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Sepsis in the burn patient:a different problem than sepsis in the g.neral population

Burns & Trauma 2017年第3期5卷 148-157页

作者： David g. g.eenhalg. Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California 2425 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento CA 95817 USA Firefig.ters Reg.onal Burn Center at University of California Davis USA Department of Surg.ry University of California Davis USA

Sepsis has recently been defined as'life-threatening.org.n dysfunction caused by a dysreg.lated host response to infection'. A g.eat amount of effort has been made to develop early treatments for sepsis throug. the Surviving.Sepsis Campaig.. There are similar but slig.tly different recommendations for the treatment of sepsis in the pediatric population. These international efforts have led to earlier diag.osis and treatments for sepsis that have led to improvements in survival. Sepsis is also the leading.cause of death in the burn patient but most clinical sepsis studies have excluded burns. The reason for the exclusion is that the sepsis found in burn patients is different than that of the g.neral population. The early treatment strateg.es, such as those directed by the Surviving.Sepsis Campaig., focus on patients presenting.to hospitals with recent sig.s of infection. Burn patients lose their primary barrier to infection, the skin, and thus the risk of infection persists as long.as that barrier is absent. Efforts have been made to define sepsis, septic shock and infection in the burn population but there is constant need for revisions. One focus of this review is to discuss the differences in burn sepsis versus sepsis of the g.neral population. Children often have profound responses to sepsis but can also make remarkable recoveries. This review will also explore problems specific to pediatric burns. The treatment of burns requires a continuous vig.lance to watch for the subtle early sig.s of sepsis and then expeditious initiation of ag.ressive therapy. Strateg.es covering.optimal manag.ment of pediatric burn sepsis will also be summarized.

关键词： Sepsis Septic shock Infection Inflammation Burns Pediatric Multiple org.n dysfunction syndrome

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Endocytosis： Is There Really a Recycling.from Late Endosomes？

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Molecular Plant 2015年第10期8卷 1554-1556页

作者： david g. Robinson Centre for Org.nismal Studies University Heidelberg 69120 Heidelberg Germany

Dear Editor,Over the last 15 years endocytosis has moved from being.a process of only minor importance to plant physiolog.sts to being.one of the most exciting.research areas in plant cell biolog.. These days, nobody doubts the operation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis as a mechanism for the internalization of a rang. of physiolog.cally important transmembrane protein complexes at the plasma membrane （PM） of plant cells. These include both receptors and transporters. As in animal cells, most of these proteins are constitutively recycled back to the PM from an early endosome （EE）. However, some are destined for deg.adation and proceed further downstream in the endocytic pathway to late endosomes （LE）, where they are internalized into the intraluminal vesicles of the LE. Fusion of the LE with the lysosome/vacuole releases the vesicles leading.to their deg.adation. The sig.al that marks PM proteins for deg.adation has been known in mammalian and yeast cells for quite some time and is polyubiquitination （Mukhopadhyay and Riezman, 2007）. In their Spotlig.t article, Zelazny and Vert （2015） hig.lig.t recent publications from the plant field that also demonstrate a key role for multiple monoubiquitination in the endocytosis of the metal transporters IRT1 （Barberon et al., 2011）, BOR1 （Kasai et al., 2011）, as well as lysine63-1inked polyubiquitination in vacuolar sorting.of the auxin transporter PIN2 （Leitner et al., 2012）. They also draw attention to the discovery of a ubiquitin-binding.protein （FREE1 ; also termed FYVE1 by Barberon et al., 2014） which locates to the LE in plant cells and is part of the ESCRT-I （endosomal sorting.complex for transport） complex （g.o et al., 2014）. This complex sequesters ubiquitinated membrane carg. proteins and internalizes them. Finally, Zelazny and Vert draw attention to the work of Ivanov et al. （2014） in showing.an increase in IRT1 deg.adation and iron deficiency in SNX1 mutants. So far so g.od, but Zelazny and Vert g. on to conclude that a portion of the internalized IRT1 molecul

关键词：胞吞作用蛋白质类内颗粒内皮缩血管肽类胰岛素载体蛋白质类注意力自然资源保护动物

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Precision medicine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第10期135卷 1156-1162页

作者： david M.g.Halpin University of Exeter Medical School College of Medicine and HealthUniversity of ExeterExeterUK.

Over the last 20 years, it has become possible to use a precision medicine approach to the manag.ment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Clinical and physiolog.cal features as well as a blood biomarker can be used to targ.t treatments to patients most likely to benefit and avoid treatment in patients less likely to benefit. Future advances in a precision medicine approach to COPD will depend on more precise characterization of individual patients, possibly using.quantitative imag.ng. new physiolog.cal techniques, novel biomarkers and g.netic profiling. Precision medicine has led to sig.ificant improvements in the manag.ment of COPD and clinicians should use all available information to optimize the treatment of individual patients.

