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Reverse cholesterol transport: From classical view to new insights

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第47期16卷 5908-5915页

作者： Astrid E van der velde Academic Medical Center AMC Liver Center Department of Education and Development Gelderse Vallei Hospital

Cholesterol is of vital importance for the human body. It is a constituent for most biological membranes, it is needed for the formation of bile salts, and it is the pre- cursor for steroid hormones and vitamin D. However, the presence of excess cholesterol in cells, and in particular in macrophages in the arterial vessel wall, might be harmful. The accumulation of cholesterol in arteries can lead to atherosclerosis, and in turn, to other cardiovascular diseases. The route that is primarily thought to be responsible for the disposal of cholesterol is called reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Therefore, RCT is seen as an interesting target for the development of drugs aimed at the prevention of atherosclerosis. Research on RCT has taken off in recent years. In this review, the classical concepts about RCT are discussed, together with new insights about this topic.

关键词： Cholesterol Excretion Transport Intestine Liver

Dispersal of invasive species by drifting

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 818-827页

作者： M.C. van RIEL G. van der velde A. BIJ DE VAATE Radboud University Nijmegen Institute for Water and Wetland Research Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology Section Aquatic Animal Ecology Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands Team Freshwater Ecology DLO-Alterra P.O. Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis EO. Box 9517 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands Waterfauna Hydrobiologisch Adviesbureau Oostrandpark 30 8212 AP Lelystad The Netherlands

Drifting can be an effective way for aquatic organisms to disperse and colonise new areas. Increasing connectivity between European large rivers facilitates invasion by drifting aquatic macroinvertebrates. The present study shows that high abundances of invasive species drift in the headstream of the river Rhine. Dikerogammarus villosus and Chelicorophium cur- vispinum represented up to 90% of the total of drifting macroinvertebrates. Drift activity shows seasonal and diel patterns. Most species started drifting in spring and were most abundant in the water column during the summer period. Drift activity was very low during the winter period. Diel patterns were apparent; most species, including D. villosus, drifted during the night. Drifting macroinvertebrates colonised stony substrate directly from the water column. D. villosus generally colonised the substrate at night, while higher numbers of C. curvispinum colonised the substrate during the day. It is very likely that drifting functions as a disper- sal mechanism for crustacean invaders. Once waterways are connected, these species are no longer necessarily dependent on dispersal vectors other than drift for extending their distribution range

关键词： Amphipods Invaders Colonization Drift Daily rhythms Seasonal variation

The Special Column of Aquatic Invasive Species Science

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 816-817页

作者： Gerard van der velde Rob S.E.W. Leuven Guest Editors Radboud University Nijmegen Institute for Water and Wetland Research P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands

We were delighted when Zhi-Yun Jia, Executive Editor of Current Zoology, approached us with a proposal to engage in a special column on invasive species science. Six papers have been written for this special column, all containing new information and approaches in the field of aquatic invasive species science. Each paper has gone through the rigorous peer review process used at Current Zoology, and Zhi-Yun Jia was very helpful by contacting reviewers and improving the manuscripts.

关键词：外来入侵物种科学水生同行评议动物

N-terminal truncated RHT-1 proteins generated by translational reinitiation cause semi-dwarfing of wheat Green Revolution alleles

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Molecular Plant 2021年第4期14卷 679-687页

作者： Karel van De velde Stephen GThomas Floor Heyse Rim Kaspar Dominique van der Straeten Antje Rohde BASF Belgium Coordination Center-Innovation Center Gent Technologiepark 101.9052 GhentBelgium Rothamsted Research HarpendenHertfordshire AL52JQUK Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology Department of BiologyGhent UniversitK.L.Ledeganckstrat 359000 GhentBelgium

The unprecedented wheat yield increases during the Green Revolution were achieved through the introduc-tion of the Reduced height(Rht)-B1b and Rht-D1b semi-dwarfing *** Rht-1 alleles encode growth-repressing DELLA genes containing a stop codon within their open reading frame that confers gibberellin(GA)-insensitive *** this study,we successfully took the hurdle of detecting wild-type RHT-1 proteins in different wheat organs and confirmed their degradation in response to *** further demonstrated that Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b produce N-terminal truncated proteins through trans-lational *** of these N-terminal truncated proteins in transgenic lines and in Rht-D1c,an allele containing multiple Rht-D1b copies,demonstrated their ability to cause strong dwarfism,resulting from their insensitivity to GA-mediated degradation.N-terminal truncated proteins were detected in spikes and nodes,but not in the aleurone *** Rht-B 1b and Rht-D1b alleles cause dwarfism but have wild-type dormancy,this finding suggests that tissue-specific differences in translational reinitiation may explain why the Rht-1 alleles reduce plant height without affecting *** together,our findings not only reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the Green Revolution but also demonstrate that trans-lational reinitiation in the main open reading frame occurs in plants.

