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A systematic scoping review of study methodology for randomized controlled trials investigating probiotics in athletic and physically active populations

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 61-71页

作者： Alex E.Mohr david b.pyne Geovana Silva Fogaça Leite Deborah Akins Jamie Pugh College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Research Institute for Sport and Exercise University of CanberraCanberraACT 2617Australia Laboratory of Functional Fermented Food Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-030Brazil Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool L33AFUK

background:The purported ergogenic and health effects of probiotics have been a topic of great intrigue among researchers,practitioners,and the lay public *** has also been an increased research focus within the realm of sports science and exercise medicine on the athletic gut ***,compared to other ergogenic aids and dietary supplements,probiotics present unique study *** objectives of this systematic scoping review were to identify and characterize study methodologies of randomized controlled trials investigating supplementation with probiotics in athletes and physically active ***:Four databases(MEDLINE,CINAHL,Cochrane CENTRAL,and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)were searched for randomized controlled studies involving healthy athletes or physically active *** intervention with probiotics and inclusion of a control and/or placebo group were *** peer-reviewed articles in English were considered,and there were no date *** were extracted and presented in tabular form to detail study protocols,characteristics,and *** in randomized controlled trials was determined with the Rob 2.0 ***:A total of 45 studies were included in the review,with 35 using a parallel group design and 10 using a cross-over *** half the studies used a single probiotic and the other half a multi-strain *** probiotic dose ranged from 2×10^(8)to 1×10^(11)colony forming units daily,and the length of intervention was between 7 and 150 *** than half the studies directly assessed gastrointestinal symptoms,gut permeability,or the gut *** sex ratio of participants was heavily weighted toward males,and only 3 studies exclusively investigated ***-level adverse events were reported in only 2 studies,although the methodology of reporting varied *** risk of bias was generally low,although details on randomization were lacking in some s

关键词： Exercise Experimental methodology Gastrointestinal symptoms Gut microbiota Probiotic supplementation

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Mercury deposition in central China from the Last Glacial Maximum to the early Holocene recorded in an accurately-dated stalagmite

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Science bulletin 2025年第1期70卷 90-95页

作者： Yanzhen Li Liangcheng Tan Simin Jin Hai Xu Lüfan Chen david b.Kemp Ashish Sinha Le Ma Chunju Huang Lawrence R.Edwards Hai Cheng State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi’an 710061China State Key Laboratory of biogeology and Environmental Geology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Department of Earth Science California State University Dominguez HillsCarson CA 90747USA Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN 55455USA Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Characterization of transport pathways and depositional changes in Mercury(Hg)and their connection to climatic and environmental changes on various time scales are crucial for better understanding the anthropogenic impacts on the global Hg cycle in the Anthropocene *** this study,we examined Hg variations recorded in a stalagmite from central China,covering the period from 25.5 to 10.9 thousand years *** data show a marked increase in Hg concentrations during the late Last Glacial Maximum,which coincided with the period of highest dust deposition on the Chinese Loess *** concentrations were lower during Heinrich events 1 and 2 and the Younger Dryas but higher during the bùllingAllerùd and the early *** suggest that regional dust load,which enhances atmospheric dry deposition of Hg,is the primary factor influencing Hg deposition in central China on glacialinterglacial *** millennial-to-centennial timescales,climate also plays a significant *** and wetter conditions increase vegetation,litterfall,and soil/rock weathering,which in turn boost mineral dissolution and soil erosion in the vadose *** processes collectively result in higher Hg concentrations in the stalagmite.

关键词： Speleothem Hg Glacial-interglacial cycle Millennial-to centennial-scale

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Multiscale Co-Oscillation Analysis of Solar Radiation and Air Temperature Using Continuous Wavelet Transform: A Case Study of a Tropical Humid Region, Dangbo, bénin

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2025年第1期15卷 187-199页

作者： Ossénatou Mamadou Djidjoho Renaud Roméo Koukoui david Gnonlonfoun Institut de Mathmatiques et de Sciences Physiques Universit dAbomey-Calavi Dangbo Bnin