关键词： Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) Precision medicine Biomarkers Microbiome Comorbidity

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A collaboration into research on nanoparticles (ACORN)

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Particuolog. 2009年第2期7卷 93-105页

作者： david g. Parker Chemistry Innovation The HeathRuncorn WA7 4QXUnited Kingdom

This paper describes the operation and outcome of one of the United King.om＇s larg.st multi-partner research activities in nanoparticles. The research covers the discovery and development of org.nic and inorg.nic crystals/nanoparticles, nanoparticle properties towards specific product applications. The research also encompassed bespoke measurement technolog. for nanoparticles and structure interactions. Sig.ificant research outcomes are summarised. The paper illustrates the advantag.s from industrially motivated research and value of collective action between a broad g.oup of researchers in a nation.

关键词： Nanoparticles Nanoparticle manufacture Nanocrystals Nanoassembly structure Modelling

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Layer-by-layer assembly of long.afterg.ow self-supporting.thin films with dual-stimuli-responsive phosphorescence and antiforg.ry applications

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Nano Research 2017年第10期10卷 3606-3617页

作者： Rui g.o Dong.eng.Yan david g. Evans Xue Duan State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Eng.neering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China Beijing.Key Laboratory of Energ. Conversion and Storag. Materials College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

The assembly of thin films （TFs） having.long.lasting.luminescence can be expected to play an important role in the development of new-g.neration smart sensors, anti-counterfeiting.materials, and information-encryption systems. However, such films are limited compared with their powder and solution counterparts. In this study, by exploiting.the self-org.nization of phosphors in the two-dimensional （2D） g.lleries between clay nanosheets, we developed a method for the ordered assembly of long.afterg.ow TFs by utilizing.a hydrog.n-bonding.layer-by-layer （LBL） process. Compared with the pristine powder, the TFs exhibit hig. polarization and up-conversion room-temperature phosphorescence （RTP）, as well as enhanced quantum yields and luminescence lifetimes, allowing.them to be used as room-temperature phosphorescent sensors for humidity and oxyg.n. Moreover, modified clay-based hybrids with multicolor RTP can serve as anti-counterfeiting.marks and triple-mode 2D barcode displays. We anticipate that the LBL assembly process can be extended to the fabrication of other inorg.nic--org.nic room-temperature phosphorescent hybrids with smart luminescent sensor and antiforg.ry applications.

关键词： layer-by-layer self-supporting.thin film two-dimensional （2D） ultrathin nanosheets sensor phosphorescence

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Real-time ore sorting.using.color and texture analysis

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International Journal of Mining.Science and Technolog. 2023年第6期33卷 659-674页

作者： david g.Shatwell Victor Murray Aug.sto Barton Hochschild Mining.PLC La Colonia 180Lima 15023Peru Department of Electrical Eng.neering Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia-UTECLima 15063Peru John A.Paulson School of Eng.neering.and Applied Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridge 02134USA Department of Electrical and Computer Eng.neering University of New MexicoAlbuquerque 87131USA

Sensor-based ore sorting.is a technolog. used to classify hig.-g.ade mineralized rocks from low-g.ade waste rocks to reduce operation costs.Many ore-sorting.alg.rithms using.color imag.s have been proposed in the past,but only some validate their results using.mineral g.ades or optimize the alg.rithms to classify rocks in real-time.This paper presents an ore-sorting.alg.rithm based on imag. processing.and machine learning.that is able to classify rocks from a g.ld and silver mine based on their g.ade.The alg.rithm is composed of four main stag.s:(1)imag. seg.entation and partition,(2)color and texture feature extraction,(3)sub-imag. classification using.neural networks,and(4)a voting.system to determine the overall class of the rock.The alg.rithm was trained using.imag.s of rocks that a g.olog.st manually classified according.to their mineral content and then was validated using.a different set of rocks analyzed in a laboratory to determine their g.ld and silver g.ades.The proposed method achieved a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.961 points,hig.er than other classification alg.rithms based on support vector machines and convolutional neural networks,and a processing.time under 44 ms,promising.for real-time ore sorting.applications.

关键词： Ore sorting Imag. color analysis Imag. texture analysis Machine learning

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Mapping.of QTLs and candidate g.nes associated with multiple phenotypic traits for Huang.ong.ing.tolerance in citrus

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2023年第4期9卷 705-719页

作者： Ming.Huang.Mikeal L. Roose Qibin Yu Ed Stover david g. Hall Zhanao Deng.Frederick g.g.itter Jr. Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Reg.lation of Chong.ing College of Life SciencesChongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China Citrus Research and Education Center University of FloridaLake AlfredFL 33850United States Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaRiversideCA 92521United States United States Horticultural Research Laboratory Agricultural Research ServiceUnited States Department of AgricultureFort PierceFL 34945United States g.lf Coast Research and Education Center University of FloridaWimaumaFL 33598United States

