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Attitude, Practice, and Factors Affecting Contraceptive Use among Women Attending Postnatal Care in a Tertiary Health Facility in Jos North LGA, Plateau State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第8期12卷 814-831页

作者： Kingsley Chinedu Okafor david victor omeiza Lucy Ochanya Idoko Effiong Anne Inyangobong Ochuma Emmanuel Unubi Amos Paul Bassi Department of Community Medicine & Primary Health Care Bingham University Karu Nigeria Community Health and Primary Health Care Bingham University Karu Nigeria

The high population growth rate has been associated with the increased level of poverty, morbidity, mortality, and decreased life expectancy. Modern contraception is an important factor in controlling fertility through prevention of unintended and unwanted pregnancies. Contraception (birth control) prevents pregnancy by interfering with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, and implantation. Contraceptive use is still very low in Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where the levels of fertility and unmet need for family planning are high. The attitude of women toward contraception will usually affect the practice and utilization of contraceptives. The objective of this study is to assess the attitude, prevalence, and factors affecting contraceptive use among women attending Postnatal care in a tertiary health facility in Jos North L. G. A Plateau State, Nigeria. There was a descriptive cross-sectional study done between September to October 2019, with a sample size of 250 women. Respondents were determined using a multi-stage sampling method. Data collection was done using an interviewer-administered, pre-tested, structured questionnaire. The data was collected, entered, and analyzed using IBM Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Most women have a positive attitude 162 (64.8%) toward contraception while 88 (35.2%) had negative attitude toward contraception. Three quarters (75.2%) of women are willing to use contraception. The prevalence of contraceptive use among respondents was 35.6% while the prevalence of previous use of contraceptives among the respondents was 71.2%. Fifty (27.9%) used condom (barrier method), 40 (22.9%) used withdrawal method. Majority of the other respondents were spread across OCPs, injectables and implants. Major factors affecting the use of contraceptives were majorly attributed to informed choice with 60.1%, Partner’s decision (44.1%) and mild or no adverse reaction (12.8%). While major factors preventing use were lack of interest in 69.4%, partners’

关键词： Attitude Contraception Postnatal Women

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Qualitative Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Contraceptives among Women Attending Postnatal Care in a Health Facility in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第8期12卷 706-718页

作者： Kingsley Chinedu Okafor Lucy Ochanya Idoko Emmanuel Unubi Ochuma Anne Inyangobong Effiong david victor omeiza Amos Paul Bassi Department of Community Medicine & Primary Health Care Bingham University Karu Nigeria Community Health and Primary Health Care Bingham University Karu Nigeria

Background: Contraceptive acceptance and utilization in society has been a huge challenge for communities in developing countries. There is a need to support the increase in the utilization of contraception and family planning services. In all this, good knowledge and practice of contraception services will enable women to select the best methods. The study seeks to qualitatively assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of contraceptive use among women attending postnatal care in a health facility in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State in September 2019. This study utilized Focus Group Discussions among 36 women recruited using the purposive sampling technique. There were four (4) sessions involving nine (9) women per session. Findings: Of the 36 women, a majority (88.9%) had positive perception regarding contraception, all agreed that contraception and family planning is beneficial to families and communities. A majority felt that communities are yet to accept contraception. Most (83.3%) of the women had good knowledge of contraception. Three-quarters (77.8%) of the women have used contraception in the past, and about half (41.7%) are using it currently. Attitude towards adoption of contraceptives after current pregnancy was generally good. About half (52.7%) of the participants stated they required spousal approval before they adopt a method of contraception. Conclusion: There is a need for health agencies, development partners, and government to continue the health education, community sensitization, and support towards making contraception and family planning commodities available and accessible.

