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Feeding Biochar to Cows:An Innovative Solution for Improving Soil Fertility and Farm Productivity

Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 666-679页

作者： Stephen JOSEPH Doug POW Kathy DAWSON david R.G.MITCHELL Aditya RAWAL James HOOK Sarasadat TAHERYMOOSAVI Lukas van ZWIETEN Joshua RUST Scott DONNE Paul MUNROE Ben PACE Ellen GRABER Torsten THOMAS Shaun NIELSEN Jun YE Yun LIN PAN Genxing LI Lianqing Zakaria M.SOLAIMAN Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Electron Microscopy Center AIIMUniversity of Wollongong Institute of Resources Ecosystem and Environment of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural University Marron Brook Farm Warren Catchments Council 52 Bath StManjimup 6258 (Australia) Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre University of New South Wales Wollongbar Primary Industries Institute NSW Department of Primary Industries Institute of Soil Water and Environmental SciencesThe Volcani CenterAgricultural Research Organization Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular SciencesThe University of New South Wales Soil Biology and Molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment (M087)The University of Western Australia

Addition of biochar produced through thermal decomposition of biomass has been seen as a strategy to improve soils and to sequester carbon （C）, but wide scale implementation of the technology requires to devise innovative profitable solutions. To develop biochar utilisation with an integrated system approach, an innovative program was implemented in 2012 on a 53-ha farm in Western Australia to determine the costs and benefits of integrating biochar with animal husbandry and improvement of pastures. Biochar was mixed with molasses and fed directly to cows. The dung-biochar mixture was incorporated into the soft profile by dung beetles. We studied the changes in soil properties over 3 years. Biochar extracted from fresh dung and from the soil to a depth of 40 cm was characterised. A preliminary financial analysis of the costs and benefits of this integrated approach was also undertaken. The preliminary investigation results suggested that this strategy was effective in improving soil properties and increasing returns to the farmer. It was also concluded that the biochar adsorbed nutrients from the cow＇s gut and from the dung. Dung beetles could transport this nutrient-rich biochar into the soil profile. There was little evidence that the recalcitrant component of the biochar was reduced through reactions inside the gut or on/in the soil. Further research is required to quantify the long-term impact of integrating biochar and dung beetles into the rearing of cows.

关键词： animal husbandry biochar C sequestration dung beetles financial benefit pasture

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Population Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Caffeine Using Visual Analogue Scales

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第4期5卷 444-454页

作者： Rebecca N.Burns Ayyappa Chaturvedula david C.Turner Hailing Zhang Chad M.van Den Berg Center for Pharmacometrics Mercer UniversityAtlantaUSA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Mercer UniversityAtlantaUSA Department of Pharmacy Practice Mercer UniversityAtlantaUSA Center for Clinical Research Mercer UniversityAtlantaUSA

Caffeine is a commonly ingested psychoactive substance which affects alertness and cognition. A clinical study was conducted to determine the effect of orally ingested caffeine on visual analogue scale (VAS) responses in healthy, moderate caffeine-consuming volunteers through the use of population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling. Twelve subjects were recruited for a three-period cross-over study which utilized caffeine containing beverages. Each visit included 8-hour blood plasma and VAS response collection for PK and PD assessment respectively. The VAS used in the study, also called the caffeine analog scale, has been previously validated for caffeine. Population PK-PD modeling was conducted with NONMEM 7.2. Simultaneous and sequential modeling of PK-PD was attempted. Final model selection was based on parameter estimate precision, diagnostic plots, and visual predictive check (VPC) plots. Results showed that a one-compartment open model with first-order absorption and elimination best described the pharmacokinetics of caffeine. Sequential PK-PD modeling was successful and an effect compartment model with linear slope and baseline parameter best described caffeine pharmacodynamics. Diagnostic plots showed no major bias and VPC plots showed agreement between observations and predictions. The model was able to link VAS responses to caffeine concentration in healthy volunteers and may be useful in clinical trial simulations and design.

