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榴菌素产生菌紫红链霉菌Tü22的多聚乙酰合成酶基因簇的结构和功能

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国外医药（抗生素分册） 1991年第1期12卷 1-4页

作者： david h.sherman 余柏松

多聚乙酰(polyketide)类组成了一大系列由细菌(主要是放线菌)、真菌和植物产生的各种结构的复杂次级代谢物,其中大部分已证明是人用和兽用药品,在畜牧业则作为治疗用抗生素,化疗药物和生长刺激剂,还有一些较为重要的是真菌黄曲霉毒素,... 详细信息

多聚乙酰(polyketide)类组成了一大系列由细菌(主要是放线菌)、真菌和植物产生的各种结构的复杂次级代谢物,其中大部分已证明是人用和兽用药品,在畜牧业则作为治疗用抗生素,化疗药物和生长刺激剂,还有一些较为重要的是真菌黄曲霉毒素,植物色素或香味物质。多聚乙酰的生物合成似乎类似于长链脂肪酸的生物合成。这种脂肪酸的生物合成是由以下反应重复循环进行的,即丙二酰基辅酶 A 衍生的二碳单位(乙酸残基)。

关键词：多聚乙酰合成酶结构功能抗生素

链霉菌聚酮体类抗生素生物合成基因的克隆和分析

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国外医药（抗生素分册） 1990年第5期11卷 321-327页

作者： david h.sherman 余柏松肖勇立

前言链霉菌体内遗传研究25年后,对这类丝状菌的天然基因交换机制已逐步有所了解,发现了各种质粒与感染链霉菌的温和噬菌体,各种代谢、发育和抗生素产生的基因也已分离,测定特性并制得突变图谱。这类微生物的分子遗传学时代于1980年随着... 详细信息

前言链霉菌体内遗传研究25年后,对这类丝状菌的天然基因交换机制已逐步有所了解,发现了各种质粒与感染链霉菌的温和噬菌体,各种代谢、发育和抗生素产生的基因也已分离,测定特性并制得突变图谱。这类微生物的分子遗传学时代于1980年随着首次克隆实验开始,以后,其进展相当迅速。分子遗传学正提供与链霉菌生物学的几个方面有关的基因组成和调节的基本信息,包括它们的两个最明显的“特异”性质:菌丝生长和孢子形成间的发育变化和与抗生素产生相关的特性。

关键词：链霉菌聚酮体生物合成基因克隆

hepatitis B virus genotypes in precision medicine of hepatitis Brelated hepatocellular carcinoma:Where we are now

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1097-1103页

作者： Caecilia h C Sukowati Sri Jayanti Turyadi Turyadi david h Muljono Claudio Tiribelli Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology Research Organization for HealthNational Research and Innovation Agency of IndonesiaJakarta 10340Indonesia Liver Cancer Unit Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUSTrieste 34149Italy Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin UniversityMakassar 90245South SulawesiIndonesia Faculty of Medicine and health University of SydneySydney 2050Australia

hepatitis B virus(hBV)infection is a major player in chronic hepatitis B that may lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(hCC).hBV genetics are diverse where it is classified into at least 9 genotypes(A to I)and 1 putative genotype(J),each with specific geographical distribution and possible different clinical outcomes in the *** diversity may be associated with the precision medicine for hBV-related hCC and the success of therapeutical approaches against hCC,related to different pathogenicity of the virus and host *** Editorial discusses recent updates on whether the classification of hBV genetic diversity is still valid in terms of viral oncogenicity to the hCC and its precision medicine,in addition to the recent advances in cellular and molecular biology technologies.

关键词： hepatitis B virus hepatocellular carcinoma Genotypes Pathogenesis Precision medicine

Foam rolling and stretching do not provide superior acute flexibility and stiffness improvements compared to any other warm-up intervention: A systematic review with meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2024年第4期13卷 509-520页

作者： Konstantin Warneke Gerit Plöschberger Lars h.Lohmann Eric Lichtenstein Daniel Jochum Stanislav D.Siegel Astrid Zech david G.Behm Institute of Sport Science University of KlagenfurtKlagenfurt am Wörthersee 9020Austria Department of human Motion Science and Exercise Physiology Friedrich Schiller UniversityJena 07749Germany Department Sport Exercise and HealthUniversity of BaselBasel 4052Switzerland Department of health Sciences and Technology ETH ZurichZurich 8092Switzerland School of human Kinetics and Recreation Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.JohnsNL A1C 5S7Canada