关键词： Contraception Family Planning Knowledge Practice Women

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Real-time ore sorting using color and texture analysis

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2023年第6期33卷 659-674页

作者： david G.Shatwell victor Murray Augusto Barton Hochschild Mining PLC La Colonia 180Lima 15023Peru Department of Electrical Engineering Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia-UTECLima 15063Peru John A.Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridge 02134USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New MexicoAlbuquerque 87131USA

Sensor-based ore sorting is a technology used to classify high-grade mineralized rocks from low-grade waste rocks to reduce operation costs.Many ore-sorting algorithms using color images have been proposed in the past,but only some validate their results using mineral grades or optimize the algorithms to classify rocks in real-time.This paper presents an ore-sorting algorithm based on image processing and machine learning that is able to classify rocks from a gold and silver mine based on their grade.The algorithm is composed of four main stages:(1)image segmentation and partition,(2)color and texture feature extraction,(3)sub-image classification using neural networks,and(4)a voting system to determine the overall class of the rock.The algorithm was trained using images of rocks that a geologist manually classified according to their mineral content and then was validated using a different set of rocks analyzed in a laboratory to determine their gold and silver grades.The proposed method achieved a Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.961 points,higher than other classification algorithms based on support vector machines and convolutional neural networks,and a processing time under 44 ms,promising for real-time ore sorting applications.

关键词： Ore sorting Image color analysis Image texture analysis Machine learning

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Impact of payment source, referral site, and place of residence on outcomes after allogeneic transplantation in Mexico

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 76-87页

作者： Andrés Gómez-De León Yesica A López-Mora Valeria García-Zárate Ana Varela-Constantino Sergio U Villegas-De Leon Xitlaly J González-Leal Raúl del Toro-Mijares Anna C Rodríguez-Zúñiga Juan F Barrios-Ruiz victor Mingura-Ledezma Perla R Colunga-Pedraza Olga G Cantú-Rodríguez César H Gutiérrez-Aguirre Luz Tarín-Arzaga Elías E González-López david Gómez-Almaguer Hematology Service Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónFacultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario Dr.JoséEleuterio GonzálezMonterrey 64460Nuevo LeónMexico Hemato-logy Service Clínica Gómez AlmaguerMonterrey 64710Nuevo LeónMexico Hematology Service Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de MonterreyTec SaludEscuela de Medicina Ignacio SantosMonterrey 64710Nuevo LeónMexico

BACKGROUND The impact of social determinants of health in allogeneic transplant recipients in low-and middle-income countries is poorly described.This observational study analyzes the impact of place of residence,referring institution,and transplant cost coverage(out-of-pocket vs government-funded vs private insurance)on outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(alloHSCT)in two of Mexico's largest public and private institutions.AIM To evaluate the impact of social determinants of health and their relationship with outcomes among allogeneic transplant recipients in Mexico.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study,we included adolescents and adults≥16 years who received a matched sibling or haploidentical transplant from 2015-2022.Participants were selected without regard to their diagnosis and were sourced from both a private clinic and a public University Hospital in Mexico.Three payment groups were compared:Out-of-pocket(OOP),private insurance,and a federal Universal healthcare program“Seguro Popular”.Outcomes were compared between referred and institution-diagnosed patients,and between residents of Nuevo Leon and out-of-state.Primary outcomes included overall survival(OS),categorized by residence,referral,and payment source.Secondary outcomes encompassed early mortality,event-free-survival,graft-versus-host-relapse-free survival,and non-relapse-mortality(NRM).Statistical analyses employed appropriate tests,Kaplan-Meier method,and Cox proportional hazard regression modeling.Statistical software included SPSS and R with tidycmprsk library.RESULTS Our primary outcome was overall survival.We included 287 patients,n=164 who lived out of state(57.1%),and n=129 referred from another institution(44.9%).The most frequent payment source was OOP(n=139,48.4%),followed by private insurance(n=75,26.1%)and universal coverage(n=73,25.4%).No differences in OS,event-free-survival,NRM,or graft-versus-host-relapse-free survival were observed for patients diagnosed locally vs in another institution,nor pat

关键词： Hematopoietic cell transplant Social determinants of health Geography Haploidentical Out-of-pocket Financial toxicity Survival Health services and outcomes Hematopoietic malignancy Aplastic anemia

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Women’s health issues in solid organ transplantation:Breast and gynecologic cancers in the post-transplant population

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World Journal of Transplantation 2023年第4期13卷 129-137页

