than 2.5 μm） in 1997. The Particle Technology Laboratory at the University of Minnesota has helped to establish the PM2.5 standard by developing many instruments and samplers to perform atmospheric measurements. In this paper, we review various aspects of PM2.5, including its measurement, source apportionment, visibility and health effects, and mitigation. We focus on PM2.s studies in China and where appropriate, compare them with those obtained in the U.S. Based on accurate PM2.5 sampling, chemical analysis, and source apportionment models, the major PM2.5 sources in China have been identified to be coal combustion, motor vehicle emissions, and industrial sources. Atmospheric visibility has been found to correlate well with PM2.s concentration. Sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate carried by PM2.s, commonly found in coal burning and vehicle emissions, are the dominant contributors to regional haze in China. Short-term exposure to PM2.s is strongly associated with the increased risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in China. The strategy for PMzs mitigation must be based on reducing the pollutants from the two primary sources of coal-fired power plants and vehicle emissions. Although conventional Particulate Emission Control Devices （PECD） such as electrostatic precipitators in Chinese coal-fired power plants are generally effective for large particles, most of them may not have high collection efficiency of PM2.5. Baghouse filtration is gradually incorporated into the PECD to increase the PM2.5 collection efficiency. By adopting stringent vehicle emissions standard such as Euro 5 and 6, the emissions from vehicles can be gradually reduced over the years. An integrative approach, from collaboration among academia, government, and industries, can effe

关键词： PM2.5 in ChinaAtmospheric particle size distributionPM2.5 samplingChemical composition of PM2.sSource apportionment modelsPM2.5 health impactPM2.s mitigationCoal-fired power plantParticle emission control devices (PECD)Baghouse filtrationIntegrative approach

The pros and cons of biological effects of herbs and herb-derived compounds on liver tumorigenesis

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hepatoma Research 2022年第1期8卷 257-277页

作者： Mohamad Khalil Maria Calasso Leonilde Bonfrate Agostino Di Ciaula Maria De Angelis david Q.h.Wang Piero Portincasa Clinica Medica“Augusto Murri” Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human OncologyUniversity of Bari Medical SchoolBari 70124Italy Department of Soil Plant and Food SciencesUniversity of Bari Aldo MoroBari 70126Italy Department of Medicine and Genetics Division of Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesMarion Bessin Liver Research CenterEinstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew YorkNY 10461USA

Consumption of natural products such as herbs,spices,plant-derived compounds,and foods is on the rise *** use of these substances is widely recognized as an integral part of culture and tradition,with the philosophy being“no benefit is no harm”.The utility of medicinal plants and extracts is under scrutiny,and the scientific community needs to clarify many conceptual *** plants are rich in bioactive phytochemicals that produce chemopreventive effects at different levels,including cellular,animal,and *** ultimate translational value is often missing,and some studies suggest that botanicals may contain toxic compounds that cause acute or chronic *** this regard,the liver is the center,and herbal products can show protective effects or induce hepatotoxicity,thereby promoting liver *** this review article,we examine a range of herbal products implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis and extend the discussion to herbal products that may be potentially involved in the prevention and treatment of liver carcinoma.

关键词： herbs hepatocellular carcinoma liver cancer natural compounds

Advanced bioactive glue tethering Lubricin/PRG4 to promote integrated healing of avascular meniscus tears

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第10期28卷 61-73页

作者： Solaiman Tarafder Jaskirti Ghataure david Langford Rachel Brooke Ryunhyung Kim Samantha Lewis Eyen Julian Bensadoun Jeffrey T.Felix James L.Cook Chang h.Lee Regenerative Engineering Laboratory Columbia University Medical Center630 W.168 St.-VC12-212New YorkNY10032USA Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics Missouri Orthopedic InstituteUniversity of Missouri1100 Virginia AvenueColumbi1MO65212USA

