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Forensic Sciences Research 2016年第1期1卷 52-57页

作者： Zabiullah Ali Ferdia Bolster Eric Goldberg david fowler Ling Li Office of the Chief Medical Examiner State of MarylandBaltimoreMDUSA Sino-US Forensic Evidence Science Research Center Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial CivilizationChina University of Political Science and LawBeijingChina Division of Forensic Pathology University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Radiology Mater Misericordiae University HospitalDublin 7Ireland Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA

Endoscopy of the gastrointestinal and biliary tract is a common procedure and is routinely performed for therapeutic and diagnostic ***,bleeding and infection are some of the more common reported side *** embolism on the other hand,is a rare complication of gastrointestinal *** report a 77-year-old African-American female with a history of pancreatic cancer,which was resected with a Whipple *** part of diagnostic and therapeutic procedure,an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was planned several months after the *** patient’s heart rate suddenly slowed to 40 bpm during the procedure and she became cyanotic and difficult to oxygenate after the endoscope was introduced and CO2 gas was insufflated.A forensic autopsy was performed with post-mortem computed tomography(PMCT)and revealed extensive systemic air *** detailed PMCT and autopsy findings are presented and current literature is reviewed.

关键词： Forensic science forensic pathology air embolism endoscopy,digestive system pancreaticoduodenectomy post-mortem computed tomography scan

Resource availability and plant diversity explain patterns of invasion of an exotic grass

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第2期6卷 141-149页

作者： Sara Kuebbing Mariano A.Rodriguez-Cabal david fowler Lauren Breza Jennifer A.Schweitzer Joseph K.Bailey Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee569 Dabney HallKnoxvilleTN 37996USA

Aims in this study,we examine two common invasion biology hypotheses-biotic resistance and fluctuating resource availability-to explain the patterns of invasion of an invasive grass,Microstegium *** We used 13-year-old deer exclosures in great smoky mountains National Park,USA,to examine how chronic disturbance by deer browsing affects available resources,plant diversity,and invasion in an understory plant *** two replicate 1 m2 plots in each deer browsed and unbrowsed area,we recorded each plant species present,the abundance per species,and the fractional per-cent cover of vegetation by the cover classes:herbaceous,woody,and *** each sample plot,we also estimated overstory canopy cover,soil moisture,total soil carbon and nitrogen,and soil pH as a measure of abiotic differences between *** Findings We found that plant community composition between chronically browsed and unbrowsed plots differed *** diversity was 40%lower in browsed than in unbrowsed *** our sites,diver-sity explained 48%and woody plant cover 35%of the variation in *** *** addition,we found 3.3 times less *** in the unbrowsed plots due to higher woody plant cover and plant diversity than in the browsed plots.a parsimonious explanation of these results indicate that disturbances such as herbivory may elicit multiple conditions,namely releasing available resources such as open space,light,and decreasing plant diversity,which may facilitate the proliferation of an invasive ***,by testing two different hypotheses,this study addresses more recent calls to incorporate multiple hypotheses into research attempting to explain plant invasion.

关键词： Microstegium vimineum biotic resistance hypothesis fluctuating resource availability hypothesis deer herbivory ungulate exclosure

Deaths Due to Electrocution:An Evaluation of Death Scene Investigations and Autopsy Findings

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2018年第4期4卷 179-183页

作者： Brittani K.Massey Mohammed A.Sait William L.A.Johnson Mary Ripple david R.fowler Ling Li Forensic Medicine Graduate SchoolUniversity of MarylandMarylandUSA Forensic Medicine Office of the Chief Medical ExaminerBaltimoreMarylandUSA Evidence Science Sino-US Forensic Science Research CenterCollaborative Innovation Center of Judicial CivilizationChina University of Political Science and LawBeijingChina

The purpose of the study was to delineate the epidemiological characteristics of electrocution deaths in Maryland,identify any potential risks,and address preventive measures.A retrospective review of all the deaths due to electrocution was conducted at the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner in the State of Maryland from 2005 to *** the 11-year period,a total of 55 electrocution deaths were identified from the autopsy cases at the statewide medical examiner *** males died of electrocution than females with its ratio of(M:F)=9:*** the 55 cases,67.3%were White,18.2%were African-American,12.7%were Hispanic,and 1.8%were other *** age of the victims ranged from 4 to 83 years with mean age of 40 years.>96%deaths due to accidents and 3.4%were *** majority of deaths(70.9%)were caused by high-voltage *** 64%of fatalities were work-related *** study indicated that electrocution deaths frequently affected young male workers who were in contact with a high-voltage currents while on the *** detailed death scene investiRation and autopsy findings are *** potential hazards of electricity must continue to be addressed in public safety campaigns to prevent such *** should ensure safe work environments for any contact with electric currents.

关键词： Death investigation electrocution fatality forensic autopsy work-related death

Characteristics of Suicides Caused by Drug Overdose in the State of Maryland

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2015年第1期1卷 38-42页

作者： Ling Li Xinbiao Liao Guozhong Zhang Daming Sun Tiantong Yang Keming Yun Rebecca Phipps Xiang Zhang Mary G Ripple david fowler Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization and Institute of Evidence Science and Key Laboratory of Evidence Science China University of Political Science and LawBeijing Department and Key Laboratory of Forensic Pathology Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department of Forensic Pathology Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang Center of Forensic Science East China University of Political Science and LawShanghai Department of Forensic Medicine Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanChina Division of Forensic Pathology University of MarylandSchool of MedicineMarylandUSA

Suicidal drug overdose is a major public health *** the United States,every year more than 33,000 people commit *** study focused on the characteristics of suicide victims in the state of *** and methods:This study was a retrospective review of autopsy cases of all suicide deaths caused by drug(s)or drug(s)with alcohol intoxication investigated by the OCME in Maryland over a 7-year period from January 2004 to December *** deaths investigated by the OCME that require autopsy examination are subject to comprehensive toxicology testing for drugs and *** screen tests were performed using gas chromatography(GC)and radioimmunoassay *** detected drugs and/or metabolites were confirmed using GC-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Results:From 2004 to 2011,434 deaths were certified as *** the 434 suicidal overdose deaths,84%were white,11%were African-American,and about 5%were either Hispanic or *** male and female ratio was almost *** ages ranged 15-82 *** the 434 suicidal drug overdose deaths,277 victims(63.8%)consumed a single drug type and 157(36.2%)consumed more than one type of *** the 277 single-drug overdose cases,71.1%suicides were due to prescription drugs,23.5%due to over-the-counter drugs,and 5.4%due to street/recreational *** single-type prescription drugs,analgesic(N=76),antidepressant(N=45),and neuroleptic(N=35)classes were the three leading type of drugs used in suicidal ***,morphine,quetiapine,and amitriptyline were the most common prescription drugs in suicidal *** was the leading over-the-counter *** the 157 victims who consumed more than one drug,combined prescription drugs were present in 54.1%,mixed prescription and overthe-counter drugs in 29.3%,and prescription drugs/over-the-counter drugs and street drugs in 16.6%of *** the multiple-drug overdose suicides,66.2%cases involved ***:Suicide is found in every age,

关键词： Antidepressants drug overdose epidemiology forensic autopsy forensic science suicide opioid analgesics toxicology

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美国马里兰州涉及电击枪死亡案例分析

法医学杂志 2011年第5期27卷 353-357页

作者： Mary G.Ripple 张翔沈忆文 david fowler 李玲马里兰州法医局美国马里兰州巴尔的摩21201 复旦大学上海医学院法医学系上海200032 司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所上海市法医学重点实验室上海200063 中国政法大学证据科学教育部重点实验室北京100040

目的研究美国马里兰州涉及电子武器(电击枪)死亡案件的特点,探讨其法医学鉴定要点。方法收集2004—2009年美国马里兰州法医局鉴定的涉及电击枪死亡案件13例,案件均经详细的现场调查,尸体进行系统解剖,并进行全面的毒(药)物检测及组织病... 详细信息

目的研究美国马里兰州涉及电子武器(电击枪)死亡案件的特点,探讨其法医学鉴定要点。方法收集2004—2009年美国马里兰州法医局鉴定的涉及电击枪死亡案件13例,案件均经详细的现场调查,尸体进行系统解剖,并进行全面的毒(药)物检测及组织病理学检验。从一般情况、电击枪类型及接触方式、毒物检测结果、死亡方式、死亡原因等方面进行分析。结果死者多为男性,且多见于精神障碍患者突然急性发作,死前有服用药物或毒品情况,死亡原因系多种因素共同所致。结论涉及电击枪案件死者的死亡原因多为多种因素共同作用所致,死亡机制有待进一步研究,全面的现场调查及规范的尸体解剖程序对于此类案件的法医学鉴定至关重要。

关键词：法医病理学尸体解剖电击枪案例分析

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网络离不开容错技术

金融科技时代 1995年第2期14卷 27-29页

作者： david fowler

局域网是实现资源共享的一种方便且有效的方法,已成为多数企业信息基础设备不可分割的一部分。今天人们已不再仅仅满足于网络能够运行。还要求网络能够按照人们的需要运行。这样网络容错技术就成为一个很重要的课题。网络容错不是每个... 详细信息

局域网是实现资源共享的一种方便且有效的方法,已成为多数企业信息基础设备不可分割的一部分。今天人们已不再仅仅满足于网络能够运行。还要求网络能够按照人们的需要运行。这样网络容错技术就成为一个很重要的课题。网络容错不是每个网络都必不可少的。

