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Fungal Diversity 2013年第6期63卷 1-313页

作者： Kevin D.Hyde E.B.Gareth Jones Jian-Kui Liu Hiran Ariyawansa Eric Boehm Saranyaphat Boonmee Uwe Braun Putarak Chomnunti Pedro W.Crous Dong-Qin Dai Paul Diederich Asha Dissanayake Mingkhuan Doilom Francesco Doveri Singang Hongsanan Ruvishika Jayawardena James D.Lawrey Yan-Mei Li Yong-Xiang Liu Robert Lücking Jutamart Monkai Lucia Muggia Matthew P.Nelsen Ka-Lai Pang Rungtiwa Phookamsak Indunil C.Senanayake Carol A.Shearer Satinee Suetrong Kazuaki tanaka Kasun M.thambugala Nalin N.Wijayawardene Saowanee Wikee Hai-Xia Wu Ying Zhang Begoña Aguirre-Hudson S.Aisyah Alias AndréAptroot Ali H.Bahkali Jose L.Bezerra D.Jayarama Bhat Erio Camporesi Ekachai Chukeatirote Cécile Gueidan david L.Hawksworth Kazuyuki Hirayama Sybren De Hoog Ji-Chuan Kang Kerry Knudsen Wen-Jing Li Xing-Hong Li Zou-Yi Liu Ausana Mapook Eric H.C.McKenzie Andrew N.Miller Peter E.Mortimer Alan J.L.Phillips Huzefa A.Raja Christian Scheuer Felix Schumm Joanne E.taylor Qing tian Saowaluck tibpromma Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Yong Wang Jian-Chu Xu Supalak Yacharoen Ji-Ye Yan Min Zhang Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia(KLPB) Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201Yunnan China World Agroforestry Centre East Asia NodeHeilongtanKunming 650201China Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research Chiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Institute Ocean Earth Sciences Kuala Lumpur 50603SelangorMalaysia Department of Botany and Microbiology King Saudi UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia 42 Longacre Drive LivingstonNJ 07039USA Institut für Biologie Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer GartenHerbariumMartin-Luther-UniversitätNeuwerk 2106099 Halle(Saale)Germany CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre Uppsalalaan 83584CT UtrechtThe Netherlands Musée National d’histoire Naturelle 25 rue Munster2160 LuxembourgLuxembourg Institute of Plant and Environment Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097People’s Republic of China Via dei Funaioli 22 57126 LivornoItaly Department of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason University4400 University DriveFairfaxVA 22030-4444USA International Fungal Research and Development Centre Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Cultivation&Utilization State Forestry AdministrationKunming 650224People’s Republic of China the Research Institute of Resource Insects Chinese Academy of ForestryKunming 650224People’s Republic of China Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyangGuizhou 550006People’s Republic of China Science and Education Integrative Research(Botany)The Field Museum1400 South Lake Shore DriveChicagoIL 60605-2496USA Institute of Plant Sciences University of GrazHolteigasse 68010 GrazAustria Department of Life Science University of TriesteVia L.Giorgieri 10TriesteItaly Committee on Evolutionary Biology University of Chicago1025 E.57th StreetChicagoIL 60637USA Institute ofMarine Biology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans Taiwan

Dothideomycetes comprise a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by asci with two wall layers(bitunicate asci)and often with fissitunicate *** species are saprobes,with many asexual states comprising important plant *** are also endophytes,epiphytes,fungicolous,lichenized,or lichenicolous *** occur in terrestrial,freshwater and marine habitats in almost every part of the *** accept 105 families in Dothideomycetes with the new families Anteagloniaceae,Bambusicolaceae,Biatriosporaceae,Lichenoconiaceae,Muyocopronaceae,Paranectriellaceae,Roussoellaceae,Salsugineaceae,Seynesiopeltidaceae and thyridariaceae introduced in this *** family is provided with a description and notes,including asexual and asexual states,and if more than one genus is included,the type genus is also *** family is provided with at least one figure-plate,usually illustrating the type genus,a list of accepted genera,including asexual genera,and a key to these genera.A phylogenetic tree based on four gene combined analysis add support for 64 of the families and 22 orders,including the novel orders,Dyfrolomycetales,Lichenoconiales,Lichenotheliales,Monoblastiales,Natipusillales,Phaeotrichales and *** paper is expected to provide a working document on Dothideomycetes which can be modified as new data comes to *** is hoped that by illustrating types we provide stimulation and interest so that more work is carried out in this remarkable group of fungi.