Meniscus injuries are extremely common with approximately one million patients undergoing surgical treatment annually in the U.S. alone, but no regenerative therapy exist. Previously, we showed that controlled applications of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFβ3) via fibrin-based bio-glue facilitate meniscus healing by inducing recruitment and stepwise differentiation of synovial mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells. here, we first explored the potential of genipin, a natural crosslinker, to enhance fibrin-based glue’s mechanical and degradation properties. In parallel, we identified the harmful effects of lubricin on meniscus healing and investigated the mechanism of lubricin deposition on the injured meniscus surface. We found that the pre-deposition of hyaluronic acid (hA) on the torn meniscus surface mediates lubricin deposition. Then we implemented chemical modifications with heparin conjugation and CD44 on our bioactive glue to achieve strong initial bonding and integration of lubricin pre-coated meniscal tissues. Our data suggested that heparin conjugation significantly enhances lubricin-coated meniscal tissues. Similarly, CD44, exhibiting a strong binding affinity to lubricin and hyaluronic acid (hA), further improved the integrated healing of hA/lubricin pre-coated meniscus injuries. These findings may represent an important foundation for developing a translational bio-active glue guiding the regenerative healing of meniscus injuries.

关键词： Knee meniscus Bioactive glue Stem cell recruitment Lubricin

Modeling the impact of changing sexual behaviors with opposite-sex partners and STI testing among women and men ages 15-44 on STI diagnosis rates in the United States 2012-2019

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第4期8卷 1169-1176页

作者： Deven T.hamilton david A.Katz Laura T.haderxhanaj Casey E.Copen Ian h.Spicknall Matthew hogben Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Global health University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Division of STD Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDSHepatitisSexually Transmitted DiseaseTuberculosis PreventionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA

Objective:To estimate the potential contributions of reported changes in frequency of penile-vaginal sex(PVS),condom use and STI screening to changes in gonorrhea and chlamydial diagnoses from 2012 to ***:An agent-based model of the heterosexual population in the *** the STI *** was calibrated to 2012 diagnosis rates,testing,condom use,and frequency of *** used behaviors from the 2017-2019 NSFG,and we evaluated changes in diagnosis and incidence rates in ***:higher testing rates increased gonorrhea and chlamydia diagnosis by 14%and 13%,respectively,but did not reduce *** frequency of PVS reduced the diagnosis rate for gonorrhea and chlamydia 6%and 3%respectively while reducing incidence by 10%and 9%*** condom use had negligible impact on diagnosis and ***:Understanding how changing behavior drives STI incidence is essential to addressing the growing *** in testing and frequency of PVS likely contributed to some,but not all,of the changes in *** research is needed to understand the context within which changing sexual behavior and testing are occurring.

关键词： Gonorrhea Chlamydia Agent-based modeling Simulation

Coherent and semicoherent α/β interfaces in titanium: structure, thermodynamics, migration

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 146-156页

作者： Siqi Wang Tongqi Wen Jian han david J.Srolovitz Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong Kong SARChina

Theα/βinterface is central to the microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium *** investigate the structure,thermodynamics and migration of the coherent and semicoherent Tiα/βinterfaces as a function of temperature and misfit strain via molecular dynamics(MD)simulations,thermodynamic integration and an accurate,DFT-trained Deep *** structure of an equilibrium semicoherent interface consists of an array of steps,an array of misfit dislocations,and coherent *** determines the dislocation and step(disconnection)array structure and habit *** MD simulations show the detailed interface morphology dictated by intersecting disconnection *** steps are shown to facilitateα/βinterface migration,while the misfit dislocations lead to interface drag;the drag mechanism is different depending on the direction of interface *** results are used to predict the nature ofαphase nucleation on cooling through theα-βphase transition.

关键词： semicoherent microstructure interface

Great wall of solar panels to mitigate yellow dust storm

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Particuology 2014年第2期12卷 146-149页

作者： david Y.h.Pui Junji Cao Zhisheng An Jing Wang University of Minnesota Department of Mechanical EngineeringMinneapolisMN 55455USA Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences ETh Zurich Institute of Environmental Engineering8093 ZurichSwitzerland EMPA Analytical Chemistry8600 Dubendorf Switzerland

Mitigation of the large scale yellow dust storm is a serious problem facing China. We propose the approach of building windbreak walls equipped with solar panels in the proximity of dust origins. The solar panels generate electricity in the sunny days; the walls break the wind and remove airborne dusts based on the impactor principle during wind storms. Preliminary calculation indicates the walls may be able to remove the major fraction of the airborne dusts and the generated electricity could be significant. More detailed studies are needed to prove the feasibility of the approach.

