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Saudi Consensus on the Usage of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on the Management of Chronic Kidney Diseases

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2023年第12期14卷 525-539页

作者： Abdulrahman Alsheikh Ahmed Aljedai Hajer Almudaiheem Salwa Alaidarous Ali Alshehri Hussein Elbadawi Saeed Alghamdi Faisal Aljehani Sami Alobaidi Talal A. Altuwaijri Khalid Almatham david strain Marc Evans Emad R. Issak Saud Alsifri King Abdulaziz University Hospital Jeddah Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health Riyadh Saudi Arabia Ministry of National Guards Hospital Jeddah Saudi Arabia King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia My Clinic Jeddah Saudi Arabia College of Medicine University of Jeddah Jeddah Saudi Arabia College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia University of Exeter Medical School Exeter UK University Hospital Llandough Cardiff UK College of Medicine Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Alhada Armed Forces Hospital Taif Saudi Arabia

According to recent epidemiological data, chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) affect approximately 10% of the global population. Like many countries, CKD is a significant public health issue in Saudi Arabia. The prevalence of CKD in Saudi Arabia is estimated to be around 4.5% of the adult population, with a higher prevalence in older age groups. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are a class of oral medications used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to their glucose-lowering effects, SGLT2i have been shown to have beneficial effects on kidney function in patients with or without T2DM. Therefore, a Saudi task force gathered to develop an explicit, evidence-based consensus on SGLT2i use in CKD Saudi patients. A panel of 14 experts made up a task force. An initial concept proposal was obtained. The proposal was divided into several topics discussed on 24 May 2023. A literature review was carried out. The literature search was completed on 3rd June 2023. A drafted report was distributed to the entire panel. Approval of the recommendations required consensus, defined as a majority approval (i.e. above 75%). The recommendations were revised to accommodate any differences of opinion until a consensus was reached. Recommendations were finally formulated on 21st June 2023. Subsequently, the panel reviewed and discussed the supporting rationale of the revised recommendations. This article presents these practical recommendations.

关键词： Chronic Kidney Disease Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Adverse Effects Monitoring Canagliflozin Dapagliflozin Empagliflozin

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A systematic scoping review of study methodology for randomized controlled trials investigating probiotics in athletic and physically active populations

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 61-71页

作者： Alex E.Mohr david B.Pyne Geovana Silva Fogaça Leite Deborah Akins Jamie Pugh College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Research Institute for Sport and Exercise University of CanberraCanberraACT 2617Australia Laboratory of Functional Fermented Food Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-030Brazil Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool L33AFUK

Background:The purported ergogenic and health effects of probiotics have been a topic of great intrigue among researchers,practitioners,and the lay public *** has also been an increased research focus within the realm of sports science and exercise medicine on the athletic gut ***,compared to other ergogenic aids and dietary supplements,probiotics present unique study *** objectives of this systematic scoping review were to identify and characterize study methodologies of randomized controlled trials investigating supplementation with probiotics in athletes and physically active ***:Four databases(MEDLINE,CINAHL,Cochrane CENTRAL,and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)were searched for randomized controlled studies involving healthy athletes or physically active *** intervention with probiotics and inclusion of a control and/or placebo group were *** peer-reviewed articles in English were considered,and there were no date *** were extracted and presented in tabular form to detail study protocols,characteristics,and *** in randomized controlled trials was determined with the RoB 2.0 ***:A total of 45 studies were included in the review,with 35 using a parallel group design and 10 using a cross-over *** half the studies used a single probiotic and the other half a multi-strain *** probiotic dose ranged from 2×10^(8)to 1×10^(11)colony forming units daily,and the length of intervention was between 7 and 150 *** than half the studies directly assessed gastrointestinal symptoms,gut permeability,or the gut *** sex ratio of participants was heavily weighted toward males,and only 3 studies exclusively investigated ***-level adverse events were reported in only 2 studies,although the methodology of reporting varied *** risk of bias was generally low,although details on randomization were lacking in some s

关键词： Exercise Experimental methodology Gastrointestinal symptoms Gut microbiota Probiotic supplementation

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Saudi Consensus on the Usage of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on the Management of Chronic Kidney Diseases

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine（临床医学国际期刊） 2023年第12期

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Nb含量对X70钢级直缝埋弧焊管组织及强韧性的影响

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钢管 2024年第1期53卷 29-34页

作者：何小东张永青 HAN david 陈越峰杨耀彬中国石油集团工程材料研究院有限公司·石油管材及装备材料服役行为与结构安全国家重点实验室陕西西安710077 国际焊接研究中心陕西西安710077 中信金属股份有限公司北京100004