关键词： Acrospermales Asterinales Botryosphaeriales Capnodiales Dothideales Dyfrolomycetales Hysteriales Jahnulales Lichenoconiales Lichenotheliales Microthyriales Monoblastiales Myriangiales Mytilinidiales Natipusillales Patellariales Phaeotrichales Phylogeny Pleosporales Strigulales taxonomy trypetheliales tubeufiales type species Venturiales

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通信人工智能的下一个十年

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电信科学 2021年第3期37卷 1-36页

作者：欧阳晔王立磊杨爱东马利克·萨哈大卫·贝兰格高同庆韦乐平张亚勤亚信科技(中国)有限公司北京100193 美国威瑞森电信公司美国纽约10036 美国电话电报公司美国得克萨斯达拉斯75202 美国斯蒂文斯理工学院美国新泽西霍博肯07030 中国移动通信集团公司北京100032 中国电信集团公司北京100033 清华大学北京100084

移动通信技术走过了37年的发展历程,人工智能技术也已走过了64年的发展历程。从早期的各自独立演进,到5G与人工智能开始深度融合发展,“5G与人工智能”已被业界视为一组最新的通用目的技术组合,对垂直行业的发展起到提振生产力与赋能的... 详细信息

移动通信技术走过了37年的发展历程,人工智能技术也已走过了64年的发展历程。从早期的各自独立演进,到5G与人工智能开始深度融合发展,“5G与人工智能”已被业界视为一组最新的通用目的技术组合,对垂直行业的发展起到提振生产力与赋能的作用。首先介绍了早期移动通信和人工智能各自的发展路线,并重点回顾了人工智能与通信技术在3G到5G阶段开始融合发展。针对通信人工智能,详细阐述了当前人工智能技术在移动通信生态系统中各领域的发展情况,包括通信网络基础设施、网络管理与运营、电信业务管理、跨领域融合智能化、垂直行业与专网等,并总结了通信国际标准组织对人工智能技术在移动通信系统中的分级定义与演进路线。面向下一个十年,展望了通信人工智能未来的发展路线与演进趋势,并结合3GPP与ItU-R的5G/6G时间表,前瞻性探索了基于3GPP和O-RAN路线的网络智能化、基于体验感知与意图的网络管理与运营系统的发展、网络AI信令体系、面向智慧中台演进的电信业务与支撑体系、跨领域融合的智能化体验管理与策略管理、从SLA向ELA的演进以及面向垂直行业的智能专网等。最后建议行业达成共识,在下一个十年中全面加速推进人工智能在通信生态领域的发展。

关键词：人工智能移动通信 5G 通用目的技术网络智能化随愿网络/意图网络网络AI信令体系

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终止复苏:院前临终决策的新方法

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2007年第10期3卷 4-页

作者： Feder S. Matheny R.L. Loveless Jr.R.S. Rea t.D. 罗亮 King County Medic One 7064 South 220th StreetKentWA 98032United States

背景:急诊医疗(EMS)工作人员常常不被允许按照家属意愿终止临终时刻复苏,尤其是在缺少书面不予复苏(DNR)志愿书的时候。目的:观察实施新指南医疗机构的EMS人员是否比未实施新指南医疗机构的EMS人员更可能终止院外心脏停搏患者的复苏抢... 详细信息

背景:急诊医疗(EMS)工作人员常常不被允许按照家属意愿终止临终时刻复苏,尤其是在缺少书面不予复苏(DNR)志愿书的时候。目的:观察实施新指南医疗机构的EMS人员是否比未实施新指南医疗机构的EMS人员更可能终止院外心脏停搏患者的复苏抢救。设计:

关键词：复苏抢救患者 EM 心脏停搏

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Axillary Surgery in Breast Cancer - Primary Results of the INSEMA trial