The use of solar energy is today widely recognized for the green transition but also for addressing societal challenges associated with the rise in global surface temperature. The design of a photovoltaic solar panel field may require an understanding of how solar radiation oscillates with other variables or factors since multiple interactions occur during its transfer within the atmosphere. In this study, three years of the incoming shortwave radiation (SWin) and air temperature (Tair) data acquired within the “Institut de Mathématiques et de Sciences Physiques” were analyzed using the continuous wavelet transform to extract the inherent variability of these signals. The underlying characteristics meaning the timescale of these variabilities as well as the lead-lag relationship between SWin and Tair were also examined. With the wavelet power spectrum, the highest variability was evidenced at the 2 - 8 band period for the SWin, coinciding almost with that of Tair. This suggests that these two signals are well interconnected at this temporal scale. The results obtained with the phase (∅xy) difference analysis, reveal that SWin leads Tair by ~ 23.5˚ on average when (0 ∅xy∅xyi.e., periods ≤ 32 days), Tair increases with an increasing SWin since the lags between these two signals range between 0.09 - 2.30 days. However, when looking at their interdependence at a larger temporal scale (> 32 days), Tair lags SWin. An increase in SWin might not directly imply an increase in Tair. Overall, these findings give insight into complex relationships across scales between the incoming shortwave radiation and air temperature in a tropical humid region of bénin.

关键词： Solar Radiation Air Temperature Co-Oscillation Wavelet Transform Humid Climate West Africa

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Probing Deeper into the Milky Way for Pulsars

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2025年第1期25卷 9页

作者： david A.Smith Université bordeaux CNRS Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de bordeaux Universitéde BordeauxCNRSB18Nallée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire

The FAST radio telescope has significantly better sensitivity than any other current radio ***,FAST has discovered over a thousand new pulsars in sky regions already searched for 50 *** Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot(GPPS) survey found three-quarters of these new *** article by Han et al.(2025) details the latest batch of 473discoveries,bringing the total to *** 473 new pulsars enable diverse *** are millisecond pulsars (MSPs) spinning perfectly smoothly:Nature's most precise clocks,they will likely contribute to measurements of nanohertz gravitational waves from pairs of supermassive black holes in distant *** have spindown and binary orbits perturbed by the pulsar's intense plasma wind blasting its stellar companion—these test models of binary *** star mass measurements from such systems constrain the nuclear equation of state.

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Dependence of Specific Impulse of Metal-free Formulations on CHNO-oxidizer′s Element Content and Enthalpy of Formation

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火炸药学报 2015年第4期38卷 1-4页

作者： david b.LEMPERT Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences Semenov av.1ChernogolovkaMoscow Region 142432 Russia

It is shown that it is not correct to estimate energetic characteristics of different compounds of solid composite propellants by evaluation of the specific impulse values of these components serving as an only component in the *** an approach may turn the researcher to a wrong *** has to compare compound′s potential in formulations close to real,*** least with necessary amount of *** of specific impulse upon element content of highenthalpy CHNO oxidizer,its enthalpy of formation,and kind of binder have been found.

关键词： solid composite propellants high-enthalpy oxidizer energetic parameters estimation specific impulse

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Measuring,processing,and generating partially coherent light with self-configuring optics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第11期13卷 2726-2733页

作者： Charles Roques-Carmes Shanhui Fan david A.b.Miller E.L.Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University348 Via PuebloStanfordCA 94305USA

Optical phenomena always display some degree of partial coherence between their respective degrees of *** coherence is of particular interest in multimodal systems,where classical and quantum correlations between spatial,polarization,and spectral degrees of freedom can lead to fascinating phenomena(e.g.,entanglement)and be leveraged for advanced imaging and sensing modalities(e.g.,in hyperspectral,polarization,and ghost imaging).Here,we present a universal method to analyze,process,and generate spatially partially coherent light in multimode systems by using self-configuring optical *** method relies on cascaded self-configuring layers whose average power outputs are sequentially *** optimized,the network separates the input light into its mutually incoherent components,which is formally equivalent to a diagonalization of the input density *** illustrate our method with numerical simulations of Mach-Zehnder interferometer arrays and show how this method can be used to perform partially coherent environmental light sensing,generation of multimode partially coherent light with arbitrary coherency matrices,and unscrambling of quantum optical *** provide guidelines for the experimental realization of this method,including the influence of losses,paving the way for self-configuring photonic devices that can automatically learn optimal modal representations of partially coherent light fields.

