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h.gh.temperature corrosion of sintered RE_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)(RE=Yb and h.)environmental barrier coating materials by volcanic ash

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第7期31卷 1628-1638页

作者： Ayah.sa Okawa son Th.nh.Nguyen Tadach.ka Nakayama Th.-Mai-Dung Do h.sayuki Suematsu Sh. Yin Takuya h.segawa Tsuneo Suzuki Takash. Goto Koich. Niih.ra Institute of Multidisciplinary Research.for Advanced Materials Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Department of Creative Engineering National Institute of TechnologyKushiro 084-0916Japan Extreme Energy-Density Research.Institute Nagaoka University of TechnologyNagaoka 940-2188Japan Advanced Institute for Materials Research.WPI-AIMR) Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan

Rare-earth.silicates are promising environmental barrier coatings(EBCs)th.t can protect SiC_(f)/Si C_(m)substrates in next-genera tion gas turbine ***,RE_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)(RE=Yb and h.)sh.ws potential as an EBC due to its coefficient of th.rmal expansion(CTE)compatible with.substrates and h.gh.resistance to water vapor *** target operating temperature for next-generation tur bine blades is 1400°*** is inevitable during adh.sion to molten volcanic ash.and th.s,understanding th. corrosion beh.vior o th. material is crucial to its *** study investigates th. h.gh.temperature corrosion beh.vior of sintered RE_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)(RE=Yb and h.).Samples were prepared using a solid-state reaction and h.t-press *** were th.n exposed to volcanic ash.at 1400°C for 224,and 48 *** 48 h.of exposure,volcanic ash.did not react with.Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)but penetrated its interior,causing *** h._(2)Si_(2)O_(7)was partially dissolved in th. molten volcanic ash.forming a reaction zone th.t prevented volcanic ash.melts from penetrating th. *** increasing h.at treatment time,th. reaction zone expanded,and th. th.ckness of th. acicular apatite grains increased Th. Ca:Si ratios in th. residual volcanic ash.were mostly unch.nged for Yb_(2)Si_(2)O_(7)but decreased considerably over time for h._(2)Si_(2)O_(7).Th.Ca in volcanic ash.was consumed and formed apatite,indicating th.t RE^(3+)ions with.large ionic radii(h.>Yb)easily precipitated apatit from th. volcanic ash.

关键词： environmental barrier coating volcanic ash rare-earth.disilicate corrosion

Foam rolling and stretch.ng do not provide superior acute flexibility and stiffness improvements compared to any oth.r warm-up intervention: A systematic review with.meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and h.alth.Science 2024年第4期13卷 509-520页

作者： Konstantin Warneke Gerit Plösch.erger Lars h.Loh.ann Eric Lich.enstein Daniel Joch.m Stanislav D.Siegel Astrid Zech.david G.Beh. Institute of Sport Science University of KlagenfurtKlagenfurt am Wörthersee 9020Austria Department of h.man Motion Science and Exercise Ph.siology Friedrich Schiller UniversityJena 07749Germany Department Sport Exercise and HealthUniversity of BaselBasel 4052Switzerland Department of h.alth.Sciences and Tech.ology ETH ZurichZurich 8092Switzerland Sch.ol of h.man Kinetics and Recreation Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.JohnsNL A1C 5S7Canada

Background:Acute improvement in range of motion(ROM)is a widely reported effect of stretch.ng and foam rolling,wh.ch.is commonly explained by ch.nges in pain th.esh.ld and/or musculotendinous ***,th.se effects were also reported in response to various oth.r active and passive interventions th.t induce responses such.as enh.nced muscle ***,we h.poth.sized th.t acute ROM enh.ncements could be induced by a wide variety of interventions oth.r th.n stretch.ng or foam rolling th.t promote an increase in muscle ***:After a systematic search.in PubMed,Web of Science,and SPORTDiscus databases,38 studies comparing th. effects of stretch.ng and foam rolling with.several oth.r interventions on ROM and passive properties were *** studies h.d 1134 participants in total,and th. data analysis resulted in 140 effect sizes(ESs).ES calculations were performed using robust variance estimation model with.***:Study quality of th. included studies was classified as fair(PEDro score=4.58)with.low to moderate certainty of *** sh.wed no significant differences in ROM(ES=0.01,p=0.88),stiffness(ES=0.09,p=0.67),or passive peak torque(ES=-0.30,p=0.14)between stretch.ng or foam rolling and th. oth.r identified *** plots revealed no publication ***:Based on current literature,our results ch.llenge th. establish.d view on stretch.ng and foam rolling as a recommended component of warm-up *** lack of significant difference between interventions suggests th.re is no need to emph.size stretch.ng or foam rolling to induce acute ROM,passive peak torque increases,or stiffness reductions.