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the New England journal of medicine 2024年第12期46卷 2024 Dec 12页

作者： toralf Reimer Angrit Stachs Kristina Veselinovic thorsten Kühn Jörg Heil Silke Polata Frederik Marmé thomas Müller Guido Hildebrandt david Krug Beyhan Ataseven Roland Reitsamer Sylvia Ruth Carsten Denkert Inga Bekes Dirk-Michael Zahm Marc thill Michael Golatta Johannes Holtschmidt Michael Knauer Valentina Nekljudova Sibylle Loibl Bernd Gerber From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Rostock Rostock Germany (T.R. A.S. B.G.) University Hospital Ulm Ulm Germany (K.V. I.B.) Hospital Esslingen Esslingen Germany (T.K.) University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany (J. Heil M.G.) the Breast Unit Sankt Elisabeth Hospital Heidelberg Germany (J. Heil M.G.) Evang. Waldkrankenhaus Spandau Berlin (S.P.) the Faculty of Medicine Mannheim Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany (F.M.) the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hanau City Hospital Hanau Germany (T.M.) the Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Rostock Rostock Germany (G.H.) the Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE) Hamburg Germany (D.K.) the Department of Radiation Oncology University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Kiel Germany (D.K.) Medical School and University Medical Center OWL Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Bielefeld University Klinikum Lippe Detmold Germany (B.A.) Salzburg Regional Hospital Salzburg Austria (R.R.) Johanniter-Hospital Genthin-Stendal Genthin Germany (S.R.) the Institute of Pathology Philipps-University Marburg and University Hospital Marburg (UKGM) Marburg Germany (C.D.) Breast Center St. Gallen Kantonsspital St. Gallen Switzerland (I.B.) SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera Gera Germany (D.-M.Z.) the Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology Agaplesion Markus Hospital Frankfurt am Main Germany (M.T.) the German Breast Group Neu-Isenburg Germany (J. Holtschmidt V.N. S.L.) and the tumor and Breast Center Eastern Switzerland St. Gallen Switzerland (M.K.).

BACKGROUND:Whether surgical axillary staging as part of breast-conserving therapy can be omitted without compromising survival has remained unclear.MEtHODS:In this prospective, randomized, noninferiority trial, we investigated the omission of axillary surgery as compared with sentinel-lymph-node biopsy in patients with clinically node-negative invasive breast cancer staged as t1 or t2 (tumor size, ≤5 cm) who were scheduled to undergo breast-conserving surgery. We report here the per-protocol analysis of invasive disease-free survival (the primary efficacy outcome). to show the noninferiority of the omission of axillary surgery, the 5-year invasive disease-free survival rate had to be at least 85%, and the upper limit of the confidence interval for the hazard ratio for invasive disease or death had to be below 1.271.RESULtS:A total of 5502 eligible patients (90% with clinical t1 cancer and 79% with pathological t1 cancer) underwent randomization in a 1:4 ratio. the per-protocol population included 4858 patients; 962 were assigned to undergo treatment without axillary surgery (the surgery-omission group), and 3896 to undergo sentinel-lymph-node biopsy (the surgery group). the median follow-up was 73.6 months. the estimated 5-year invasive disease-free survival rate was 91.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.9 to 93.5) among patients in the surgery-omission group and 91.7% (95% CI, 90.8 to 92.6) among patients in the surgery group, with a hazard ratio of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.73 to 1.14), which was below the prespecified noninferiority margin. the analysis of the first primary-outcome events (occurrence or recurrence of invasive disease or death from any cause), which occurred in a total of 525 patients (10.8%), showed apparent differences between the surgery-omission group and the surgery group in the incidence of axillary recurrence (1.0% vs. 0.3%) and death (1.4% vs. 2.4%). the safety analysis indicates that patients in the surgery-omission group had a lower incidence

关键词： trial surgery axillary breast cancer-primary insema results

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Fungal diversity notes 1–110:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal species