作者： Michelle Jones-Pauley Sudha Kodali Tamneet Basra david W victor Department of Gastroenterology Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX 77008United States Department of Transplant Hepatology Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX 77030United States

The success of solid organ transplant has steadily improved which has led to a unique set of post-transplant issues.The rates of de novo cancer in the solid organ transplant recipient population are higher than those in the general population.There is growing evidence that breast and gynecologic cancers may have a higher mortality rate in post-transplant patients.Cervical and vulvovaginal cancers specifically have a significantly higher mortality in this population.Despite this increased mortality risk,there is currently no consistent standard in screening and identifying these cancers in post-transplant patients.Breast,ovarian and endometrial cancers do not appear to have significantly increased incidence.However,the data on these cancers remains limited.Further studies are needed to determine if more aggressive screening strategies would be of benefit for these cancers.Here we review the cancer incidence,mortality risk and current screening methods associated with breast and gynecologic cancers in the post-solid organ transplant population.

关键词： Cancer screening Solid organ transplant Female-specific cancer

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Vinyl sulfonyl chemistry-driven unidirectional transport of a macrocycle through a[2]rotaxane

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第3期9卷 633-642页

作者： Arthur H.G.david Pablo García-Cerezo Araceli G.Campaña Francisco Santoyo-González victor Blanco Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de CienciasUnidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente(UEQ)Universidad de Granada(UGR)Avda.Fuente Nueva S/N18071 GranadaSpain

By applying a combination of the coupling-and-decoupling(CAD)chemistry of the vinyl sulfonate group with the click thia-Michael addition to the vinyl sulfone group(MAVS)we performed the irreversible unidirectional transportation of the ring through the linear component in a[2]rotaxane by a chemically and pHdriven flashing energy ratchet mechanism.

关键词： mechanism unidirectional chemistry

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A comparison of anesthetic efficacy between dorsal penile nerve block(DPNB)with lidocaine and eutectic mixture of local anesthetics(EMLA)cream during neonatal circumcision

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2022年第3期5卷 131-138页

作者： victor Chekwube Emordi david Osarumwense Osifo Iyekeoretin Evbuomwan Department of Paediatric Surgery Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK Department of Surgery University of Benin Teaching HospitalBenin CityEdo StateNigeria

Objective Circumcision is often performed in neonates and is associated with significant pain.This study was conducted to compare the anesthetic efficacy of two methods of local anaesthesia for neonatal circumcision:topical eutectic mixture of local anesthetics(EMLA)cream and dorsal penile nerve block(DPNB)with lidocaine.Methods Male neonates who presented for circumcision and met the eligibility criteria were recruited for the study and were randomly assigned to one of the two methods of anesthesia before the procedure.Anesthetic efficacy was compared by pain assessment during four standardized steps of the procedure(clamping,crushing,tying,and cutting of the foreskin,respectively)using the modified Neonatal Infant Pain Scale(NIPS),changes in transcutaneous oxygen saturation(SpO2),heart rate(HR),and preoperative and postoperative salivary cortisol levels.Patients also were evaluated after 24 hours to assess for complications.Results Totally,138 babies were recruited.Significantly higher NIPS scores were observed among babies who had EMLA cream during tying(p=0.019)and cutting(p=0.043).The rise in mean HR from baseline was statistically significant throughout the procedure in the EMLA group.In the DPNB group,there was no significant rise in mean HR during crushing(p=0.919)and cutting(p=0.197).There was a significant decrease in mean SpO2 from baseline in both groups.Salivary cortisol showed significant increase in mean levels in both groups.No significant untoward effects were observed.Conclusion DPNB with lidocaine has a better pain control compared with EMLA cream during neonatal circumcision.Both methods are safe in neonates.

