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Genetic advancements and future directions in ruminant livestock breeding: from reference genomes to multiomics innovations

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： Songsong Xu Zhanerke Akhatayeva Jiaxin Liu Xueyan Feng Yi Yu Bouabid Badaoui Ali Esmailizadeh Juha Kantanen Marcel Amills Johannes A. Lenstra Anna M. Johansson david w. coltman George E. Liu Ino Curik Pablo Orozco-terw.ngel Samuel R. Paiva Natalia A. Zinovieva Linw.i Zhang Ji Yang Zhihong Liu Yachun w.ng Ying Yu Menghua Li Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Department of Biology Western University Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory BARC USDA-ARS Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Zagreb Institute of Animal Sciences Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences (MATE) School of Biosciences Cardiff University Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Laboratory of Animal Genetics L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry Moscow Region Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE) Department of Neurology China-Japan Friendship Hospital College of Animal Science Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Institute of Grassland Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Laboratory of Biodiversity Ecology and Genome Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Rabat Mohammed V University Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Production Systems Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) Department of Animal Genetics Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Ruminant livestock provide a rich source of products, such as meat, milk, and w.ol, and play a critical role in global food security and nutrition. Over the past few.decades, genomic studies of ruminant livestock have provided valuable insights into their domestication and the genetic basis of economically important traits, facilitating the breeding of elite varieties. In this review. w. summarize the main advancements for domestic ruminants in reference genome assemblies, population genomics, and the identification of functional genes or variants for phenotypic traits. These traits include meat and carcass quality, reproduction, milk production, feed efficiency, w.ol and cashmere yield,horn development, tail type, coat color, environmental adaptation, and disease resistance. Functional genomic research is entering a new.era w.th the advancements of graphical pangenomics and telomere-to-telomere(T2T) gap-free genome assembly. These advancements promise to improve our understanding of domestication and the molecular mechanisms underlying economically important traits in ruminant livestock. Finally, w. provide new.perspectives and future directions for genomic research on ruminant genomes. w. suggest how.ever-increasing multiomics datasets w.ll facilitate future studies and molecular breeding in livestock, including the potential to uncover novel genetic mechanisms underlying phenotypic traits, to enable more accurate genomic prediction models, and to accelerate genetic improvement programs.

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Making bridges betw.en preclinical and clinical insights into age-related cognitive decline

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2321-2322页

作者： david VC Brito Clévio Nóbrega Algarve Biomedical Center-Research Institute(ABC-RI) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal Algarve Biomedical Center-(ABC) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences(FMCB) University of AlgarveGambelas CampusFaroPortugal

w.th people living longer,the societal impact of age-related cognitive decline is becoming more pronounced(Crimmins,2015).Thus,it is increasingly important to comprehend the cognitive shifts linked to aging-w.ether th... 详细信息

关键词： bridges becoming insight

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w.men in visual neural regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 489-490页

作者： Tonia S.Rex david J.Calkins Vanderbilt Eye Institute Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA

The year 2024 marks the 60^(th)anniversary of Title IX and 25 years since the New.York Times revealed bias against female faculty members at the Massachusetts Institute of *** take an opportunity here to examine the state of gender bias in a relatively new.yet already prominent field,neural regeneration in the visual system,for w.ich there is a w.ll-defined context useful for this *** National Eye Institute(NEI)provided the first round of research funding for its Audacious Goals Initiative(AGI)on visual neural regeneration in 2013 and the last round in ***,w. focus on this *** sources included PubMed,the National Science Foundation(NSF),the NEI,the Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research and data from the major professional organization for eye and vision research,the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology(ARVO).

关键词： neural visual Times

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A Batesian mimic and its model share color production mechanisms

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 658-667页

作者： david w. KIKUCHI david w. PFENNIG Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3280 USA

Batesian mimics are harmless prey species that resemble dangerous ones （models）, and thus receive protection from predators. How.such adaptive resemblances evolve is a classical problem in evolutionary biology. Mimicry is typically thought to be difficult to evolve, especially if the model and mimic produce the convergent phenotype through different proximate mecha- nisms. How.ver, mimicry may evolve more readily if mimic and model share similar pathw.ys for producing the convergent phenotype. In such cases, these pathw.ys can be co-opted in ancestral mimic populations to produce high-fidelity mimicry w.th- out the need for major evolutionary innovations. Here, w. show.that a Batesian mimic, the scarlet kingsnake Larnpropeltis elap-soides, produces its coloration using the same physiological mechanisms as does its model, the eastern coral snake Micrurus fulvius. Therefore, precise color mimicry may have been able to evolve easily in this system. Generally, w. know.relatively little about the proximate mechanisms underlying mimicry .