检测了Nb含量为0.046%和0.075%的X70直缝埋弧焊管的强韧性,分析了管体的微观组织。结果表明:随着Nb含量升高,管体的平均晶粒尺寸减小,组织由PF+B_(粒)转变为以B_(粒)为主;管体横向拉伸应力-应变曲线均为典型的“拱顶”型,拉伸性能均满... 详细信息

检测了Nb含量为0.046%和0.075%的X70直缝埋弧焊管的强韧性,分析了管体的微观组织。结果表明:随着Nb含量升高,管体的平均晶粒尺寸减小,组织由PF+B_(粒)转变为以B_(粒)为主;管体横向拉伸应力-应变曲线均为典型的“拱顶”型,拉伸性能均满足要求,但含量为0.075%Nb的管体的横向屈服强度和抗拉强度较高;Nb含量相同时,C含量越高,其屈服强度和抗拉强度越高;含量为0.075%Nb的钢管具有更好的低温冲击韧性,但含量为0.046%Nb的钢管的韧-脆转变曲线具有更高的上平台能。Nb含量较高、C含量较低的钢管的热影响区也具有更好的低温韧性。探讨了C、Nb元素的含量及组织类型、析出相和位错密度对X70管线钢强韧性的影响。

关键词：直缝埋弧焊管管线钢 X70 铌含量微观组织强韧性

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Numerical analysis for the prediction of bump prone conditions:A southern Appalachian pillar coal bump case study

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第1期31卷 75-81页

作者： Christopher Newman david Newman Appalachian Mining&Engineering Inc.LexingtonKY 40503USA

Two miners were fatally injured when a pillar bump occurred during retreat mining in a southern West Virginia coal *** mine was operating in the Eagle seam with overmining in the No.2 Gas and Powellton seams.A coal bump is defined as a sudden and violent failure of coal caused by the release of stored strain energy in the *** significant strides have been made by academia,industry,and regulatory agencies to better understand bump conditions and mitigation techniques,coal bumps represent a long standing,highly site-specific engineering problem in which the exact failure mechanism is not clearly *** this case history,a cut-by-cut analysis of retreat mining operations was conducted on the 4 East Main leading up to the pillar bump *** input parameters were derived from site-specific geologic information and mine geometry for the analysis of pillar stress conditions and energy release using *** overview of stress conditions in the panel was presented including a precursor event that occurred two crosscuts inby the bump *** methodology presented in the paper for the evaluation of the fatal bump event can be used for the identification of bump prone conditions prior to development and retreat of a mining area.

关键词： Bump Burst Coal Energy release rate LaModel Numerical modeling

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Meta-analysis reveals that reproductive strategies are associated with sexual differences in oxidative balance across vertebrates

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 1-11页

作者： david COSTANTINI UMR 7221 Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 7 rue Cuvier 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France Department of Evolutionary Ecology Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17 Berlin 10315 Germany Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group Department of Biology University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 Wilrijk 2610 Belgium

Oxidative stress is a key physiological mechanism underlying life-history tradeoffs. Here, I use meta-analytic techniques to test whether sexual differences in oxidative balance are common in vertebrates and to identify which factors are associated with such differences. The dataset included 732 effect size estimates from 100 articles （82 species）. Larger unsigned effect size （meaning larger sexual differences in a given marker） occurred in： reptiles and fish; those species that do not pro- vide parental care; and oviparous species. Estimates of signed effect size （positive values meaning higher oxidative stress in males） indicated that females were less resistant to oxidative stress than males in： reptiles while males and females were similar in fish, birds, and mammals; those species that do not provide parental care; and oviparous species. There was no evidence for a significant sexual differentiation in oxidative balance in fish, birds, and mammals. Effect size was not associ- ated with： the number of offspring; whether the experimental animals were reproducing or not; biomarker （oxidative damage, non-enzymatic, or enzymatic antioxidant）, the species body mass; the strain （wild vs. domestic）; or the study environment （wild vs. captivity）. Oxidative stress tended to be higher in females than males across most of the tissues analyzed. Levels of residual heterogeneity were high in all models tested. The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that diversification of reproductive strategies might be associated with sexual differences in oxidative balance. This explorative meta-analysis offers a starting platform for future research to investigate the rela-tionship between sex and oxidative balance further.