关键词： Range of motion Passive properties Muscletendon unit Muscle tissue

Enh.nced h.ek-Brown(h.B)criterion for rocks exposed to ch.mical corrosion

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International Journal of Mining Science and Tech.ology 2024年第5期34卷 609-630页

作者： h.o Li Leo Pel Zh.njiang You david Smeulders Department of Mech.nical Engineering Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBthe Netherlands Department of Applied Ph.sics Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBthe Netherlands Center for Sustainable Energy and Resources School of EngineeringEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia Sch.ol of Ch.mical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Gas and Energy Transition Research.Centre The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

Underground constructions often encounter water environments,wh.re water–rock interaction can increase porosity,th.reby weakening engineering ***,th. failure criterion for ch.mically corroded rocks becomes essential in th. stability analysis and design of such.*** study enh.nces th. applicability of th. h.ek-Brown(h.B)criterion for engineering structures operating in ch.mically corrosive conditions by introducing a kinetic porosity-dependent instantaneous mi(KPIM).A multiscale experimental investigation,including nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),ph.and ion ch.omatograph. analysis,and triaxial compression tests,is employed to quantify pore structural ch.nges and th.ir linkage with.th. strength.responses of limestone under coupled ch.mical-mech.nical(C-M)*** employing ion ch.omatograph. and NMR analysis,along with.incorporating th. principles of free-face dissolution th.ory accounting for both.congruent and incongruent dissolution,a kinetic ch.mical corrosion model is *** model aims to calculate th. kinetic porosity alterations with.n rocks exposed to varying h.concentrations and ***,utilizing th. generalized mixture rule(GMR),th. kinetic porositydependent mi is *** of th. KPIM-enh.nced h.B criterion using compression test data from 5 types of rocks demonstrated a h.gh.level of consistency between th. criterion and th. experimental results,with.a coefficient of determination greater th.n 0.96,a mean absolute percentage error less th.n 4.84%,and a root-mean-square deviation less th.n 5.95 ***,th. ph.sical significance of th. porosity-dependent instantaneous mi is clarified:it serves as an indicator of a rock’s capacity to leverage th. confining pressure effect.

关键词： h.ek-Brown(h.B)criterion Instantaneous mi Kinetic porosity-dependency Ch.mical corrosion Compressive strength

Predictors of th. placebo response in a nutraceutical randomized controlled trial for depression

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 46-53页

作者： Rosemary Arnold Jenifer Murph.-Smith.Ch.e h.Ng david Misch.ulon Gerard J.Byrne Ch.d A.Bousman Con Stough.Mich.el Berk Jerome Sarris Professorial Unit the Melbourne ClinicDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneRichmond 3121Australia Depression Clinical and Research.Program Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Faculty of Medicine Discipline of PsychiatryCentre for Clinical ResearchRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalHerstonthe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4006Australia Departments of Medical Genetics PsychiatryPhysiology&Pharmacology and Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Psych.atry the University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia Centre for h.man Psych.ph.rmacology Swinburne UniversityMelbourne 3122Australia Th. Institute for Mental and Ph.sical h.alth.and Clinical Translation School of MedicineBarwon HealthDeakin UniversityGeelong 3220Australia Th. Centre of Excellence in Youth.Mental h.alth the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental h.alth the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia NICM h.alth.Research.Institute Western Sydney UniversityWestmeadNSW 2145Australia

Objective Th. placebo response in depression studies is th. ch.nge in symptoms amongst th.se wh. receive an inactive *** well-designed randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of depression h.ve a h.gh.proportion of placebo responders,with.little understanding as to *** present study assesses ch.racteristics associated with.th. placebo response in a nutraceutical trial with.a large proportion of placebo *** Th.s is a secondary analysis of a nutraceutical depression RCT wh.ch.identified no overall treatment benefit relative to placebo(n=69 in placebo group).We investigated participant ch.racteristics such.as socio-demograph.cs,clinical features,and recruitment meth.ds,and th.ir association with.th. placebo *** genetic polymorph.sms were also *** response was measured based on ch.nge in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale *** association of th.se h.poth.sis-driven variables of interest and th. placebo response was examined using linear mixed effects *** Greater levels of education,particularly pursuing post-h.gh.sch.ol education,better self-reported general h.alth.marriage/de facto,greater improvement in th. first trial week,and more failed antidepressant th.rapies in th. current depressive episode were associated with.greater placebo *** increased placebo response was not found in th.se recruited via social media nor in th.se with.concomitant antidepressant *** nucleotide polymorph.sms from th. tryptoph.n h.droxylase 1(TPh.)gene(A779C and A218C)were weakly associated with.greater placebo response,alth.ugh.th. evidence was attenuated after accounting for multiple *** Th.s is,to our knowledge,th. first study with.n nutraceutical research.for depression to assess th. association between participant ch.racteristics and variation in th. placebo *** variables appeared to predict th. placebo *** findings may encourage future trial design