关键词： gibberellin(GA)signaling DELLA Rht-1 dwarfing ales Green Revolution wheat translational reinitiation

Design of bidirectional frictional behaviour for tactile contact using ellipsoidal asperity micro-textures

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Friction 2022年第5期10卷 762-771页

作者： Dmitrii SERGACHEV david MATTHEWS Emile van der HEIDE Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology Faculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversity of TwenteOverissel 7522 LIWEnschedethe Netherlands Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Ghent UniversitEast Flanders 9000GhenBelgium

Tactile perception and friction can be modified by producing a deterministic surface *** of surface feature arrangement and texture symmetry can produce an anisotropic frictional *** is generally achieved through skin hysteresis by promoting its *** work investigates whether a bidirectional friction can be created with microscale ellipsoidal asperity textures,thus relying on the adhesive component of *** this purpose,four textured samples with various asperity dimensions were moulded with a silicone rubber having an elastic modulus comparable to that of the *** of friction measurements were conducted in-vivo in two sliding directions with a range of normal loads up to 4 *** element method(FEM)was used to study elastic deformation effects,explain the observed friction difference,and predict surface material *** performed perpendicular to the asperity major radii showed consistently higher friction coefficients than that during parallel *** the larger asperity dimensions,a change of the sliding direction increased friction up to a factor of *** numerical analysis showed that this effect is mostly related to elastic asperity *** friction differences can be further controlled by asperity dimensions,spacing,and material properties.

关键词： surface texture sliding direction skin friction elastomer

Competition for shelter between four invasive gobiids and two native benthic fish species

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 844-851页

作者： N. van KESSEL M. DORENBOSCH M.R.M. DE BOER R.S.E.W. LEUVEN G. van der velde Radboud University Nijmegen Institute for Water and Wetland Research Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology EO. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands Radboud University Nijmegen Institute for Water and Wetland Research Department of Environmental Science P.O. Box 9010 6500 GL Nijmegen The Netherlands Natuurbalans - Limes Divergens P.O. Box 31070 6503 CB Nijmegen The Netherlands Netherlands Institute of Ecology （NIOO - KNAW） EO. Box 50 6700 AB Wageningen The Netherlands Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis EO. Box 9517 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands

Recent invasions by non-native gobiid fish species that are ongoing in the Western European rivers Rhine and Meuse, will lead to interactions with native benthic fish species. Since both non-native gobiids and native benthic species are bottom dwelling species with a preference for shelter during at least part of their life cycle, it is likely that competition for shelter will occur between these non-native and native species when shelter is a limiting factor. To investigate the importance of this mecha- nism for species replacements, various habitat choice experiments were conducted between two common native benthic fish spe- cies （Cottus perifretum and Barbatula barbatula） and four invasive non-native gobiid species （Proterorhinus semilunaris, Neogo- bius melanostomus, N. kessleri and N. fluviatilis）. The first series of single specimen experiments determined the habitat choice of each individual fish species. In a second series of competition experiments, shifts in habitat choice in comparison with the previ- ously observed habitat choice, were determined when a native benthic fish species co-occurred with non-native gobiid species. Native C. perifretum displayed a significant shift in habitat choice in co-occurrence with the gobiids N. kessleri or P. semilunaris. C. perifretum was outcompeted and moved from the available shelter place to less preferred habitat types. During the competition experiments no change in habitat choice of B. barbatula was shown. Our study therefore suggests that competition for shelter is likely to occur in rivers invaded by N. kessleri and P. semilunaris at sites where shelter is limiting

关键词： Bullhead Exotic species Habitat choice Invasive gobies Rivers Rhine and Meuse Stone loach

New evidence for the links between the local water cycle and the underground wet sand layer of a mega-dune in the Badain Jaran Desert, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第4期6卷 371-377页

作者： Jun WEN ZhongBo SU TangTang ZHANG Hui TIAN YiJian ZENG Rong LIU Yue KANG Rogier van der velde Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) University of Twente