Background:Acute improvement in range of motion(ROM)is a widely reported effect of stretching and foam rolling,which is commonly explained by changes in pain threshold and/or musculotendinous ***,these effects were also reported in response to various other active and passive interventions that induce responses such as enhanced muscle ***,we hypothesized that acute ROM enhancements could be induced by a wide variety of interventions other than stretching or foam rolling that promote an increase in muscle ***:After a systematic search in PubMed,Web of Science,and SPORTDiscus databases,38 studies comparing the effects of stretching and foam rolling with several other interventions on ROM and passive properties were *** studies had 1134 participants in total,and the data analysis resulted in 140 effect sizes(ESs).ES calculations were performed using robust variance estimation model with ***:Study quality of the included studies was classified as fair(PEDro score=4.58)with low to moderate certainty of *** showed no significant differences in ROM(ES=0.01,p=0.88),stiffness(ES=0.09,p=0.67),or passive peak torque(ES=-0.30,p=0.14)between stretching or foam rolling and the other identified *** plots revealed no publication ***:Based on current literature,our results challenge the established view on stretching and foam rolling as a recommended component of warm-up *** lack of significant difference between interventions suggests there is no need to emphasize stretching or foam rolling to induce acute ROM,passive peak torque increases,or stiffness reductions.

关键词： Range of motion Passive properties Muscletendon unit Muscle tissue

Predictors of the placebo response in a nutraceutical randomized controlled trial for depression

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 46-53页

作者： Rosemary Arnold Jenifer Murphy-Smith Chee h.Ng david Mischoulon Gerard J.Byrne Chad A.Bousman Con Stough Michael Berk Jerome Sarris Professorial Unit the Melbourne ClinicDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneRichmond 3121Australia Depression Clinical and Research Program Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Faculty of Medicine Discipline of PsychiatryCentre for Clinical ResearchRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalHerstonthe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4006Australia Departments of Medical Genetics PsychiatryPhysiology&Pharmacology and Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Psychiatry the University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia Centre for human Psychopharmacology Swinburne UniversityMelbourne 3122Australia The Institute for Mental and Physical health and Clinical Translation School of MedicineBarwon HealthDeakin UniversityGeelong 3220Australia The Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia NICM health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversityWestmeadNSW 2145Australia

Objective The placebo response in depression studies is the change in symptoms amongst those who receive an inactive *** well-designed randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of depression have a high proportion of placebo responders,with little understanding as to *** present study assesses characteristics associated with the placebo response in a nutraceutical trial with a large proportion of placebo *** This is a secondary analysis of a nutraceutical depression RCT which identified no overall treatment benefit relative to placebo(n=69 in placebo group).We investigated participant characteristics such as socio-demographics,clinical features,and recruitment methods,and their association with the placebo *** genetic polymorphisms were also *** response was measured based on change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale *** association of these hypothesis-driven variables of interest and the placebo response was examined using linear mixed effects *** Greater levels of education,particularly pursuing post-high school education,better self-reported general health,marriage/de facto,greater improvement in the first trial week,and more failed antidepressant therapies in the current depressive episode were associated with greater placebo *** increased placebo response was not found in those recruited via social media nor in those with concomitant antidepressant *** nucleotide polymorphisms from the tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPh1)gene(A779C and A218C)were weakly associated with greater placebo response,although the evidence was attenuated after accounting for multiple *** This is,to our knowledge,the first study within nutraceutical research for depression to assess the association between participant characteristics and variation in the placebo *** variables appeared to predict the placebo *** findings may encourage future trial design

关键词： Randomized controlled trial Placebo Depression Nutraceutical Psychiatry

Utilization of ph-driven methods to fortify nanoemulsions with multiple polyphenols

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Food Science and human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 1943-1950页

作者： hualu Zhou Bingjing Zheng david Julian McClements Department of Food Science and Technology College of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaGriffinGA 30223USA Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory Department of Food ScienceUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Food Science&Bioengineering Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310018China

Simple but effective methods are required to incorporate multiple bioactive polyphenols into delivery systems to increase their dispersibility,stability and *** developed and tested three p hdriven protocols for creating nanoemulsions loaded with multiple lipophilic *** protocols differed in how the different polyphenols were incorporated into the *** impact of these three methods on the formation,properties,and gastrointestinal fate of nanoemulsions loaded with curcumin,resveratrol,and quercetin was *** three methods produced nanoemulsions with similar initial particle properties:droplet diameters(0.15,0.16,and 0.15μm)and zeta-potentials(–59,–58,and–58 m V),***,the average encapsulation efficiencies(82%,88%,and 61%),gastrointestinal stabilities(83%,97%,and 29%)and bioaccessibilities(77%,90%,and 73%)for curcumin,resveratrol,and quercetin were somewhat *** particular,more quercetin degradation occurred using the approach that held it under alkaline conditions for extended *** general,the p h-driven method provides researchers with a versatile approach of incorporating multiple polyphenols with different characteristics into functional food and beverages using a simple and inexpensive method.