关键词： Caffeine Population Pharmacokinetics Population Pharmacodynamics NONMEM? Visual Analogue Scale

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可配置开关电容器滤波器支持PSoC功能

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电子与电脑 2005年第10期5卷 119-121页

作者： david W.van Ess 赛普拉斯微系统公司

滤波器是一种允许或拒绝一个信号的特定频率通过的器件。三类常见的滤波器是低通滤波器、带通滤波器和高通滤波器。理想的低通滤波器允许某一特定截止频率以下的信号通过,并阻断任何高于该截止频率的信号。

关键词：低通滤波器开关电容器 PSoC 可配置截止频率高通滤波器带通滤波器信号器件

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为何如此血腥

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英语学习 2005年第3期 24-26页

作者： david van Biema 韦元

本栏目译文为深圳大学英语专业研究生03级"翻译实践"课程的产物。赵娟、王贝。作为任课教师,韦元参译和校改了所有译文。

关键词：吉布森

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Bringing sensation to prosthetic hands-chronic assessment of implanted thin-film electrodes in humans

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npj Flexible Electronics 2023年第1期7卷 32-45页

作者： PaulČvančara Giacomo Valle Matthias Müller Inga Bartels Thomas Guiho Arthur Hiairrassary Francesco Petrini Stanisa Raspopovic Ivo Strauss Giuseppe Granata Eduardo Fernandez Paolo M.Rossini Massimo Barbaro Ken Yoshida Winnie Jensen Jean-Louis Divoux david Guiraud Silvestro Micera Thomas Stieglitz Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEKAlbert-Ludwig-University FreiburgFreiburgGermany Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering School of EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland The Biorobotics Institute Scuola Superiore Sant’AnnaPisaItaly Camin Team INRIAUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance Institute of Neurology Catholic University of the Sacred HeartRomaItaly Institute of Neurosurgery Catholic University of the Sacred HeartRomaItaly Department of Neuroscience&Neurorehabilitation IRCCS San Raffaele Roma00166 RomeItaly Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of CagliariCagliariItaly Biomedical Engineering Department Indiana University-Purdue UniversityIndianapolisINUSA SMI Dept.Health Science and TechnologyAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark AXONIC/Groupe MXM VallaurisFrance BrainLinks-BrainTools Albert-Ludwig-University FreiburgFreiburgGermany Bernstein Center Freiburg Albert-Ludwig-University FreiburgFreiburgGermany Present address:Laboratory for Neuroengineering Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyInstitute for Robotics and Intelligent SystemsETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland

Direct stimulation of peripheral nerves with implantable electrodes successfully provided sensory feedback to amputees while using hand *** of the electrodes is key to success,which we have improved for the polyimide-based transverse intrafascicular multichannel electrode(TIME).The TIMEs were implanted in the median and ulnar nerves of three trans-radial amputees for up to six *** present a comprehensive assessment of the electrical properties of the thin-film metallization as well as material status post *** TIMEs stayed within the electrochemical safe limits while enabling consistent and precise amplitude *** lead to a reliable performance in terms of eliciting *** signs of corrosion or morphological change to the thin-film metallization of the probes was observed by means of electrochemical and optical *** presented longevity demonstrates that thin-film electrodes are applicable in permanent implant systems.

关键词： film electrodes sensation

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α/Sulfono-γ-AA peptide hybrids agonist of GLP-1R with prolonged action both in vitro and in vivo

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第4期13卷 1648-1659页

作者： Yan Shi Candy Lee Peng Sang Zaid Amso david Huang Weixia Zhong Meng Gu Lulu Wei Vân T.B.Nguyen-Tran Jingyao Zhang Weijun Shen Jianfeng Cai Department of Chemistry University of South FloridaTampaFL 33620USA Calibr at Scripps Research La JollaCA 92037USA

Peptides are increasingly important resources for biological and therapeutic development,however,their intrinsic susceptibility to proteolytic degradation represents a big *** a natural agonist for GLP-1R,glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1)is of significant clinical interest for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus,but its in vivo instability and short half-life have largely prevented its therapeutic ***,we describe the rational design of a series of a/sulfono-γ-AA peptide hybrid analogues of GLP-1 as the GLP-1R *** GLP-1 hybrid analogues exhibited enhanced stability(t_(1/2)>14 days)compared to t_(1/2)(<1 day)of GLP-1 in the blood plasma and in *** newly developed peptide hybrids may be viable alternative of semaglutide for type-2 diabetes ***,our findings suggest that sulfono-γ-AA residues could be adopted to substitute canonical amino acids residues to improve the pharmacological activity of peptide-based drugs.