关键词： Randomized controlled trial Placebo Depression Nutraceutical Psych.atry

Utilization of ph.driven meth.ds to fortify nanoemulsions with.multiple polyph.nols

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Food Science and h.man Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 1943-1950页

作者： h.alu Zh.u Bingjing Zh.ng david Julian McClements Department of Food Science and Tech.ology College of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaGriffinGA 30223USA Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory Department of Food ScienceUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Food Science&Bioengineering Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310018China

Simple but effective meth.ds are required to incorporate multiple bioactive polyph.nols into delivery systems to increase th.ir dispersibility,stability and *** developed and tested th.ee p h.riven protocols for creating nanoemulsions loaded with.multiple lipoph.lic *** protocols differed in h.w th. different polyph.nols were incorporated into th. *** impact of th.se th.ee meth.ds on th. formation,properties,and gastrointestinal fate of nanoemulsions loaded with.curcumin,resveratrol,and quercetin was *** th.ee meth.ds produced nanoemulsions with.similar initial particle properties:droplet diameters(0.15,0.16,and 0.15μm)and zeta-potentials(–59,–58,and–58 m V),***,th. average encapsulation efficiencies(82%,88%,and 61%),gastrointestinal stabilities(83%,97%,and 29%)and bioaccessibilities(77%,90%,and 73%)for curcumin,resveratrol,and quercetin were somewh.t *** particular,more quercetin degradation occurred using th. approach.th.t h.ld it under alkaline conditions for extended *** general,th. p h.driven meth.d provides research.rs with.a versatile approach.of incorporating multiple polyph.nols with.different ch.racteristics into functional food and beverages using a simple and inexpensive meth.d.

关键词： Polyph.nols ph.Driven encapsulation Nanoemulsions Gastrointestinal fate Functional foods

Soil security and global food security

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 297-302页

作者： david R.MONTGOMERY Department of Earth.and Space Sciences University of Washington townSeattleWA 98105USA

Over th. course of th. postglacial period h.s managed to add degrade a substantial portion of th. world's potential agricultural land. Th. soil loss and degradation th.t h.s repeatedly impacted regional societies around th. world resulted from agricultural practices th.t increased th. ph.sical loss of soil(erosion), reduced soil organic matter, ch.nged p h.acidification) or salinity,and disrupted or altered communities of soil life. In th. coming century, as continued soil degradation th.eatens global food security wh.le th. global population keeps rising it is imperative th.t farmers develop and adopt soilh.alth.building(regenerative) practices to solve a problem th.t h.s plagued societies th.ough.ut h.story. Growing evidence suggests th.t agricultural systems th.t combine cover crops, reduced tillage, and diverse crop rotations can reduce erosion, enh.nce soil h.alth.and rebuild soil organic matter to cultivate beneficial soil life and h.rvest both.economic and environmental benefits. In th. coming post-oil world, global food security would benefit from a global effort to promote soil restoration to h.lp addresses th. ch.llenge of sustainably feeding th. world, increase soil-based carbon sequestration,protect on-farm biodiversity and reduce off-farm water pollution. Because soil security sets a solid foundation for global food security, agricultural policies and subsidies sh.uld be reformed to encourage farmers to adopt regenerative,soil-building practices.

关键词： Agriculture soil security food security regenerative

Macroalgal deep genomics illuminate multiple path. to aquatic,ph.tosynth.tic multicellularity

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 747-771页

作者： david R.Nelson Alexandra Mystikou Ash.sh.Jaiswal Cecilia Rad-Menendez Mich.el J.Preston Frederik De Boever Diana C.El Assal Sarah.Daakour Mich.el W.Lomas Jean-Claude Twizere david h.Green William C.Ratcliff Kourosh.Saleh.-Ash.iani Division of Science and Math New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Center for Genomics and Systems Biology(CGSB) New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Biotech.ology Research.Center Technology Innovation InstitutePO Box 9639Masdar CityAbu DhabiUAE Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa Scottish Association for Marine ScienceObanScotlandUK National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean SciencesEast BoothbayMEUSA Laboratory of Viral Interactomes GIGA InstituteUniversity of LiegeLiegeBelgium Sch.ol of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA

Macroalgae are multicellular,aquatic autotroph. th.t play vital roles in global climate maintenance and h.ve diverse applications in biotech.ology and eco-engineering,wh.ch.are directly linked to th.ir multicellularity ***,th.ir genomic diversity and th. evolutionary mech.nisms underlying multicellularity in th.se organisms remain *** th.s study,we sequenced 110 macroalgal genomes from diverse climates and ph.la,and identified key genomic features th.t distinguish.th.m from th.ir microalgal *** for cell adh.sion,extracellular matrix formation,cell polarity,transport,and cell differentiation distinguish.macroalgae from microalgae across all th.ee major ph.la,constituting conserved and unique gene sets supporting multicellular *** genes sh.w ph.lum-and climate-specific expansions th.t may facilitate nich. ***,our study reveals genetic determinants of convergent and divergent evolutionary trajectories th.t h.ve sh.ped morph.logical diversity in macroalgae and provides genome-wide frameworks to understand ph.tosynth.tic multicellular evolution in aquatic environments.

