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Small RNA Pathways Are in the Angiosperm Male Present and Functional Gametophyte

Molecular Plant 2009年第3期2卷 500-512页

作者： Robert Grant-Downton Said Hafidh david twell Hugh G. Dickinson Department of Plant Sciences South Parks Rd Oxford OX1 3RB UK Department of Biology University of Leicester University Road Leicester LE1 7RH UK

Small non-coding RNAs are essential for development of the sporophyte, the somatic diploid phase of flowering plants. They are integral to key cellular processes such as defense, generation of chromatin structure, and regulation of native gene expression. Surprisingly, very little is known of their presence and function in the male haploid phase of plant development （male gametophyte/pollen grain）, where dramatic cell fate changes leading to gametogenesis occur over just two mitotic divisions. We show that critical components of small RNA pathways are expressed throughout pollen development, but in a pattern that differs from the sporophyte. We also demonstrate that mature pollen accumulates a range of mature microRNAs, the class of small RNA most frequently involved in post-transcriptional regulation of endogenous gene expression. Significantly, these miRNAs cleave their target transcripts in developing pollen-a process that seemingly contributes to the purging of key regulatory transcripts from the mature pollen grain. Small RNAs are thus likely to make a hitherto unappreciated contribution to male gametophyte gene expression patterns, pollen development, and gametogenesis.

关键词： Pollen plant germline small RNA microRNA epigenetics

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Arabidopsis Kinesins HINKEL and TETRASPORE Act Redundantly to Control Cell Plate Expansion during Cytokinesis in the Male Gametophyte

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Molecular Plant 2008年第5期1卷 794-799页

作者： Sung-Aeong Oh Valerie Bourdon Madhumita Das 'Pal Hugh Dickinson david twell Department of Biology University of Leicester University Road Leicester LE1 7RH UK Department of Plant sciences University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OXl 3RB UK Present address: Division of Plant Biosciences Kyungpook National University Daegu 702-701 South Korea

Asymmetric cell division at pollen mitosis I （PMI） is required to specify the differential fate of the daughter vegetative and generative cells. Cytokinesis at PMI displays specialized features, and it has been suggested that there might be distinct molecular pathways underpinning different modes of cytokinesis in plants. Activation of the NACK- PQR MAP kinase signaling pathway, which is essential for somatic cell cytokinesis in tobacco, depends upon the NACK1 and NACK2 kinesin-related proteins. Their Arabidopsis orthologs, HINKEL （HIK） and TETRASPORE （TES）, were reported to be essential for cytokinesis in somatic cells and in microsporocytes, respectively. More recently, HIK and TES were shown to have a functionally redundant role in female gametophytic cytokinesis. We report here that HIK and TES are co-expressed in microspores and developing pollen, and, through analysis of microspore and pollen development in double heterozygore mutants, the occurrence of cell plate expansion defects during cytokinesis at PMI. The data demonstrate a functionally redundant role for HIKand TES in cell plate expansion during male gametophytic cytokinesis, extending the concept that different modes of cytokinesis are executed by a common signaling pathway, but reinforcing the individuality of gametophytic cytokinesis in its requirement for either TES or HIK.

关键词：胞质分裂个性花粉拟南芥属心肌梗死血气分析胰岛素铍男(雄)性女(雌)性

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Young Genes out of the Male： An Insight from Evolutionary Age Analysis of the Pollen Transcriptome

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Molecular Plant 2015年第6期8卷 935-945页

作者： Xiao Cui Yang Lv Miaolin Chen Zoran Nikoloski david twell Dabing Zhang State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences SJTU-Adelaide Joint Centre for Agricultureand Health School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group University of Potsdam and Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Muehlenberg Potsdam114424 Germany Department of Biology University of Leicester Leicester LE1 7RA UK Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences University of Adelaide-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Centre for Agricultureand Health School of Agriculture Food and Wine University of Adelaide Waite Campus Urrbrae South Australia 5064 Australia

The birth of new genes in genomes is an important evolutionary event. Several studies reveal that new genes in animals tend to be preferentially expressed in male reproductive tissues such as testis （Betrdn et ah, 2002; Begun et ah, 2007; Dubruille et ah, 2012）, and thus an ＂out of testis＂ hypothesis for the emergence of new genes has been proposed （Vinckenbosch et ah, 2006; Kaessmann, 2010）. However, such phenomena have not been examined in plant species. Here, by employing a phylostratigraphic method, we dated the origin of protein-coding genes in rice and Arabidopsis thaliana and observed a num- ber of young genes in both species. These young genes tend to encode short extracellular proteins, which may be involved in rapid evolving processes, such as reproductive barriers, species specification, and anti- microbial processes. Further analysis of transcriptome age indexes across different tissues revealed that male reproductive cells express a phylogenetically younger transcriptome than other plant tissues. Compared with sporophytic tissues, the young transcriptomes of the male gametophyte displayed greater complexity and diversity, which included a higher ratio of anti-sense and inter-genic transcripts, reflecting a pervasive transcription state that facilitated the emergence of new genes. Here, we propose that pollen may act as an ＂innovation incubator＂ for the birth of de novo genes. With cases of male-biased expression of young genes reported in animals, the ＂new genes out of the male＂ model revealed a common evolu- tionary force that drives reproductive barriers, species specification, and the upgrading of defensive mech- anisms against pathogens.

关键词： pollen evolution young genes transcriptome

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水稻MYB转录因子OsDUO1的cDNA克隆及其表达模式初步分析

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植物生理学通讯 2010年第10期46卷 1033-1039页

作者：李素玲宗杰周志刚 david twell 张大兵上海海洋大学水产与生命学院上海201306 上海交通大学生命科学与技术学院上海200240 Department of Biology University of LeicesterUnited Kingdom LE17RH

我们利用RT-PCR方法成功从水稻中克隆了R2R3类MYB转录因子OsDUO1(Oryza sativa duo pollen1)的全长为1032bp的cDNA,该基因编码一个343个氨基酸残基的蛋白。RT-PCR分析结果表明OsDUO1只在水稻的花粉发育后期表达,说明OsDUO1可能对水稻花... 详细信息

我们利用RT-PCR方法成功从水稻中克隆了R2R3类MYB转录因子OsDUO1(Oryza sativa duo pollen1)的全长为1032bp的cDNA,该基因编码一个343个氨基酸残基的蛋白。RT-PCR分析结果表明OsDUO1只在水稻的花粉发育后期表达,说明OsDUO1可能对水稻花粉发育具有生物学功能。生物信息学分析表明,OsDUO1在短柄草、高粱、玉米、拟南芥、烟草、葡萄、蓖麻、杨毛果、小立碗藓植物中有相近同源序列,暗示该基因在进化中具有保守的生物学功能。

关键词：水稻 OsDUO1 克隆表达模式进化分析

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