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Mutifactorial analysis of risk factors for reduced bone mineral density in patients with Crohn’s disease

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第35期12卷 5680-5686页

作者： Sarah A Bartram Robert T Peaston david J Rawlings david walshaw Roger M Francis Nick P Thompson Musculoskeletal unit Freeman HospitalNewcastle-upon-Tyne United Kingdom Department of Biochemistry Freeman Hospital Newcastle-upon-Tyne United Kingdom Regional Medical Physics Department Newcastle General Hospital United Kingdom Dept of Statistics University of Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom Musculoskeletal unit Freeman Hospital Newcastle-upon-Tyne United Kingdom Department of Medicine Freeman Hospital Newcastle-upon-Tyne United Kingdom

AIM: To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis in a cohort of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and to identify the relative significance of risk factors for osteoporosis. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-eight unselected patients (92 M, 166 F) with CD were studied. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine and hip by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Bone formation was assessed by measuring bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) and bone resorption by measuring urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and N-telopeptide (NTX). RESULTS: Between 11.6%-13.6% patients were osteoporotic (T score < -2.5) at the lumbar spine and/or hip. NTX levels were significantly higher in the patients with osteoporosis (P < 0.05) but BSAP and DPD levels were not significantly different. Independent risk factors for osteoporosis at either the lumbar spine or hip were a low body mass index (P < 0.001), increasing corticosteroid use (P < 0.005), and male sex (P < 0.01). These factors combined accounted for 23% and 37% of the reduction in BMD at the lumbar spine and hip respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that osteoporosis is common in patients with CD and suggest that increased bone resorption is the mechanism responsible for thebone loss. However, less than half of the reduction in BMD can be attributed to risk factors such as corticosteroid use and low BMI and therefore remains unexplained.

关键词： Crohn's disease Osteoporosis Osteopenia Bone mineral density

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Extreme fire weather is the major driver of severe bushfires in southeast Australia

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Science Bulletin 2022年第6期67卷 655-664,M0004页

作者： Bin Wang Allan C.Spessa Puyu Feng Xin Hou Chao Yue Jing-Jia Luo Philippe Ciais Cathy Waters Annette Cowie Rachael H.Nolan Tadas Nikonovas Huidong Jin Henry walshaw Jinghua Wei Xiaowei Guo De Li Liu Qiang Yu State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga Wagga 2650Australia Department of Geography College of ScienceSwansea UniversitySingleton ParkSwansea SA28PPUK College of Land Science and Technology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Institute for Climate and Application Research(ICAR)/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education(KLME) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQGif sur Yvette F-91191France New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Dubbo 2830Australia New South Wales Department of Primary Industries Armidale 2351Australia School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidale 2351Australia Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney UniversityPenrith 2751Australia CSIRO Data61 Canberra 2601Australia Python Charmers Pty Ltd Hawthorn 3122Australia Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXining 810008China Climate Change Research Centre University of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

In Australia,the proportion of forest area that burns in a typical fire season is less than for other vegetation ***,the 2019-2020 austral spring-summer was an exception,with over four times the previous maximum area burnt in southeast Australian temperate *** forest fires have extensive socio-economic,human health,greenhouse gas emissions,and biodiversity impacts due to high fire intensities.A robust model that identifies driving factors of forest fires and relates impact thresholds to fire activity at regional scales would help land managers and fire-fighting agencies prepare for potentially hazardous fire in ***,we developed a machine-learning diagnostic model to quantify nonlinear relationships between monthly burnt area and biophysical factors in southeast Australian forests for 2001-2020 on a 0.25°grid based on several biophysical parameters,notably fire weather and vegetation *** model explained over 80%of the variation in the burnt *** identified that burnt area dynamics in southeast Australian forest were primarily controlled by extreme fire weather,which mainly linked to fluctuations in the Southern Annular Mode(SAM)and Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD),with a relatively smaller contribution from the central Pacific El Niño Southern Oscillation(ENSO).Our fire diagnostic model and the non-linear relationships between burnt area and environmental covariates can provide useful guidance to decision-makers who manage preparations for an upcoming fire season,and model developers working on improved early warning systems for forest fires.