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第3期72卷 1-197页

作者： Jian Kui Liu Kevin D.Hyde E.B.Gareth Jones Hiran A.Ariyawansa Darbhe J.Bhat Saranyaphat Boonmee Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Eric H.C.McKenzie Rungtiwa Phookamsak Chayanard Phukhamsakda Belle Damodara Shenoy Mohamed A,Abdel-Wahab Bart Buyck Jie Chen K.W.thilini Chethana Chonticha Singtripop Dong Qin Dai Yu Cheng Dai Dinushani ADaranagama Asha J.Dissanayake Mingkwan Doilom Melvina J.D’souza Xin Lei Fan Ishani DGoonasekara Kazuyuki Hirayama Sinang Hongsanan Subashini C.Jayasiri Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Samantha C.Karunarathna Wen Jing Li Ausana Mapook Chada Norphanphoun Ka Lai Pang Rekhani H.Perera Derek Peršoh Umpava Pinruan Indunil CSenanayake Sayanh Somrithipol Satinee Suetrong Kazuaki tanaka Kasun M.thambugala Qing tian Saowaluck tibpromma Danushka Udayanga Nalin N.Wijayawardene Dhanuska Wanasinghe Komsit Wisitrassameewong Xiang Yu Zeng Faten AAbdel-Aziz Slavomir Adamčík Ali H.Bahkali Nattawut Boonyuen timur Bulgakov Philippe Callac Putarak Chomnunti Katrin Greiner Akira Hashimoto Valerie Hofstetter Ji Chuan Kang david Lewis Xing Hong Li Xing Zhong Liu Zuo Yi Liu Misato Matsumura Peter E.Mortimer Gerhard Rambold Emile Randrianjohany Genki Sato Veera Sri-Indrasutdhi Cheng Ming tian Annemieke Verbeken Wolfgang von Brackel Yong Wang ting Chi Wen Jian Chu Xu Ji Ye Yan Rui Lin Zhao Erio Camporesi Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006GuizhouChina Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanChina Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Botany and Microbiology King Saudi UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand Formerly Department of Botany Goa UniversityGoaIndia No.128/1–J Azad Housing SocietyCurcaGoa VelhaIndia Muséum national d’histoire naturelle Dépt.Systématique etévolutionUMR 720575005 ParisFrance Institute of Microbiology&Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control Beijing Forestry UniversityPO Box 61Beijing 100083China Institute of Plant and Environment Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesNo.9 of Shu Guang Hua Yuan Zhong LuHaidian DistrictBeijing 10097China the Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Mycology University of BayreuthUniversitätsstraße 3095440 BayreuthGermany the United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Iwate University18-8 Ueda 3 chomeMorioka 020-8550Japan Apple Experiment Station Aomori Prefectural Agriculture and Forestry Research Center24 FukutamiBotandairaKuroishiAomori 036-0332Japan Department of Plant Protection Agroscope Changins-Wadenswil Research Station ACWRte de Duiller1260 NyonSwitzerland Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box:2455Riyadh 1145Saudi Arabia Department of Botany Faculty of ScienceSohag UniversitySohagEgypt Institute of Botany Slovak Academy of SciencesDúbravskácesta 984523 BratislavaSlovakia Hirosaki University Bleakwood262 CR 3062NewtonTexas 75966USA Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Hirosaki University3 Bunkyo-choHirosakiAomori