关键词： Polyphenols ph-Driven encapsulation Nanoemulsions Gastrointestinal fate Functional foods

Soil security and global food security

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 297-302页

作者： david R.MONTGOMERY Department of Earth and Space Sciences University of Washington townSeattleWA 98105USA

Over the course of the postglacial period has managed to add degrade a substantial portion of the world's potential agricultural land. The soil loss and degradation that has repeatedly impacted regional societies around the world resulted from agricultural practices that increased the physical loss of soil(erosion), reduced soil organic matter, changed p h(acidification) or salinity,and disrupted or altered communities of soil life. In the coming century, as continued soil degradation threatens global food security while the global population keeps rising it is imperative that farmers develop and adopt soilhealth building(regenerative) practices to solve a problem that has plagued societies throughout history. Growing evidence suggests that agricultural systems that combine cover crops, reduced tillage, and diverse crop rotations can reduce erosion, enhance soil health and rebuild soil organic matter to cultivate beneficial soil life and harvest both economic and environmental benefits. In the coming post-oil world, global food security would benefit from a global effort to promote soil restoration to help addresses the challenge of sustainably feeding the world, increase soil-based carbon sequestration,protect on-farm biodiversity and reduce off-farm water pollution. Because soil security sets a solid foundation for global food security, agricultural policies and subsidies should be reformed to encourage farmers to adopt regenerative,soil-building practices.

关键词： Agriculture soil security food security regenerative

Enhanced hoek-Brown(h-B)criterion for rocks exposed to chemical corrosion

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第5期34卷 609-630页

作者： hao Li Leo Pel Zhenjiang You david Smeulders Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBthe Netherlands Department of Applied Physics Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBthe Netherlands Center for Sustainable Energy and Resources School of EngineeringEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia School of Chemical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Gas and Energy Transition Research Centre The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

Underground constructions often encounter water environments,where water–rock interaction can increase porosity,thereby weakening engineering ***,the failure criterion for chemically corroded rocks becomes essential in the stability analysis and design of such *** study enhances the applicability of the hoek-Brown(h-B)criterion for engineering structures operating in chemically corrosive conditions by introducing a kinetic porosity-dependent instantaneous mi(KPIM).A multiscale experimental investigation,including nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),ph and ion chromatography analysis,and triaxial compression tests,is employed to quantify pore structural changes and their linkage with the strength responses of limestone under coupled chemical-mechanical(C-M)*** employing ion chromatography and NMR analysis,along with incorporating the principles of free-face dissolution theory accounting for both congruent and incongruent dissolution,a kinetic chemical corrosion model is *** model aims to calculate the kinetic porosity alterations within rocks exposed to varying h+concentrations and ***,utilizing the generalized mixture rule(GMR),the kinetic porositydependent mi is *** of the KPIM-enhanced h-B criterion using compression test data from 5 types of rocks demonstrated a high level of consistency between the criterion and the experimental results,with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.96,a mean absolute percentage error less than 4.84%,and a root-mean-square deviation less than 5.95 ***,the physical significance of the porosity-dependent instantaneous mi is clarified:it serves as an indicator of a rock’s capacity to leverage the confining pressure effect.

关键词： hoek-Brown(h-B)criterion Instantaneous mi Kinetic porosity-dependency Chemical corrosion Compressive strength

Macroalgal deep genomics illuminate multiple paths to aquatic,photosynthetic multicellularity

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 747-771页

作者： david R.Nelson Alexandra Mystikou Ashish Jaiswal Cecilia Rad-Menendez Michael J.Preston Frederik De Boever Diana C.El Assal Sarah Daakour Michael W.Lomas Jean-Claude Twizere david h.Green William C.Ratcliff Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani Division of Science and Math New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Center for Genomics and Systems Biology(CGSB) New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Biotechnology Research Center Technology Innovation InstitutePO Box 9639Masdar CityAbu DhabiUAE Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa Scottish Association for Marine ScienceObanScotlandUK National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean SciencesEast BoothbayMEUSA Laboratory of Viral Interactomes GIGA InstituteUniversity of LiegeLiegeBelgium School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA

Macroalgae are multicellular,aquatic autotrophs that play vital roles in global climate maintenance and have diverse applications in biotechnology and eco-engineering,which are directly linked to their multicellularity ***,their genomic diversity and the evolutionary mechanisms underlying multicellularity in these organisms remain *** this study,we sequenced 110 macroalgal genomes from diverse climates and phyla,and identified key genomic features that distinguish them from their microalgal *** for cell adhesion,extracellular matrix formation,cell polarity,transport,and cell differentiation distinguish macroalgae from microalgae across all three major phyla,constituting conserved and unique gene sets supporting multicellular *** genes show phylum-and climate-specific expansions that may facilitate niche ***,our study reveals genetic determinants of convergent and divergent evolutionary trajectories that have shaped morphological diversity in macroalgae and provides genome-wide frameworks to understand photosynthetic multicellular evolution in aquatic environments.

关键词： macroalgae multicellularity comparative genomics evolution adhesome endogenous viral elements