Scientists and the local government have great concerns about the climate change and water resources in the Badain Jaran Desert of western China. A field study for the local water cycle of a lake-desert system was conducted near the Noertu Lake in the Badain Jaran Desert from 21 June to 26 August 2008. An underground wet sand layer was observed at a depth of 20–50 cm through analysis of datasets collected during the field experiment. Measurements unveiled that the near surface air humidity increased in the nighttime. The sensible and latent heat fluxes were equivalent at a site about 50 m away from the Noertu Lake during the daytime, with mean values of 134.4 and 105.9 W/m2 respectively. The sensible heat flux was dominant at a site about 500 m away from the Noertu Lake, with a mean of 187.7 W/m2, and a mean latent heat flux of only 26.7 W/m2. There were no apparent differences for the land surface energy budget at the two sites during the night time. The latent heat flux was always negative with a mean value of –12.7 W/m2, and the sensible heat flux was either positive or negative with a mean value of 5.10 W/m2. A portion of the local precipitation was evaporated into the air and the top-layer of sand dried quickly after every rainfall event, while another portion seeped deep and was trapped by the underground wet sand layer, and supplied water for surface psammophyte growth. With an increase of air humidity and the occurrence of negative latent heat flux or water vapor condensation around the Noertu Lake during the nighttime, we postulated that the vapor was transported and condensed at the lakeward sand surface, and provided supplemental underground sand pore water. There were links between the local water cycle, underground wet sand layer, psammophyte growth and landscape evolution of the mega-dunes surrounding the lakes in the Badain Jaran Desert of western China.

关键词： mega-dune water cycle observation wet sand layer Badain Jaran Desert

The off-host survival and viability of a native and non-native fish louse （Argulus, Crustacea： Branchiura）

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 828-835页

作者： P.D. WALKER I.J. RUSSON R. DUIJF G. van der velde S.E. WENDELAAR BONGA Radboud University of Nijmegen Institute for Water and Wetland Research Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology Heyendaalseweg 135 6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands APEM Ltd Centre for Innovation ＆ Enterprise Begbroke Science Park Sandy Lane Yarnton Oxfordshire OX5 1PF United Kingdom Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis P.O. Box 9517 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands

Fish ectoparasites are introduced to water bodies or aquaculture systems along with their hosts. Argulid fish lice can survive off-host for a given time, and in spite of quarantine measures might also be introduced via the transfer of water. However, they must cope with varying abiotic conditions without access to food. We investigated the effect of temperature （5 to 28℃） on the off-host survival time of Argulus japonicus, an invasive species which is apparently increasing its distribution, and compared this with the European A. foliaceus. A clear effect of temperature on the off-host survival time of all stages of both species was demonstrated. Larval and juvenile A. japonicus survived up to 9 days at 22℃ and in the case of adults up to 13 days at 15℃. By comparison, larval A. foliaceus survived up to 5 days at 15℃, adults up to 14 days at 9℃ and juveniles up to 7 days at 9℃ and 15℃. Thus, A. japonicus is more resistant to starvation at higher temperatures under controlled off-host conditions and A. foli- aceus is more resistant to starvation at lower temperatures. Infectivity of A. japonicus decreased linearly with the time spent off-host after 2 days for larvae and 4 days for adults. Temperature only had a significant effect on the infectivity of both develop- mental stages after 24 hours off-host between 13-23℃ for larvae and 13-18℃ for adults. In conclusion both species can potentially survive off-host pelods in water transports for up to 13-14 days as adults. Their survival is shorter as larvae. This study demonstrates that transportation of water has the potential to introduce Argulus species

关键词： Argulus Fish lice Survival Temperature Off-host Water transport Introductions Invasive species

Reverse cholesterol transport revisited

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第47期16卷 5907-5907页

作者： Astrid E van der velde Academic Medical Center AMC Liver Center Department of Education and Development Gelderse Vallei Hospital

Reverse cholesterol transport was originally described as the high-density lipoprotein-mediated cholesterol flux from the periphery via the hepatobiliary tract to the intestinal lumen, leading to fecal excretion. Since the introduction of reverse cholesterol transport in the 1970s, this pathway has been intensively investigated. In this topic highlight, the classical reverse cholesterol transport concepts are discussed and the subject reverse cholesterol transport is revisited.

关键词： Cholesterol Reverse cholesterol transport Transintestinal cholesterol efflux Liver Intestine Lipoproteins