this paper is a compilation of notes on 110 fungal taxa,including one new family,10 new genera,and 76 new species,representing a wide taxonomic and geographic *** new family,Paradictyoarthriniaceae is introduced based on its distinct lineage in Dothideomycetes and its unique *** family is sister to Biatriosporaceae and *** new genera are Allophaeosphaeria(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Amphibambusa(Amphisphaeriaceae),Brunneomycosphaerella(Capnodiales genera incertae cedis),Chaetocapnodium(Capnodiaceae),Flammeascoma(Anteagloniaceae),Multiseptospora(Pleosporales genera incertae cedis),Neogaeumannomyces(Magnaporthaceae),Palmiascoma(Bambusicolaceae),Paralecia(Squamarinaceae)and Sarimanas(Melanommataceae).the newly described species are the Ascomycota Aliquandostipite manochii,Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis,***,Alternaria cesenica,Amphibambusa bambusicola,Amphisphaeria sorbi,Annulohypoxylon thailandicum,Atrotorquata spartii,Brunneomycosphaerella laburni,Byssosphaeria musae,Camarosporium aborescentis,***,***,Chaetocapnodium siamensis,Chaetothyrium agathis,Colletotrichum sedi,Conicomyces pseudotransvaalensis,Cytospora berberidis,***,Diaporthe thunbergiicola,Diatrype palmicola,Dictyosporium aquaticum,***,***,Didymella cirsii,Dinemasporium nelloi,Flammeascoma bambusae,Kalmusia italica,***,Keissleriella sparticola,Lauriomyces synnematicus,Leptosphaeria ebuli,Lophiostoma pseudodictyosporium,***,Lophiotrema eburnoides,Montagnula graminicola,Multiseptospora thailandica,Myrothecium macrosporum,Natantispora unipolaris,Neogaeumannomyces bambusicola,Neosetophoma clematidis,***,Oxydothis atypica,Palmiascoma gregariascomum,Paraconiothyrium nelloi,***,Paradictyoarthrinium tectonicola,Paralecia pratorum,Paraphaeosphaeria spartii,Pestalotiopsis digitalis,***,***,Phaeoisaria pseudoclematidis,Phragmocapnias philippinensis,Pseudocamarosporium cotinae,Pseudocercospora tam

关键词： Ascomycota Basidiomycota Global taxonomy Initiative Phylogeny taxonomy

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二尖瓣修补时行经食管超声心动图利用压力减半时间计算的结果低估了二尖瓣膜面积

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2006年第8期2卷 42-42页

作者： Poh K. - K. Hong E. C. -t. Yang H. 韩瑞娟(译) 任付先(校) Cardiac Department Main Building National University Hospital 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road 119074 Singapore Singapore 不详

Background: Mitral valve repair(MVRr) has become themainstay of surgical treatment for mitral valvular regurgitation. Evaluation of MVRr by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography(IOE) has been routinely employed to guide the operation. While the main objective of IOE is to assess for residual mitral regurgitation, it is also important to exclude significant mitral stenosis. Utilisation of pressure half-time(PHt) to estimate mitral valve area(MVA) has been shown to be reliable in normal clinical situations. However, in MVRr, the accuracy of MVA calculation by PHt needs to be ascertained. Methods and results: Data from IOE and post-MVRr transthoracic echocardiography(ttE) from the year 1998 to 2002 were analysed and when required, offline PHt measurements were made. the mean time interval between the two echocardiographic examinations was 10.6(1 to 56) weeks. In our 36 cases, the IOE MVA was found to be 2.1± 0.5 cm2, with the corresponding ttE MVA to be 2.7± 1.0 cm2. MVA by PHt with IOE underestimated ttE findings by 0.6± 0.9 cm2(95% CI:-0.85 to-0.24, P=0.001). In 6 patients, the IOE MVA was moderately reduced. Subsequent ttE in these patients showed that the MVA was adequate and was significantly underestimated by IOE in 5 of these patients. In all these cases, IOE underestimated MVA by a margin, which may result in a need to revise the repair. Conclusion: We find that IOE immediately after MVRr tends to underestimate MVA by PHt calculation. the underestimation by IOE may have clinical importance in cases when MVA by IOE is moderately reduced. therefore, pressure half-time measurement should not be used to assess mitral valve areas during mitral valve repair.

关键词：经食管超声心动图压力减半时间二尖瓣修补二尖瓣膜面积经胸超声心动图超声心动图检查二尖瓣反流二尖瓣狭窄 PHt

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饥饿可能是2型糖尿病复发的驱动因素

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英国医学杂志中文版 2018年第9期21卷 539-539页

作者：聂小敏(译) 包玉倩(校) 上海交通大学附属第六人民医院内分泌代谢科

在去年的一期BMJ杂志上，我看到MeCombie和同事们在文章中讨论2型糖尿病（t2DM）的缓解。5年前，当我被诊断为t2DM时，我决定通过节食来减肥。我体重减轻了13k，现在体重维持在71～72kg。我的体质指数（BMI）是24．3kg／m2。我的血压只... 详细信息