关键词： Solar panels Dust storm Mitigation Windbreak Sustainable development

MicroBTC:Efficient,Flexible and Fair Micropayment for Bitcoin Using hash Chains

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2019年第2期34卷 403-415页

作者： Zhi-Guo Wan Robert h.Deng david Lee Ying Li School of Computer Science and Technology Shandong University Qingdao 266237 China School of Information Systems Singapore Management University Singapore 188065 Singapore School of Business Singapore University of Social Sciences Singapore 599494 Singapore Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology Beijing 100094 China

While Bitcoin gains increasing popularity in different payment scenarios,the transaction fees make it difficult to be applied to *** the wide applicability of micropayment,it is crucial for all cryptocurrencies including Bitcoin to provide effective support *** light of this,a number of low-cost micropayment schemes for Bitcoin have been proposed recently to reduce micropayment *** schemes,however,suffer from drawbacks such as high computation cost,inflexible payment value,and possibly unfair *** paper proposes two new micropayment schemes,namely the basic MicroBTC and the advanced MicroBTC,for Bitcoin by integrating the hash chain technique into cryptocurrency *** basic MicroBTC realizes micropayment by exposing hash pre-images on the hash chain one by one,and it can also make arbitrary micropayments by exposing multiple hash *** further design the advanced MicroBTC to achieve non-interactive refund and efficient hash chain *** analyze the complexity and security of the both MicroBTC schemes and implement them using the Bitcoin source *** experiments were conducted to validate their performance,and the result showed that a micropayment session can be processed within about 18 ms for the basic MicroBTC and 9 ms for the advanced MicroBTC on a *** schemes enjoy great efficiency in computation and flexibility in micropayments,and they also achieve fairness for both the payer and the payee.

关键词： blockchain micropayment cryptocurrency hash chain Bitcion

2nd UMN-CAS Bilateral Seminar on PM2.5 science, health effects and control technologies, October 7-8, 2015 at 3M Innovation Center, Maplewood, MN, USA

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Particuology 2016年第4期14卷 141-142页

作者： david Y.h. Pui Junji Cao University of Minnesota MN 55455 USA Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an China

The First UMN-CAS Bilateral Seminar was successfully held in Xi＇an, China, May 27-28,2014. A summary of the 1 st Bilateral Seminar was published in Particuology 16 （2014）, 227-229. The Second UMN-CAS Bilateral Semi... 详细信息

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A Ring-Reinforced Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Conduit Is Associated with Better Regional Mechanics after Stage I Norwood Operation

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Congenital heart Disease 2022年第5期17卷 591-603页

作者： Benjamin Zielonka david M.harrild Sunil J.Ghelani Eleni G.Elia Christopher W.Baird Andrew J.Powell Rahul h.Rathod Department of Cardiology Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUSA Department of Pediatrics Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUSA Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Boston Children’s HospitalBostonUSA Department of Surgery Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUSA

Background:The right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit(RVPAC)may impair right ventricular(RV)function in patients with functional single right *** of the RVPAC using a ring-reinforced end with dunked insertion into the RV through a limited ventriculotomy may reduce the impact on RV *** compared RV segmental strain between patients with a traditional RVPAC and ring-reinforced RVPAC using feature tracking cardiovascular magnetic resonance(CMR)***:Patients with CMR examinations after Stage I operation with RVPAC between 2000 and 2018 were *** mass,volumes,late gadolinium enhancement(LGE),and peak radial and circumferential strain of the 4 segments near the RVPAC insertion site were ***:The study included 71 CMR examinations in 61 patients(30 traditional RVPAC,31 ring-reinforced RVPAC).Prior to Stage II,the ring-reinforced RVPAC group had better peak radial strain and circumferential strain in 1 of 4 segments proximal to the RVPAC insertion site compared to the traditional RVPAC *** to Stage III operation,the ring-reinforced group had better peak radial and circumferential strain in 2 of 4 *** at the RVPAC insertion site was observed in 97%of patients before Stage II and 95%of patients before Stage *** type and regional strain were not associated with transplant-free survival during a median follow-up of 6.3 ***:Compared to a traditional RVPAC,the ring-reinforced RVPAC is associated with improved regional mechanics at the conduit insertion *** investigation of long-term outcomes after ring-reinforced RVPAC is warranted.

关键词： Single ventricle hypoplastic left heart syndrome cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking