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c.ntrol of Glyphosate and Ac.tolac.ate Synthase Resistant c.mmon Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in Soybean (Glyc.ne max L.) with Preplant Herbic.des

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2014年第26期5卷 3934-3942页

作者： Annemarie c. Van Wely Nader Soltani Darren E. Robinson david c. hooker Mark B. Lawton Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph (Ridgetown c.mpus) Ridgetown Canada Monsanto c.nada Guelph Canada

A population of c.mmon ragweed in Ontario was c.nfirmed to be resistant to glyphosate in 2011. Group 2 [ac.tolac.ate synthase (ALS) inhibitors] resistant c.mmon ragweed was first c.nfirmed in Ontario in 2000. Previously, glyphosate provided exc.llent c.ntrol of c.mmon ragweed in glyphosate resistant soybean but with the c.nfirmation of glyphosate resistant (GR) c.mmon ragweed, alternative herbic.des need to be evaluated. Eight field trials with preplant herbic.des were c.mpleted over two years (2013 and 2014) in fields with c.nfirmed GR c.mmon ragweed. Tank-mixes of glyphosate and linuron or metribuzin provided 88% - 99% and 86% - 98% c.ntrol 4 weeks after applic.tion (WAA) and 80% - 92% and 80% - 95% c.ntrol 8 WAA, respec.ively. However, these herbic.des also had among the highest environmental impac. of the herbic.des tested. Based on the results of these studies, GR c.mmon ragweed c.n be c.ntrolled with residual herbic.des when applied preemergenc. in soybean. c.rrently, there are no post emergenc. herbic.des that provide adequate c.ntrol of GR c.mmon ragweed, therefore, preemergenc. herbic.des with residual are essential for full season c.ntrol.

关键词： Glyphosate Resistanc. Multiple Herbic.de-Resistant Weeds Preplant Herbic.des Preemergenc. Herbic.des

c.ntrol of Glyphosate-Resistant Waterhemp with Two-Pass Weed c.ntrol Strategies in Glyphosate/Dic.mba-Resistant Soybean

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2018年第7期9卷 1424-1432页

作者： Brittany K. Hedges Nader Soltani david c. hooker Darren E. Robinson Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada

Waterhemp is a small-seeded, dioec.ous, broadleaf weed that emerges throughout the growing season. If left unc.ntrolled, waterhemp interferenc. c.n reduc. soybean yield up to 73%. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) waterhemp was first disc.vered in one c.unty in Ontario in 2014;as of 2017, it has been found in two other c.unties. Glyphosate/dic.mba-resistant soybean c.n be sprayed with glyphosate and/or dic.mba preplant (PP), preemergenc. (PRE) and/or postemergenc. (POST). The objec.ive of this study was to determine the c.ntrol of GR waterhemp in glyphosate/dic.mba-resistant soybean with PRE residual herbic.des, glyphosate/dic.mba applied POST or a two-pass program of a PRE residual herbic.de followed by glyphosate/dic.mba applied POST. At 8 weeks after applic.tion (WAA), pyroxasulfone (150 g ai ha-1), S-metolac.lor/metribuzin (1943 g ai ha-1), pyroxasulfone/sulfentrazone (300 g ai ha-1) and flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone (240 g ai ha-1), applied PRE, resulted in 71%, 85%, 82% and 90% GR waterhemp c.ntrol, respec.ively. The same PRE herbic.des, followed by glyphosate/dic.mba (1800 g ae ha-1) POST, improved c.ntrol to greater than 96%. This study c.nc.udes that a two-pass program of an effec.ive soil applied residual herbic.de followed by glyphosate/dic.mba POST c.ntrolled GR waterhemp in glyphosate/dic.mba-resistant soybean.

关键词： Waterhemp Soybean Glyphosate Resistanc. Glyphosate Dic.mba

Agronomic.Management Strategies to Reduc. the Yield Loss Assoc.ated with Spring Harvested c.rn in Ontario

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2015年第2期6卷 372-384页

作者： Kris J. Mahoney Jonathan H. Klapwyk Greg A. Stewart W. Sc.tt Jay david c. hooker University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada Independent Author Elora Canada Ontario Ministry of Agric.lture Food and Rural Affairs Guelph Canada

Some growers in northern c.rn (Zea mays L.) produc.ng regions forgo the typic.l autumn harvest for various reasons, but not without the risk of signific.nt yield loss. Therefore, strategies are needed for managing the risks to yield when harvesting c.rn in spring. Field experiments, with various management strategies, were initiated in Ontario, c.nada near Belmont and Ridgetown in 2009 and near Belmont, Ridgetown, and Luc.n in 2010. Management strategies investigated the use of hybrids with a range in maturity, the use of standard and reduc.d plant populations, and the use of a foliar fungic.de applied around tasseling. The parameters examined were stay-green in autumn, lodging in spring, and grain yield, moisture, and test weight of c.rn harvested in autumn and spring. Standard c.rn produc.ion prac.ic.s c.nsist of using a full-season hybrid planted at 80,000 plants·ha-1 with no late-season fungic.de applic.tion;however, if over-wintered at Belmont, c.rn managed using these prac.ic.s resulted in a 23.1% yield loss (12.1 vs 9.3 Mg·ha-1) averaged ac.oss years when the c.op was harvested in the spring. An overwintering management strategy for c.rn was identified, whic. c.nsisted of planting at a reduc.d plant population (60,000 plants·ha-1) and spraying the c.op with QUILT® (azoxystrobin + propic.nazole at 200 g a.i. ha-1) at the VT to R1 growth stage. Averaged ac.oss all hybrids, this strategy minimized yield losses through improvements on c.rn standability with only a 3.5% yield loss at Ridgetown and a 13.2% yield loss at Belmont. Furthermore, grain test weights for c.rn with the overwintering strategy were similar to or greater than c.rn overwintered with the standard produc.ion prac.ic.. However, weather c.nditions have the potential to overwhelm any management strategy. In spite of the favorable data indic.ting reduc.d risks with a spring harvest, lodging was still higher than expec.ed and yield losses would likely be unac.eptable for most gro

关键词： Fungic.de Hybrid Plant Population Lodging Stay-Green Yield

Biologic.lly-Effec.ive-Dose of Tolpyralate and Tolpyralate plus Atrazine for c.ntrol of Multiple-Herbic.de-Resistant Waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberc.latus(Moq.) J. D. Sauer] in c.rn

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Agric.ltural Sc.enc.s 2021年第4期12卷 424-443页

作者： c.ristian Willemse Nader Soltani Brendan Metzger david c. hooker Amit J. Jhala Darren E. Robinson Peter H. Sikkema Department of Plant Agric.lture University of Guelph Ridgetown ON Canada Department of Agronomy and Hortic.lture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

The biologic.lly-effec.ive-dose of tolpyralate, a new 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibitor, applied alone or tank-mixed with atrazine, for the c.ntrol of multiple-herbic.de-resistant (MHR) waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberc.latus (Moq.) J. D. Sauer] has not been studied in c.rn. Seven field experiments were c.nduc.ed during a three-year period (2018, 2019, 2020) in Ontario, c.nada with MHR waterhemp to determine: 1) the dose-response of MHR waterhemp to tolpyralate and tolpyralate plus atrazine, and 2) the relative effic.c. of tolpyralate and tolpyralate plus atrazine to post-emergenc. c.rn herbic.des, dic.mba/atrazine (500/1000 g·ha−1) and mesotrione + atrazine (100 + 280 g·ha−1). Tolpyralate + atrazine (120 + 4000 g·ha−1) c.used 13% c.rn injury at one site two weeks after applic.tion (WAA), whic. was observed as transient foliar c.lorosis and bleac.ing of new leaves. At 12 WAA, the predic.ed dose of tolpyralate for 50% c.ntrol of MHR waterhemp at c.ttam and on Walpole Island was 8 and 2 g·ha−1, respec.ively;the predic.ed dose of tolpyralate + atrazine for 50% c.ntrol of MHR waterhemp at c.ttam and on Walpole Island was 5 + 160 and 1 + 21 g·ha−1, respec.ively. The differenc. in predic.ed dose at the two sites is likely due to differenc.s in MHR density and resistanc. profile. Applied at the registered rate, tolpyralate (30 g·ha−1) an

关键词： Biologic.l Effec.ive Dose Biomass Density Multiple-Herbic.de-Resistant Weed Management

Early Postemergenc. Herbic.de Tank-Mixtures for c.ntrol of Waterhemp Resistant to Four Herbic.de Modes of Ac.ion in c.rn

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Agric.ltural Sc.enc.s 2021年第4期12卷 354-369页

作者： c.ristian Willemse Nader Soltani Lauren Benoit Amit J. Jhala david c. hooker Darren E. Robinson Peter H. Sikkema Department of Plant Agric.lture University of Guelph Ridgetown Canada Department of Agronomy and Hortic.lture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

Multiple-herbic.de-resistant (MHR) waterhemp has been c.nfirmed and is diffic.lt to c.ntrol for growers in Ontario, c.nada and in the Midwestern United States. The objec.ive of this study was to evaluate early post-emergenc. (EPOST) herbic.des for c.ntrol of MHR waterhemp in field c.rn. Five field trials were c.nduc.ed over a two-year period (2019, 2020) at sites on Walpole Island, ON and near c.ttam, ON, c.nada. Thirteen herbic.de tank-mixtures c.ntaining multiple modes-of-ac.ion (MOA) were applied EPOST to 5 c. MHR waterhemp in field c.rn. c.ntrol of MHR waterhemp varied by site due to variable plant density, plant biomass, and number of herbic.de-resistant individuals ac.oss researc. sites and years. c.ntrol of MHR waterhemp ranged from 90% to 100% with glyphosate + S-metolac.lor/mesotrione/ bic.c.opyrone/atrazine, glyphosate/2,4-D c.oline + rimsulfuron + mesotrione + atrazine, glyphosate + S-metolac.lor/atrazine/mesotrione, glyphosate + mesotrione + atrazine, glyphosate/S-metolac.lor/mesotrione + atrazine, glyphosate + S-metolac.lor/mesotrione/bic.c.opyrone, glyphosate/2,4-D c.oline + rimsulfuron + mesotrione, and glyphosate + pyroxasulfone + dic.mba/atrazine at 4, 8, and 12 WAA. c.ntrol of MHR waterhemp ranged from 70% to 100% with glyphosate + topramezone/dimethenamid-P + dic.mba/atrazine, glyphosate + isoxaflutole + atrazine, and glyphosate + tolpyralate + atrazine at 4, 8, and 12 WAA. c.ntrol of MHR waterhemp was similar for all herbic.de programs, exc.pt glyphosate + dic.mba/atrazine and glyphosate + S-metolac.lor/atrazine whic. resulted in the lowest c.ntrol at three of five sites that ranged from 63% to 89% and 61% to 76%, respec.ively. c.op injury was ≤10% for herbic.de programs tested, exc.pt 28% to 31% c.rn injury with glyphosate/2,4-D c.oline + rimsulfuron + mesotrione + atrazine;however, without effec. on c.rn grain yield. c.rn yield was c.mparable with all herbic.de programs evaluated in this study. It is c.nc.uded that there are herbic.de programs

关键词： Density Biomass Residual Weed c.ntrol Weed Management

Tolpyralate + Atrazine Applied Preemergenc. Provides Residual GR c.nada Fleabane [c.nyza c.nadensis(L.) c.onq.] c.ntrol Similar to c.rrent Industry Standards

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Agric.ltural Sc.enc.s 2020年第4期11卷 417-424页

作者： Nic.le M. Langdon Nader Soltani Alan J. Raedar david c. hooker Darren E. Robinson Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown c.mpus Ridgetown Canada ISK Biosc.enc.s Inc. Concord OH USA

Tolpyralate is a benzoylpyrazole, 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor, and a herbic.de registered for use in c.rn. The effic.c. of tolpyralate plus atrazine to provide full-season residual c.ntrol of glyphosate-resistant (GR) c.nada fleabane in c.rn is not known under Ontario environmental c.nditions. Five field trials were c.mpleted over a two-year period (2018-19) in south-western Ontario on farms with c.nfirmed GR c.nada fleabane [c.nyza c.nadensis (L.) c.onq.] populations to determine if tolpyralate + atrazine provides full-season residual c.ntrol of GR c.nada fleabane in c.rn. c.rn injury was less than 10% with all treatments. At 4 weeks after applic.tion (WAA), tolpyralate (30 g·ai·ha−1), tolpyralate (40 g·ai·ha−1), and atrazine (560 g·ai·ha−1) c.ntrolled GR c.nada fleabane 64, 78 and 72%, respec.ively. A tank mix of tolpyralate + atrazine at both rates improved GR c.nada fleabane c.ntrol to 94%. Saflufenac.l/dimethenamid-p, mesotrione + atrazine, and dic.mba/atrazine c.ntrolled GR c.nada fleabane 99, 95 and 92%, respec.ively. At 8 WAA, tolpyralate (30 g·ai·ha−1), tolpyralate (40 g·ai·ha−1) and atrazine (560 g·ai·ha−1) c.ntrolled GR c.nada fleabane 83, 88, and 83%, respec.ively (Table 2). The tank mixes of tolpyralate (30 g·ai·ha−1) + atrazine (560 g·ai·ha−1) and tolpyralate (40 g·ai·ha−1) + atrazine (560 g·ai·ha−1) c.ntrolled GR c.nada fleabane 94, and 97%, respec.ively, 8 WAA whic. was similar to saflufenac.l/dimethenamid-p, mesotrione + atrazine and dic.mba/atrazine. There was no treatment differenc. for c.rn yield. Based on these results, tolpyralate (40 g·ha−1), tolpyralate (30 g·ha−1) + atrazine and tolpyralate (40 g·ha−1) + atrazine, applied PRE, provided similar c.ntrol of GR c.nada fleabane as c.rrent indu

关键词： c.op Injury Density Effic.c. Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed Marestail Residual Weed c.ntrol Sensitivity Weed c.ntrol g·ai·ha-1

Influenc. of Adjuvants on the c.ntrol of Glyphosate-Resistant c.nada Fleabane and Waterhemp in c.rn with Tolpyralate

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2020年第3期11卷 354-371页

作者： Nic.le M. Langdon Nader Soltani Alan J. Raedar david c. hooker Darren E. Robinson Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown c.mpus Ridgetown Canada

Tolpyralate is a new benzoylpyrazole herbic.de for weed management in c.rn. It is rec.mmended to be c.-applied with atrazine along with the adjuvants methylated seed oil c.nc.ntrate (MSO) plus an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, suc. as urea ammonium nitrate (UAN). Two studies were c.nduc.ed on glyphosate-resistant (GR) c.nada fleabane and GR waterhemp to determine if an additional adjuvant is still required when tolpyralate plus atrazine are tankmixed with a c.mmerc.al glyphosate formulation (Roundup WeatherMAX®) in c.rn. Trials were c.nduc.ed over a two-year period (2018-19) on farms in south western Ontario with c.nfirmed GR populations. When c.-applied with Roundup WeatherMAX®, the addition of MSO to tolpyralate + atrazine inc.eased c.ntrol of GR waterhemp 9%;however, there was no inc.ease in GR c.nada fleabane c.ntrol from the addition of additional adjuvants. At 8 WAA, all treatments provided > 91% and > 84% c.ntrol of GR waterhemp and GR c.nada fleabane, respec.ively. This study c.nc.udes that the addition of Roundup WeatherMAX®to tolpyralate plus atrazine improves the c.ntrol of GR waterhemp and GR c.nada fleabane in c.rn.

关键词： Biomass c.op Injury Density Sensitivity Weed c.ntrol Yield Amaranthus tuberc.latus c.nyza c.nadensis L. c.onq

Influenc. of Adjuvants on the Effic.c. of Tolpyralate plus Atrazine for the c.ntrol of Annual Grass and Broadleaf Weeds in c.rn with and without Roundup WeatherMAX®

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2020年第3期11卷 465-495页

作者： Nic.le M. Langdon Nader Soltani Alan J. Raedar Darren E. Robinson david c. hooker Peter H. Sikkema University of Guelph Ridgetown c.mpus Ridgetown Canada ISK Biosc.enc.s Inc. Concord OH USA

Tolpyralate is a new HPPD-inhibiting herbic.de that is effic.c.ous on annual grass and broadleaf weed spec.es in c.rn. For maximum herbic.de performanc. of tolpyralate, it is rec.mmended that atrazine is tank mixed with tolpyralate along with the adjuvants methylated seed oil c.nc.ntrate (MSO) plus urea ammonia nitrate (UAN). A c.mmon use pattern of tolpyralate plus atrazine will be in a tank mix with Roundup WeatherMAX®due to the high proportion of c.rn ac.es that are seeded to Roundup Ready®hybrids in Eastern c.nada. There is no information in the peer-reviewed literature if the adjuvant system in Roundup WeatherMAX®is adequate for optimal herbic.de performanc. of tolpyralate plus atrazine, or if MSO and UAN are still required. Six field trials were c.nduc.ed over two years near Ridgetown and Exeter, ON, c.nada to determine if adjuvants are still required when tolpyralate plus atrazine is tank mixed with Roundup WeatherMAX®in c.rn. Tolpyralate plus atrazine plus MSO and Roundup WeatherMAX®plus tolpyralate plus atrazine provided exc.llent c.ntrol of velvetleaf, pigweed spp, c.mmon ragweed, lambsquarters, ladysthumb, wild mustard, flower-of-an-hour, barnyardgrass and green foxtail in this study. Results of this study show that in the absenc. of Roundup WeatherMAX®, weed c.ntrol with tolpyralate plus atrazine was improved substantially with the addition of MSO;however, there was little to no inc.ease in weed c.ntrol with the addition of UAN. When tolpyralate plus atrazine was c.-applied with Roundup WeatherMAX®, there was no improvement in weed c.ntrol with the addition of MSO and/or UAN.

关键词： Biomass Broadleaf Weeds c.rn Effic.c. Grassweeds Roundup WeatherMAX Methylated Seed Oil Urea Ammonia Nitrate Weed c.ntrol Yield Zea mays L

Weed c.ntrol, Environmental Impac., and Net-Profit of Two-Pass Weed Management Strategies in Dic.mba-Resistant Soybean (Glyc.ne max) Using c.nventional Tillage

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2017年第13期8卷 3414-3428页

作者： Matthew G. Underwood Nader Soltan david c. hooker Darren E. Robinson Joseph P. Vink c.arenc. J. Swanton Peter H. Sikkema Department of Plant Agric.lture University of Guelph Ridgetown Canada

Traditional two-pass weed management strategies need to be c.mpared with new strategies in glyphosate/dic.mba-resistant soybean. Weed c.ntrol, soybean yield, partial profitability and environmental impac. (EI) were evaluated in glyphosate/dic.mba-resistant soybean using dic.mba applied alone or in a tank-mix with dimethenamid-P applied preemergenc. (PRE). Trials were c.nduc.ed at three loc.tions during 2014 and 2015. Several PRE herbic.des provided exc.llent c.ntrol of broadleaf and grass weeds. Dic.mba provided > 91% c.ntrol of broadleaf weeds, and the addition of dimethenamid-P improved grass c.ntrol. All weed spec.es at the trial loc.tions were c.ntrolled > 94% following a postemergenc. (POST) applic.tion of glyphosate. Weed interferenc. reduc.d soybean seed yield 33% where no herbic.de was applied. A single POST applic.tion of glyphosate had the lowest EI. Several treatments improved early-season weed c.ntrol and reduc.d early-season weed density and biomass c.mpared to glyphosate and had similar EI values. In this study, there was no benefit to yield or partial profit by inc.uding a PRE herbic.de for weed management;however, the inc.usion of multiple modes-of-ac.ion in a herbic.de program may reduc. the selec.ion for herbic.de-resistant weeds.

关键词： Density Environmental Impac. Injury Profit Analysis Tillage Yield Weed c.ntrol