关键词： coherent modal generating

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The great catastrophe: causes of the Permo-Triassic marine mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 37-50页

作者： Paul b.Wignall david P.G.bond School of Earth & Environment University of Leeds School of Environmental Sciences University of Hull

The marine losses during the Permo-Triassic mass extinction were the worst ever experienced. All groups were badly affected, especially amongst the benthos(e.g. brachiopods, corals, bryozoans, foraminifers,ostracods). Planktonic populations underwent a fundamental change with eukaryotic algae being replaced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, green-sulphur bacteria, sulphate-reducing bacteria and prasinophytes. Detailed studies of boundary sections, especially those in South China, have resolved the crisis to a ～55 kyr interval straddling the Permo-Triassic boundary. Many of the losses occur at the beginning and end of this interval painting a picture of a two-phase extinction. Improved knowledge of the extinction has been supported by numerous geochemical studies that allow diverse proposed extinction mechanisms to be studied. A transition from oxygenated to anoxic-euxinic conditions is seen in most sections globally, although the intensity and timing shows regional variability. Decreased ocean ventilation coincides with rapidly rising temperatures and many extinction scenarios attribute the losses to both anoxia and high *** kill mechanisms include ocean acidification for which there is conflicting support from geochemical proxies and, even less likely, siltation(burial under a massive influx of terrigenous sediment) which lacks substantive sedimentological evidence. The ultimate driver of the catastrophic changes at the end of the Permian was likely Siberian Trap eruptions and their associated carbon dioxide emissions with consequences such as warming, ocean stagnation and acidification. Volcanic winter episodes stemming from Siberian volcanism have also been linked to the crisis, but the short-term nature of these episodes(boreal latitudes

关键词： ocean anoxia ocean acidification siltation productivity collapse volcanic winter

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Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina Hromada Patrick Heimel Markus Kerbl LászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger barbara Schaedl James Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.Heinzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas H.Teuschl-Woller david Hercher Department Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Ludwig boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of Hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGCs). However, the use of tNGCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGCs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGCs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGCs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

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Three-Dimensional Sub-100 nm Super-Resolution Imaging of biological Samples Using a Phase Ramp in the Objective Pupil

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Nano Research 2011年第6期4卷 589-598页

作者： david baddeley Mark b. Cannell Christian Soeller Department of Physiology University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand

Localisation microscopy overcomes the diffraction limit by measuring the position of individual molecules to obtain optical images with a lateral resolution better than 30 nm. Single molecule localisation microscopy was originally demonstrated only in two dimensions but has recently been extended to three dimensions. Here we develop a new approach to three-dimensional （3D） localisation microscopy by engineering of the point-spread function （PSF） of a fluorescence microscope. by introducing a linear phase gradient between the two halves of the objective pupil plane the PSF is split into two lateral lobes whose relative position depends on defocus. Calculations suggested that the phase gradient resulting from the very small tolerances in parallelism of conventional slides made from float glass would be sufficient to generate a two-lobed PSF. We demonstrate that insertion of a suitably chosen microscope slide that occupies half the objective aperture combined with a novel fast fitting algorithm for 3D localisation estimation allows nanoscopic imaging with detail resolution well below 100 nm in all three dimensions （standard deviations of 20, 16, and 42 nm in x, y, and z directions, respectively）. The utility of the approach is shown by imaging the complex 3D distribution of microtubules in cardiac muscle cells that were stained with conventional near infrared fluorochromes. The straightforward optical setup, minimal hardware requirements and large axial localisation range make this approach suitable for many nanoscopic imaging applications.

关键词： Single molecules nanoscopy point-spread function engineering immunocytochemistry localisation microscopy

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Inhibiting the kynurenine pathway in spinal cord injury: multiple therapeutic potentials?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第12期13卷 2073-2076页

作者： Kelly R.Jacobs david b.Lovejoy Neuroinflammation Group Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University

Chronic induction of the kynurenine pathway（KP） contributes to neuroinflammation by producing the excitotoxin quinolinic acid（QUIN）. This has led to significant interest in the development of inhibitors of this pathway, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative disease. However, acute spinal cord injury（SCI） also results in deleterious increases in QUIN, as secondary inflammatory processes mediated largely by infiltrating macrophages, become predominant. QUIN mediates significant neurotoxicity primarily by excitotoxic stimulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, but other mechanisms of QUIN toxicity are known. More recent focus has assessed the contribution that neuroinflammation and modulations in the KP make in mood and psychiatric disorders with recent studies linking inflammation and modulations in the KP, to impaired cognitive performance and depressed mood in SCI patients. We hypothesize that these findings suggest that in SCI, inhibition of QUIN production and other metabolites, may have multiple therapeutic modalities and further studies investigating this are warranted. However, for central nervous system-based conditions, achieving good blood-brain-barrier permeability continues to be a limitation of current KP inhibitors.

关键词： spinal cord injury neuroinflammation kynurenine pathway activated microglia infiltrating macrophages quinolinic acid neuropsychiatry depression

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