关键词：容错技术网络部件集线器容错能力网络容错局域网工作站资源共享应用程序企业信息

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婴儿猝死综合征的法医学鉴定

法医学杂志 2008年第5期24卷 361-364页

作者：李玲黄光照沈忆文周兰刘良 david fowler 马里兰州法医局华中科技大学同济医学院法医学系湖北武汉430030

近20多年来,婴儿猝死综合征(sudden infant death syndrome,SIDS)一直是西方发达国家医学界尤其是法医学和儿科学领域研究的热点。目前,随着对SIDS广泛而深入的研究,对其病因、发病特点、危险因素以及致病机制等都有了更明确的认识。虽... 详细信息

近20多年来,婴儿猝死综合征(sudden infant death syndrome,SIDS)一直是西方发达国家医学界尤其是法医学和儿科学领域研究的热点。目前,随着对SIDS广泛而深入的研究,对其病因、发病特点、危险因素以及致病机制等都有了更明确的认识。虽说近年来SIDS的发病率已有明显下降,在欧美洲、澳洲等发达国家,SIDS仍然是导致1个月到1岁婴儿死亡的首要原因。在亚洲国家和地区,尤其是发展中国家SIDS的报道很少见。本文通过总结文献并结合美国马里兰州近20年(1990—2006)来对SIDS的调查研究资料,介绍SIDS的发展历史、研究现状和新的发展趋势,并对SIDS法医学鉴定程序及鉴定要素进行讨论。

关键词：法医病理学婴儿猝死流行病学

Computational Quantum Chemistry II. The Group Theory Calculator

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2005年

作者： Charles M. Quinn Patrick W. fowler and david B. Redmond (Auth.)

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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美国马里兰州法医学制度

中国法医学杂志 2003年第4期18卷 256-256,F003页

作者：李玲 david R.fowler 刘良黄光照美国马里兰州法医局马里兰巴尔的摩21201 华中科技大学同济医学院法医学系湖北武汉430030

各国的法医学体制各有所长.随着我国开放政策的实施,体制改革的深入,借鉴国外的经验,吸取其优点,将有助于我国法医学体制改革,进一步提高法医学鉴定工作质量,尽快做到与国际接轨.关于英国、德国、日本及美国等的法医学体制已有数篇报道... 详细信息

各国的法医学体制各有所长.随着我国开放政策的实施,体制改革的深入,借鉴国外的经验,吸取其优点,将有助于我国法医学体制改革,进一步提高法医学鉴定工作质量,尽快做到与国际接轨.关于英国、德国、日本及美国等的法医学体制已有数篇报道~[1，2]。本文作者介绍美国马里兰州法医局的法医学建制，并对照我国现行的法医学管理体制，对其特点进行分析。

关键词：美国马里兰州法医学制度法医检验人国外法医学

不同温度下离体人静脉血ATP含量与死亡时间的关系

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中国法医学杂志 2013年第3期28卷 207-210,I0005页

作者：杨天潼于永光廖信彪孙婷怡张海东 Mary G.Ripple david R.fowler 张翔李玲中国政法大学教育部证据科学重点实验室北京100040 北京交通大学理学院北京100044 广东省公安厅刑事技术中心广州510050 华中科技大学同济医学院武汉430030 马里兰大学美国巴尔的摩21223

目的探讨在环境温度变化条件下,人体静脉血ATP降解与死亡时间的关系。方法健康志愿者48名,随机分为6组,肱静脉取静脉血,置于10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃和35℃下保存;每4h应用ATP检测仪对不同温度下的ATP含量进行检测;应用SPSS统计软... 详细信息

目的探讨在环境温度变化条件下,人体静脉血ATP降解与死亡时间的关系。方法健康志愿者48名,随机分为6组,肱静脉取静脉血,置于10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃和35℃下保存;每4h应用ATP检测仪对不同温度下的ATP含量进行检测;应用SPSS统计软件进行回归分析,MATLAB软件进行差值函数分析拟合。结果各温度组ATP值随死亡时间延长均呈下降趋势,从取血即刻的1 573.683 E-13mol/L,降至6.00 E-13mol/L左右,所经历的时间分别为236h(10℃)、163h(15℃)、124h(20℃)、92h(25℃)、72h(30℃)和64h(35℃),对所得数据进行回归分析,得到各温度组下ATP含量变化与PMI关系的二元三次曲线方程(R2范围为0.976～0.990);进行差值拟合,得到10～35℃范围内ATP含量变化与PMI关系的三元四次曲面方程。结论在不同温度下,人体静脉血ATP降解与PMI关系符合三元四次方程分布,利用差值函数拟合的方法可在温度变化条件下进行死亡时间推断。

关键词：法医病理学死亡时间差值函数 ATP