Huang.ong.ing.HLB)is the most devastating.disease for citrus worldwide.Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(C Las),vectored by Asian citrus psyllid(ACP,Diaphorina citri Kuwayama),is the most common pathog.n causing.the disease.Commercial citrus varieties are hig.ly susceptible to HLB,whereas trifoliate orang.(Poncirus trifoliata)is considered hig.ly tolerant to HLB.An F1 seg.eg.ting.population and their parent trifoliate orang. and sweet orang.,which had been exposed to intense HLB pressure for three years,was evaluated for disease symptoms,ACP colonization,C Las titer and tree vig.r repeatedly for two to three years.Trifoliate orang. and sweet orang. showed sig.ificant differences for most of the phenotypic traits,and the F1 population exhibited a larg. variation.A hig.-density SNP-based g.netic map with 1402 markers was constructed for trifoliate orang.,which exhibited hig. synteny and hig. coverag. of its reference g.nome.A total of 26 quantitative trait locus(QTLs)were identified in four linkag. g.oups Lg.t6,Lg.t7,Lg.t8 and Lg.t9,of which four QTL clusters exhibit a clear co-localization of QTLs associated with different traits.Throug. g.nome-wide analysis of g.ne expression in response to C Las infection in‘Flying.Drag.n’and‘Larg.r-Flower DPI-50-7’trifoliate orang.,85 differentially expressed g.nes were found located within the QTL clusters.Among.them,seven g.nes were classified as defense or immunity protein which exhibited the hig.est transcriptional chang. after C Las infection.Our results indicate a quantitative g.netic nature of HLB tolerance and identified candidate g.nes that should be valuable for searching.for g.netic solutions to HLB throug. breeding.or g.netic eng.neering.

关键词： Candidatus liberibacter QTL mapping Phenotyping F1 population Poncirus Citrus

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Orig.ns of perturbations in dayside equatorial g.ound mag.etog.ams

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 215-221页

作者： Syau-Yun W.Hsieh david g.Sibeck The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA NASA g.ddard Space Flig.t Center GreenbeltMarylandUSA

To determine the cause(s)of perturbations seen in dayside equatorial g.ound mag.etog.ams,we conducted a systematic survey of simultaneous g.ound-based and g.osynchronous satellite-based observations during.the 90-day period from December 1,2020 to February 28,2021.We examined Huancayo g.ound mag.etometer observations from 14:00:00 to 20:00:00 UT each day,during.which Huancayo passed throug. local noon.From those data we chose perturbation events selected on the basis of larg.(>20 nT)event amplitude and classified the selected events as responding.primarily to solar wind pressure,or to variations in the north/south component of the interplanetary mag.etic field(IMF Bz),or perhaps in part to both.The results show that an equivalent number of events were identified for each model during.this 90-day period.Variations in the lag.ed solar wind dynamic pressure routinely correspond to nearly simultaneous sudden impulses recorded at both g.osynchronous orbit and on the g.ound.Variations in IMF Bz produce erosion sig.atures at g.osynchronous orbit and can correspond to g.ound events if lag.times for reconnection to enhance convection in the mag.etosphere are taken into account.

关键词： dayside mag.etosphere dayside equatorial ionosphere g.osynchronous mag.etic field

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Striving.towards integ.ated people-centred health services:reflections on the Australian experience

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2019年第1期7卷 27-32页

作者： david g.Leg.e La Trobe China Health Prog.am La Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia

Health systems around the world are under continuing.pressure for reform.Health system reform involves both content and process.Content deals with chang.s to the structures of the health system;process deals with the strateg.es of chang..In this paper,we reflect on the development of the Australian healthcare system and draw out lessons reg.rding.both structural and developmental principles.We review the historical development and functional performance of a rang. of‘prog.ammes’which comprise the Australian health system.We use WHO’s 2016‘framework on integ.ated people‐centred health services’as a standard ag.inst which to evaluate the performance of the different prog.ammes.A model of health system development featuring.incremental chang.,windows of opportunity and policy coherence is used to frame some lessons from the Australian experience reg.rding.reform strateg..Several of the prog.ammes reviewed can be shown to have contributed positively to integ.ated and people-centred services.However,there have also been sig.ificant shortfalls in performance.The successes and the shortfalls of the prog.ammes reviewed reflect both their histories and their contemporary context.Structural principles emerg.ng.from this review include the policy leverag. available under sing.e payer purchasing.and on the other hand the frag.enting.effects of privatisation and marketisation.Lessons reg.rding.strateg.es of reform include cultivating.reform readiness’across all of the locations and levels where opportunities for chang. may emerg. while cultivating.system wide coherence throug. a shared vision of how the system as a whole should develop.

关键词： services policy centre

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英国的多元文化教育与公民教育

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湖南师范大学教育科学学报 2014年第4期13卷 5-11,17页

作者： david g. Burnett 刘绪 Open University Milton Keynes 伦敦大学教育学院四川师范大学

全球化和多元化对许多国家的发展带来重要影响,同时也要求这些国家的教育适应其人口多元化的发展。过去60年英国也在致力于探寻一条适应其人口多元化发展的路径。人口的多元化发展,不仅要求课程设置进行改革,也要求教师培养方式的转变... 详细信息

全球化和多元化对许多国家的发展带来重要影响,同时也要求这些国家的教育适应其人口多元化的发展。过去60年英国也在致力于探寻一条适应其人口多元化发展的路径。人口的多元化发展,不仅要求课程设置进行改革,也要求教师培养方式的转变。然而这种由人口多元化带来的差异与统一的国家和公民身份融合仍显得比较困难。

关键词：多元文化教育多样性公民英国

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