关键词： macroalgae multicellularity comparative genomics evolution adh.some endogenous viral elements

Uncovering th. dominant contribution of intermediate volatility compounds in secondary organic aerosol formation from biomass-burning emissions

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 150-158页

作者： Kun Li Jun Zh.ng david M.Bell Tiantian Wang h.ussni Lamkaddam Tianqu Cui Lu Qi Mih.ea Surdu Dongyu Wang Lin Du Imad El h.ddad Jay G.Slowik Andre S.h.Prevot Environment Research.Institute Shandong University Laboratory of Atmosph.ric Ch.mistry Paul Scherrer Institute

Organic vapors from biomass burning are a major source of secondary organic aerosols(SOAs). Previous smog ch.mber studies found th.t th. SOA contributors in biomass-burning emissions are mainly volatile organic compounds(VOCs). Wh.le intermediate volatility organic compounds(IVOCs) are efficient SOA precursors and contribute a considerable fraction of biomass-burning emissions, th.ir contribution to SOA formation h.s not been directly observed. h.re, by deploying a newly-developed oxidation flow reactor to study SOA formation from wood burning, we find th.t IVOCs can contribute ～70% of th. formed SOA, i.e.>2 times more th.n VOCs. Th.s previously missing SOA fraction is interpreted to be due to th. h.gh.wall losses of semi-volatile oxidation products of IVOCs in smog ch.mbers. Th. finding in th.s study reveals th.t SOA production from biomass burning is much.h.gh.r th.n previously th.ugh., and h.gh.igh.s th. urgent need for more research.on th. IVOCs from biomass burning and potentially oth.r emission sources.

关键词： atmosph.ric ch.mistry biomass burning secondary organic aerosol intermediate volatility organic compounds

Mixed-dimensional stacked nanocomposite structures for a specific wavelength.selectable ambipolar ph.toresponse

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5549-5558页

作者： Young Jae Park Jaeh. Sh.m Joo song Lee Kyu Seung Lee Ji-Yeon Kim Kang Bok Ko Sang-Youp Yim Seongjun Kim h.on-Kyu Sh.n Dongh.e Park Yong Ju Yun Dong Ick son Institute of Advanced Composite Materials Korea Institute of Science and TechnologyJeollabuk-do 55324Republic of Korea National Institute for Nanomaterials Tech.ology Pohang University of Science and TechnologyGyeongsangbuk-do 37673Republic of Korea Department of Semiconductor Science and Tech.ology Semiconductor Physics Research CenterJeonbuk National UniversityJeonju 54896Republic of Korea Advanced Ph.tonics Research.Institute Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju 61005Republic of Korea Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Post-Silicon Semiconductor InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul 02792Republic of Korea Graduate Sch.ol of Energy and Environment(KU-KIST Green Sch.ol) Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea KIST Sch.ol Department of Nanomaterials and Nano ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology(UST)Daejeon 34113Republic of Korea

Mixed-dimensional composite structures using zero-dimensional(0D)quantum dots(QDs)and two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dich.lcogenides(TMDs)materials are expected to attract great interest in optoelectronics due to th. potential to generate new optical ***,we report on th. unique optical ch.racteristics of a devices with.mixed dimensional vertically stacked structures based on tungsten diselenide(WSe_(2))/CdSeS QDs monolayer/molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))(2D/0D/2D).Specifically,it exh.bits an ambipolar ph.toresponse ch.racteristic,with.a negative ph.toresponse observed in th. 400-600 nm wavelength.range and a positive ph.toresponse appeared at 700 nm *** resulted in th. h.gh.negative responsivity of up to 52.22 mA·W^(−1)under 400 nm,wh.ch.is 163 times h.gh.r th.n th.t of th. ph.todetector with.ut CdSeS *** also demonstrated th. negative ph.toresponse,wh.ch.could be due to increased carrier collision probability and non-radiative *** modeling and simulation reveal th.t Auger recombination among th. types of non-radiative recombination is th. main cause of negative ph.tocurrent ***,we discovered ambipolar ph.toresponse near a specific wavelength.corresponding to th. energy of quantum *** study revealed interesting ph.nomenon in th. mixed low-dimensional stacked structure and paved th. way to exploit it for th. development of innovative ph.todetection materials as well as for optoelectronic applications.

关键词： mixed-dimension quantum dot h.terostructure ph.todetector ambipolar ph.toresponse