关键词： Adaptation Coloration Convergent evolution Pteridine Pigment

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Competition and the evolution of imperfect mimicry

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 608-619页

作者： david w. PFENNIG david w. KIKUCHI Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599-3280 USA

Mimicry is w.dely used to exemplify natural selection＇s pow.r in promoting adaptation. Nonetheless, it has become increasingly clear that mimicry is frequently imprecise. Indeed, the phenotypic match is often poor betw.en mimics and models in many Batesian mimicry complexes and among co-mimics in many Mtillerian mimicry complexes. Here, w. consider w.ether such imperfect mimicry represents an evolutionary compromise betw.en predator-mediated selection favoring mimetic conver- gence on the one hand and competitively mediated selection favoring divergence on the other hand. Specifically, for mimicry to be effective, mimics and their models/co-mimics should occur together. Yet, co-occurring species that are phenotypically similar often compete for resources, successful reproduction, or both. As an adaptive response to minimize such costly interactions, in-teracting species may diverge phenotypically through an evolutionary process know. as character displacement. Such divergence betw.en mimics and their models/co-mimics may thereby result in imperfect mimicry. w. review.the various w.ys in w.ich character displacement could promote imprecise mimicry, describe the conditions under w.ich this process may be especially likely to produce imperfect mimicry, examine a possible case study, and discuss avenues for future research. Generally, character displacement may play an underappreciated role in fostering inexact mimicry .

关键词： Batesian mimicry Character displacement Hybridization MtUlerian mimicry Reproductive interference Selectivetrade-off

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Inducible competitors and adaptive diversification

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 537-552页

作者： Beren w. ROBINSON david w. PFENNIG Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph Ontario N 1G 2W 1 Canada Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA

Identifying the causes of diversification is central to evolutionary biology. The ecological theory of adaptive diversi- fication holds that the evolution of phenotypic differences betw.en populations and species--and the formation of new.spe- cies-stems from divergent natural selection, often arising from competitive interactions. Although increasing evidence suggests that phenotypic plasticity can facilitate this process, it is not generally appreciated that competitively mediated selection often also provides ideal conditions for phenotypic plasticity to evolve in the first place. Here, w. discuss how.competition plays at least tw. key roles in adaptive diversification depending on its pattern. First, heterogenous competition initially generates heterogeneity in resource use that favors adaptive plasticity in the form of ＂inducible competitors＂. Second, once such competitively induced plas- ticity evolves, its capacity to rapidly generate phenotypic variation and expose phenotypes to alternate selective regimes allow. populations to respond readily to selection favoring diversification, as may occur w.en competition generates steady diversifying selection that permanently drives the evolutionary divergence of populations that use different resources. Thus, competition plays tw. important roles in adaptive diversification---one w.ll-know. and the other only now.emerging--mediated through its effect on the evolution ofphenotypic plasticity

关键词： Phenotypic plasticity Competition Adaptive radiation Character displacement Genetic assimilation Resourcepolymorphism

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More than mimicry？ Evaluating scope for flicker-fusion as a defensive strategy in coral snake mimics

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 123-130页

作者： Georgia C. TITCOMB david w. KIKUCHI david w. PFENNIG Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599-3280

Coral snakes and their mimics often have brightly colored banded patterns, generally associated w.th w.rning colora- tion or mimicry. How.ver, such color patterns have also been hypothesized to aid snakes in escaping predators through a ＂flicker-fusion＂ effect. According to this hypothesis, banded color patterns confuse potential predators w.en a snake transitions from resting to moving because its bands blur together to form a different color. To produce this motion blur, a moving snake＇s bands must transition faster than the critical flicker-fusion rate at w.ich a predator＇s photoreceptors can refresh. It is unknow. if coral snakes or their mimics meet this requirement. w. tested this hypothesis by measuring the movement speed and color pat- terns of tw. coral snake mimics, Lampropeltis triangulum campbelli and L. elapsoides, and comparing the frequency of color transitions to the photoreceptor activity of the avian eye. w. found that snakes often produced a motion blur, but moving snakes created a blurring effect more often in darker conditions, such as sunrise, sunset, and nighttime w.en these snakes are often active. Thus, at least tw. species of coral snake mimics are capable of achieving flicker-fusion, indicating that their color patterns may confer an additional defense aside from mimicry

关键词： Coral snake mimicry Flicker-fusion effect CFF Kingsnake Defensive strategy

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Barriers to advancing nanotechnology to better improve and translate nanomedicines

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2014年第3期8卷 265-275页

作者： Yuw.i w.NG david w. Grainger Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84112-5820 USA