在去年的一期BMJ杂志上，我看到MeCombie和同事们在文章中讨论2型糖尿病（t2DM）的缓解。5年前，当我被诊断为t2DM时，我决定通过节食来减肥。我体重减轻了13k，现在体重维持在71～72kg。我的体质指数（BMI）是24．3kg／m2。我的血压只有一次曾达到130／70mmHg，通常都在120／80mmHg以下。不过说来也怪，我的胆固醇超标已经有至少40年了，我接受过冠状动脉旁路移植术，安装了心脏起搏器，也接受了经导管主动脉瓣置人术。我目前88岁，每天步行2英里。

关键词：驱动力糖尿病类型饥饿恶化

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Nature:研究利用单细胞分析阐明癌症干细胞在脑癌中的关键角色

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现代生物医学进展 2017年第6期17卷 I0003-I0003页

作者： Itay tirosh, Andrew S. Venteicher, Christine Hebert, Leah E. Escalante, Keren Yizhak, Jonathan M. Fisher, Christopher Rodman, Mariella G. Filbin, Cyril Neftel, Jackson Nyman, Benjamin Izar, Joshua M. Francis, Kenneth J. Livak, Dave Gennert, Rahul Satija, todd R. Golub, Miguel N. Rivera, Gad Getz, Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen, Bradley E. Bernstein, Aviv Regev Mario L. Suv agrave Andrew S. Venteicher, Christine Hebert, Leah E. Escalante, Keren Yizhak, Mariella G. Filbin, Cyril Neftel, Niyati Desai, Christina C. Luo, Aanand A. Patel, Maristela L. Onozato, Nicolo Riggi, Ravindra Mylvaganam, A. John Iafrate, Matthew P. Frosch, Miguel N. Rivera, Gad Getz, Bradley E. Bernstein, david N. Louis Mario L. Suv agrave Andrew S. Venteicher, Anoop P. Patel, Brian V. Nahed, William t. Curry, Robert L. Martuza Daniel P. Cahill Christopher Mount Michelle Monje Mariella G. Filbin todd R. Golub Joshua M. Francis todd R. Golub Aviv Regev Broad Institute of Harvard and MIt Cambridge Massachusetts 02142 USA Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02114 USA Department of Neurosurgery Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02114 USA Departments of Neurology Neurosurgery Pediatrics and Pathology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California 94305 USA Department of Pediatric Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children’s Hospital Cancer Center Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA Department of Medical Oncology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute Koch Institute Department of Biology MIT Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA

近日。来自麻省总医院、博德研究所及哈佛大学的研究人员通过联合研究，在单细胞水平上对脑瘤基因组进行了分析。他们发现。癌症干细胞或许能够诱发少突神经胶质瘤的发生，少突神经胶质瘤是一种缓慢发展但却非常难以治愈的脑癌，相关研... 详细信息

近日。来自麻省总医院、博德研究所及哈佛大学的研究人员通过联合研究，在单细胞水平上对脑瘤基因组进行了分析。他们发现。癌症干细胞或许能够诱发少突神经胶质瘤的发生，少突神经胶质瘤是一种缓慢发展但却非常难以治愈的脑癌，相关研究刊登于Nature杂志上。同时研究者还首次在人类脑瘤样本中鉴别出了癌症干细胞及其分化的后代细胞。

关键词：干细胞单细胞分析癌症脑瘤神经胶质瘤键角利用研究人员

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血管性因素对认知损害和痴呆的促成作用美国心脏协会／美国卒中协会对医疗卫生专业人员的声明

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国际脑血管病杂志 2012年第2期20卷 85-124页

作者：无无无无无曹雯炜（译）糜建华（译）宋叶平（译）余寿芬（译）王飞（译）李焰生（译）美国心脏协会卒中委员会流行病学与预防委员会心血管护理委员会心血管放射学和介入委员会心血管外科和麻醉学委员会上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院神经科上海200127

背景与目的本科学声明提供了血管性因素对认知损害（co,airiveimpairment）和痴呆促成作用证据的纵览。血管性因素在老年认知损害和痴呆中的作用十分普遍。本文对血管性认知损害（vascularcognitiveimpairment，VCI）的定义、神经病理... 详细信息