关键词： GLP-1 Peptidomimetics Helical structures Stability Type-2 diabetes treatments Rational design GLP-1R agonists Pharmacological activity

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森林遗传学和树种改良

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国外林业 1980年第3期 21-26页

作者： david F.van Haverbede 赵克绳

关于树种改良的历史发展树种改良的历史最早可以追溯到 MosesCook,他在1676年出版的《对育苗、购苗和改良树种的态度》一书中提出了只能在优良母树上采种的主张。到了1717年,Bradley在他的《种植和园艺改良新法》一书中,又指出了用人工... 详细信息

关于树种改良的历史发展树种改良的历史最早可以追溯到 MosesCook,他在1676年出版的《对育苗、购苗和改良树种的态度》一书中提出了只能在优良母树上采种的主张。到了1717年,Bradley在他的《种植和园艺改良新法》一书中,又指出了用人工方法培育杂交种的可能性。

关键词：树种改良种子园子代鉴定森林遗传学

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Vincent van Gogh

Vincent van Gogh

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作者： edited by david Bomford

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急诊科就诊的中度危险性胸痛病人负荷性心脏MRI与负荷性超声心动早期评价的对照研究

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国际医学放射学杂志 2014年第3期 281-282页

作者： J.F.Heitner I.Klem D.Rasheed A.Chandra H.W.Kim L.M.R.van assche 唐光健 Duke Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Center Duke University Medical CenterBox 3934DurhamNC USA

摘要目的对照比较急性胸痛(CP)与中度冠状动脉病变(CAD)危险的急诊病人负荷性心脏MRI与负荷性心动超声检查的实用性与有效性。方法所有病人均获书面知情同

关键词： MRI 心动超声急诊科中度心脏病人

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Graft dilatation and Barrett’s esophagus in adults after gastric pullup and jejunal interposition for long-gap esophageal atresia

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世界胃肠内镜杂志:英文版(电子版) 2023年第9期15卷 553-563页

作者： Eleonora Sofie van Tuyll van Serooskerken Gabriele Gallo Bas L Weusten Jessie Westerhof Lodewijk AA Brosens Sander Zwaveling Jetske Ruiterkamp Jan BF Hulscher Hubertus GM Arets Arnold JN Bittermann david C van der Zee Stefaan HAJ Tytgat Maud YA Lindeboom Department of Pediatric Surgery Wilhelmina Children’s HospitalUtrecht 3508 ABNetherlands Department of Pediatric Surgery University Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZNetherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht 3508 ABNetherlands Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Medical Center GroningenGroningen 9713 GZNetherlands Department of Pathology University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht 3508 ABNetherlands Department of Pediatric Surgery Amsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdam 1105 AZNetherlands Department of Pediatric Pulmonology Wilhelmina Children’s HospitalUtrecht 3508 ABNetherlands Department of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Wilhelmina Children’s HospitalUtrecht 3508 ABNetherlands

BACKGROUND Esophageal replacement(ER)with gastric pull-up(GPU)or jejunal interposition(JI)used to be the standard treatment for long-gap esophageal atresia(LGEA).Changes of the ER grafts on a macro-and microscopic level however,are *** To evaluate long-term clinical symptoms and anatomical and mucosal changes in adolescents and adults after ER for *** A cohort study was conducted including all LGEA patients≥16 years who had undergone GPU or JI between 1985-2003 at two tertiary referral centers in the *** underwent clinical assessment,contrast study and endoscopy with *** was collected *** differences between JI and GPU patients,and associations between different outcome measures were assessed using the Fisher’s exact test for bivariate variables and the Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous *** with a P-value<0.05 were considered statistically *** Nine GPU patients and eleven JI patients were *** age at follow-up was 21.5 years and 24.4 years,*** was reported in six GPU patients(67%)vs four JI patients(36%)(P=0.37).Dysphagia symptoms were reported in 64%of JI patients,compared to 22%of GPU patients(P=0.09).Contrast studies showed dilatation of the jejunal graft in six patients(55%)and graft lengthening in four of these six *** revealed columnar-lined esophagus in three GPU patients(33%)and intestinal metaplasia was histologically confirmed in two patients(22%).No association was found between reflux symptoms and macroscopic anomalies or intestinal *** GPU patients(33%)experienced severe feeding problems vs none in the JI *** median body mass index of JI patients was 20.9 kg/m^(2) vs 19.5 kg/m^(2) in GPU patients(P=0.08).CONCLUSION The majority of GPU patients had reflux and intestinal metaplasia in 22%.The majority of JI patients had dysphagia and a dilated ***-up after ER for LGEA is essential.

关键词： Long-gap esophageal atresia Jejunal interposition Gastric pull-up Barrett’s esophagus Intestinal metaplasia Esophageal replacement

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