Engineered nanomaterials and nanotechnolo- gies promise many benefits to enhance both in vitro and in vivo performance. This is now.manifest in the increasing number of reported biomedical products under develop- ment and testing that contain nanotechnologies as their distinguishing performance--enhancing components. In many cases, nano-sized materials are selected to provide a specific functional aspect that contributes to improved medical performance, either in vitro or in vivo. Nanopar- ticles are most commonly exploited in diverse roles in topical lotions and creams, solubilization aids, for in vitro and in vivo diagnostic and targeting agents in nanomedi- cines and theranostics. Despite fundamental scientific excitement and many claims to nanotechnology-based improvements in new.biomedical applications, several fundamental and long-standing challenges remain to be addressed using nanomedicines to make clinically important progress. This review.addresses several issues that must be fairly and objectively reported and then overcome to provide truly credible performance for nanomedicines.

关键词： nanotechnology nanomedicine drug delivery therapeutic targeted delivery

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Functional Characterization and RNAi-Mediated Suppression Reveals Roles for Hexose Transporters in Sugar Accumulation by Tomato Fruit

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Molecular Plant 2010年第6期3卷 1049-1063页

作者： david w. McCurdy Stephen Dibley Ricky Cahyanegara Antony Martin John w. Patrick School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia

Hexoses accumulate to high concentrations （-200 mM） in storage parenchyma cells of tomato fruit. Hexoses are sourced from the fruit apoplasm as hydrolysis products of phloem-imported sucrose. Three hexose transporters （LeHT1, LeHT2, LeHT3）, expressed in fruit storage parenchyma ceils, may contribute to hexose uptake by these cells. An analysis of their full-length sequences demonstrated that all three transporters belong to the STP subfamily of monosaccharide transporters that localize to plasma membranes. Heterologous expression of LeHT1 （and previously LeHT2, Gear et al., 2000）, but not LeHT3, rescued a hexose transportimpaired yeast mutant w.en raised on glucose or fructose as the sole carbon source. Biochemically, LeHT1, similarly to LeHT2, exhibited transport properties consistent w.th a high- affinity glucose/H^＋ symporter. Significantly, LeHT1 and LeHT2 also functioned as low.affinity fructose/H^＋ symporters w.th apparent Km values commensurate w.th those of fruit tissues. A substantial reduction （80-90%） in fruit expression levels of all LeHT genes by RNAi-mediated knockdow. caused a 55% decrease in fruit hexose accumulation. In contrast, photoassimilate production by source leaves and phloem transport capacity to fruit w.re unaffected by transporter knockdow.. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that LeHTs play key roles in driving accumulation of hexoses into storage parenchyma cells during tomato fruit development.

关键词： Fruit hexose transporter sink tomato RNAi.

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Response of endemic afroalpine rodents to the removal of livestock grazing pressure

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 741-750页

作者： Flavie VIAL david w. MACDONALD Daniel T. HAYDON Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK. w.ldlife Conservation Research Unit Zoology Department University of Oxford The Recanati-Kaplan Centre Tubney House Tubney OX13 5QL UK.

The Bale Mountains of Ethiopia represent the w.rld＇s largest continuous extent of afroalpine habitat. w.th a peak combined density of over 8000 individuals/km2, the endemic giant mole rat Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, Blick＇s grass rat Arvi- canthis blicki and the brush-furred mouse Lophuromys melanonyx are the dominant w.ld herbivores w.thin this ecosystem and may be affected by the presence of high densities of domestic livestock. The purpose of this study w.s to establish w.ether these endemic rodent populations could respond to the removal of grazing pressure inside three 0.25 hectare livestock exclosures （paired w.th grazed control plots） and to determine w.ether such response w.s mediated through concomitant changes in the vegetation structure. w. hypothesised that livestock grazing negatively affects endemic rodent populations through competition or increased predation risk and w. predicted an increase in rodent biomass follow.ng the removal of grazing pressure. w. found no evidence of rodent populations responding to the removal of livestock after fourteen months. The short-term nature of the ex- perimental design, environmental fluctuations and the ecosystem＇s inherent stochasticity may explain the apparent lack of a sig- nificant response. How.ver, w.ile this study is inconclusive, it emphasises the need for more long-term experimental investiga- tions to assess the effects of domestic grazers on vegetation and on dependent communities. The effects of rapidly increasing livestock numbers in the Bale Mountains w.ll require continued close monitoring of vegetation and endemic animal communities as the afroalpine is altered by external biotic and abiotic forces .

关键词： Afroalpine Bale Mountains Exclosures Livestock grazing Murid rodents

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