背景与目的本科学声明提供了血管性因素对认知损害（co,airiveimpairment）和痴呆促成作用证据的纵览。血管性因素在老年认知损害和痴呆中的作用十分普遍。本文对血管性认知损害（vascularcognitiveimpairment，VCI）的定义、神经病理学、基础科学和病理生理学研究、神经影像学的作用、血管性和其他相关危险因素的作用以及潜在的防治方法进行了回顾，旨在为临床医生提供一份总体指导，以进一步加深对VCI和痴呆及其防治的理解。方法写作组成员由写作组联合主席基于先前在相关领域的研究成果提名，并经美国心脏协会（AmericanHeartAssociation，AHA）卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会、流行病学和预防委员会以及文稿监督委员会批准。写作组采用系统文献回顾（主要涵盖1990年至2010年5月期间的文献）、以往公布的指南、个人资料以及专家观点总结现有证据，提出当前知识的不足，并对适当的问题根据AHA标准制定推荐意见。所有写作组成员均有机会对推荐意见进行评论并认可了最终版本。经AHA的同行评议以及卒中委员会领导阶层、流行病学和预防委员会以及科学声明监督委员会审阅后，最终获得AHA科学咨询和协调委员会批准。结果VCI概念的提出涵盖了与所有类型脑血管性脑损害（而不仅仅是卒中）相关的整个认知障碍（cognitivedisorder）谱，其范围从轻度认知损害到完全痴呆。神经血管单元和脑血流调节机制障碍可能是VCI的潜在病理生理学过程的重要组成部分。脑淀粉样血管病已成为阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimerdisease，AD）、微梗死、微出血、脑出血以及VCI风险的一个重要标志。老年认知损害的神经病理学改变常常是AD与微血管性脑损害的混合状态，二者可叠加和协同增高认知损害风险。就此而言，MRI和其他神经影像学技术在VCI的确定和识别中起着重要作用，并提供证据说明以白质高信号和小的深部梗死为特征的皮质下型VCI很常见。在许多情况下，VCI的风险标志同样也是卒中的传统危险因素。这些危险因素包括但不仅限于心房颤动、高血压、糖尿病和高胆固醇血症。而且，这些血管危险因素也可能是AD的风险标志。颈动脉内膜一中膜厚度和动脉僵硬度是动脉老化的标记物，也可能成为VCI的风险标志。目前，美国食品药物管理局尚未批准任何VCI的特异性治疗方法。不过，对卒中和心血管病传统危险因素的评价和控制，可能对包括老年人群在内的VCI的预防具有作用。结论血管性因素在认知损害和痴呆中的促成作用很重要。近年来，在临床前、神经病理学、神经影像学、生理学和流行病学研究基础上，对VCI的认识得到了不断提高。推荐使用跨学科的、转化的以及交互的方法进一步加深对此领域的了解，并更好地掌握其神经心理学特征。需要开展前瞻性定量临床一病理学一神经影像学研究，以提高对神经影像学改变的病理学基础，以及血管病变和AD病变在VCI和AD临床演变中的复杂的丰互作用的认识。可能需要在中年期尽早肝始对血管危险标志进行长期干预，以预防或延迟VCI或AD发病的研究。住高危人群I}1强化控制血管危险因素则是另一个重要的研究方向。

关键词： AHA科学声明血管性痴呆阿尔茨海默病危险因素预防治疗

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冠状动脉CtA自动三维定量非钙化性斑块:与血管内超声的对比研究

引用

国际医学放射学杂志 2011年第1期34卷 77-页

作者： D.Dey t.Schepis M.Marwan P.J.Slomka D.S.Berman S.Achenbach 杨荣荣 Department of Imaging Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterCedars-Sinai Heart Instituteand David-Geffen School of Medicine

目的评价先前研发的自动算法[AUtOPLAQ(APQ)]对冠状动脉Ct血管成像中非钙化性斑块和钙化性斑块的快速容积定量的准确性,并与血管内超声进行对照。

关键词：非钙化性斑块血管成像 CtA 血管内超声冠状动脉

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