关键词： Remote sensing Forest fires Climate drivers Burnt area modelling Machine learning Southeast Australia

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囊性纤维化的诊断和治疗:NICE指南摘要

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英国医学杂志中文版 2022年第7期25卷 406-411页

作者： Gemma Villanueva Gemma Marceniuk M Stephen Murphy Martin walshaw Rami Cosulich 齐进春(译) 董强(校) National Guideline Alliance Royal College of Obstetricians and GynaecologistsLondon Regional Cystic Fibrosis Clinic Liverpool Heart and Chest HospitalUniversity of LiverpoolUK 河北医科大学第二医院泌尿外科四川大学华西医院泌尿外科

囊性纤维化是一种影响寿命的常染色体隐性遗传疾病,在英国出生的婴儿中,该病的发病率为1/2500。囊性纤维化是一种多系统疾病,它的发病原因为细胞膜表面的囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节蛋白突变,进而影响体内所有产生黏液的器官,包括肺、胰腺... 详细信息

囊性纤维化是一种影响寿命的常染色体隐性遗传疾病,在英国出生的婴儿中,该病的发病率为1/2500。囊性纤维化是一种多系统疾病,它的发病原因为细胞膜表面的囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节蛋白突变,进而影响体内所有产生黏液的器官,包括肺、胰腺、肝和肠。在英国,该病通常通过新生儿筛查即可做出诊断,确诊的平均年龄为2月龄,也有一些患者在更大年龄甚至在成年后才被发现1。

关键词：囊性纤维化新生儿筛查多系统疾病常染色体隐性遗传疾病发病原因

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应用动态胸片评估囊性纤维化致肺部病变加重的治疗

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国际医学放射学杂志 2022年第4期 485-485页

作者： T.S.Fitz Maurice C.Mc Cann D.S.Nazareth P.S.Mc Namara M.J.walshaw 任航莹

摘要尽管肺活量测定是管理囊性纤维化（CF）病人肺部病变加重的重要标志，但它是一个强迫性的操作并产生气溶胶，因此在某些病人中可能难以执行。动态胸片（DCR）在透

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用紫外线A和B荧光灯作多形性日光疹诱发试验

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2005年第4期1卷 11-12页

作者： Das S. Lloyd J.J. walshaw D. Farr P.M. 冯义国 Department of Dermatology Royal Victoria Infirmary Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP United Kingdom Prof.

Background: Provocation testing is frequently performed during investigation of patients with suspected polymorphic light eruption(PLE). Techniques are not standardized between centres. Objectives: We sought to evaluate the efficacy of different fluorescent ultraviolet(UV) radiation lamps for provocation testing in PLE. Methods: We analysed results in 68 patients referred consecutively for phototesting in whom a diagnosis of PLE seemed likely based on clinical history. Patients’case notes were reviewed and responses recorded to provocation testing on forearm skin over three consecutive days using broadband UVA, narrowband and broadband UVB lamps. Results: A positive papular response to broadband UVA exposure was seen in 38 patients [56%, estimated 95%population confidence interval (CI) 43-67.9]. Thirty-four patients (50%) had a positive papular response to narrowband UVB exposure (95%CI 37.6-62.4). The probability of a positive provocation test following irradiation with both lamps was 80.9%(95%CI 69.5-89.4). From April 1999, 34 patients also had provocation testing with broadband UVB. Although six patients (18%) had a positive papular response, they all showed a positive response to one or both of the other lamp types. Conclusions: Provocation testing with fluorescent UVA and UVB lamps is a cheap and readily available method that can be used as a diagnostic aid to investigate patients with suspected PLE. Using both broadband UVA and narrowbandUVB lamps for testing increases the likelihood of confirming the diagnosis than if either lamp is used alone.

关键词：多形性日光疹诱发试验激发试验临床病史病历记录前臂皮肤阳性反应辅助诊断

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