关键词： anesthesia local mixture

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Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in 2021

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第5期28卷 502-516页

作者： Jose Maria Huguet Luis Ferrer-Barceló Patrícia Suárez Eva Sanchez Jose david Prieto victor Garcia Javier Sempere Department of Digestive Disease General University Hospital of ValenciaValencia 46014Spain

The detection of dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)continues to be important given the increased risk of colorectal cancer in this population.Therefore,in 2017,we performed a review and update of the recommendations for the management and follow-up of patients with IBD based on the clinical practice guidelines of various scientific societies.The present manuscript focuses on new aspects of the detection,follow-up,and management of dysplasia according to the latest studies and recommendations.While chromoendoscopy with targeted biopsy continues to be the technique of choice for the screening and detection of dysplasia in IBD,the associated difficulties mean that it is now being compared with other techniques(virtual chromoendoscopy),which yield similar results with less technical difficulties.Furthermore,the emergence of new endoscopy techniques that are still being researched but seem promising(e.g.,confocal laser endomicroscopy and full-spectrum endoscopy),together with the development of devices that improve endoscopic visualization(e.g.,Endocuff Vision),lead us to believe that these approaches can revolutionize the screening and follow-up of dysplasia in patients with IBD.Nevertheless,further studies are warranted to define the optimal follow-up strategy in this patient population.

关键词： Colitis surveillance Colitis screening Chromoendoscopy Colorectal cancer Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis

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Sudden sensorineural hearing loss-A contemporary review of management issues

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Journal of Otology 2020年第2期15卷 67-73页

作者： Anup Singh david victor Kumar Irugu Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Medanta-the MedicityGurugramHaryanaIndia Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss(SSNHL)is an enigmatic entity,with obscure pathophysiology and debatable efficacy of the treatment agents used.An underlying cause is identified in only 10-15%of cases.The management of the remaining patients,classified as‘idiopathic’,is empirical,and is conventionally with systemic steroids,vasodilator therapy,rheological agents,and antioxidants,to list a few amongst the host of the agents employed for the treatment.The availability of conflicting outcomes and lack of conclusive evidence has resulted in the propagation of consensus-based treatment protocols.In the present review,we discuss the various controversial issues and newer developments in the management of idiopathic SSNHL.The current review aims to present a narrative outlook of the updated evidence base available from PUBMED,augmented with relevant designated publications.

关键词： Hearing loss Sudden Sensorineural Instillation Drug Dexamethasone Prognosis

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FeedEfficiencyService: An architecture for the comparison of data from multiple studies related to dairy cattle feed efficiency indices

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第3期9卷 378-396页

作者： Heitor Magaldi Linhares Regina Braga Wagner Antonio Arbex Mariana Magalhaes Campos Fernanda Campos Jose Maria N.david victor Stroele Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencia da Computacao Universidade Federal de Juiz de ForaCampus UniversitarioRua JoseLourenco Kelmers/n-Sao PedroJuiz de ForaMinas Gerais 36036-900Brasil Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation-Embrapa Av.Eugenio do Nascimento610-AeroportoJuiz de Fora-MGMinas Gerais 36038-330Brasil

The increased demand for food worldwide,the reduced land availability for livestock pro-duction,the increasing cost of animal feed and the need for mitigating livestock-related greenhouse gas emissions have driven the search for animal feeding systems that proves more efficient.To tackle this problem,we propose the use of computational support to help researchers compare data on feed efficiency,therefore improving economic and environ-mental gains.As a solution,we present an integrative architecture capable of combining heterogeneous data from multiple experiments related to dairy cattle feed efficiency indices.The proposed architecture,called FeedEfficiencyService,classifies animals according to feed efficiency indices and allows visualizations through ontologies and inference engines.The results obtained from a case study with researchers from the Brazilian Agri-cultural Research Corporation–Dairy Cattle(EMBRAPA)demonstrate that this architecture is a supporting tool in their daily work routine.The researchers highlighted the importance of the proposed architecture as it allows analyzing animal data,comparing experiments,having reliable data analyses,and standardizing and organizing data from experiments.The novelty of our approach is the use of ontologies and inference engines to enable the discovery of new knowledge and new relationships between data from feed efficiency-related experiments.We store such data,relationships,and analyses of results in an inte-grated repository.This solution ensures unified access to the processing history and data from diverse experiments,including those conducted at external research centers.

关键词： Dairy Cattle

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