关键词： antioxidants oviparity oxidative damage parental care vertebrates viviparity.

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Application of a transversely isotropic brittle rock mass model in roof support design

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2012年第5期22卷 639-643页

作者： david Oliveira Coffey Geotechnics NSW 2066Australia

Accurate modelling of the potential failure modes in the rock mass is an essential task towards a robust design of roof support systems in coal *** use of generalised rock mass properties based on averaged properties(***-Brown model) has been found to limit the capability to reproduce the actual rock mass behaviour which may include a wide range of interacting and complex failure mechanisms such as shear and tension fracturing of the intact rock and shear and separation of pre-existing discontinuities,including *** studies have also shown that traditional models,such as the Mohr-Coulomb,may not accurately describe the behaviour of the intact rock,particularly for stress induced failures where spalling and slabbing are *** is mainly due to the cohesion and friction components of the shear strength of the intact rock not being mobilised at the same rate with strain-softening of the former component playing an essential role in the post peak *** addition,coal measure rocks are often transversely isotropic,both by way of the preferred orientation of clay particles within the finer grained lithology and by bedding textures and bedding partings,and this is often ignored in computer simulations.A newly developed transversely isotropic brittle rock mass model is applied in the simulation of a hypothetical and simple roadway development.A Cohesion Weakening-Friction Strengthening(CWFS) approach is adopted to describe the intact rock where the mobilisation and strain-softening of the two shear strength components are linked to plastic *** impacts of anisotropy and brittle rock on the development of the excavation disturbed zone or height of softening,as often referred to,are investigated and their implication in the roof support design discussed.

关键词： Transverse isotropy Brittle behaviour Cohesion weakening-friction strengthening Ubiquitous joints

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Gradient microstructure and enhanced mechanical performance of magnesium alloy by severe impact loading

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第1期36卷 45-49页

作者： Maryam Jamalian david P.Field School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering.Washington State University PullmanUSA

Subjecting a workpiece to a surface treatment with severe impact loading is a novel severe plastic deformation procedure to fabricate gradient microstructures through the thickness and longitudinal *** performance is a function of twin density and the newly-formed grain size gradients.{1012}tensile twins created from processing without excessive grain refinement lead to strength enhancement with retained *** of residual strain by a single impact results in a significant reduction in time and cost of the *** paper investigates the effect of applying severe impact loading on mechanical and microstructural properties of magnesium for various impact velocities.

关键词： Surface modification Twinning Magnesium alloys Mechanical properties Severe impact loading(SIL)

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Dislocation Creep Accommodated by Grain Boundary Sliding in Dunite

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第5期21卷 541-554页

作者： Yonghong Zhao david L Kohlstedt School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Minnesota

To investigate the role of grain boundary sliding during dislocation creep of dunite, a series of deformation experiments were carried out under anhydrous conditions on fine-grained （-15 μm） samples synthesized from powdered San Carlos olivine and powdered San Carlos olivine＋1.5 vol.% MORB. Triaxial compressive creep tests were conducted at a temperature of 1 473 K and confining pressures of 200 and 400 MPa using a high-resolution, gas-medium deformation apparatus. Each sample was deformed at several levels of differential stress between 100 and 250 MPa to yield strain rates in the range of 10^-6 to 10^-4 s^-1. Under these conditions, the dominant creep mechanism involves the motion of dislocations, largely on the easy slip system （010）[100], accommodated by grain boundary sliding （gbs）. This grain size-sensitive creep regime is characterized by a stress exponent of n=3.4±0.2 and a grain size exponent of p=2.0±0.2. The activation volume for this gbs-accommodated dislocation creep regime is V＊=（26±3）×10^-6 m2·mol^-1. Comparison of our flow law for gbs-accommodated dislocation creep with those for diffusion creep and for dislocation creep reveals that the present flow law is important for the flow of mantle rocks with grain sizes of 〈100μm at differential stresses 〉20 MPa. Hence, gbs-accommodated dislocation creep is likely to be an important deformation mechanism in deep-rooted, highly localized shear zones in the lithospheric upper mantle.

关键词： grain boundary sliding creep olivine flow law.

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Mechanical response of fabric sheets to three-dimensional bending, twisting, and stretching

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2015年第3期31卷 373-382页

作者： david J.Steigmann Francesco dell'Isola Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California International Research Center for Mathematics and Mechanics of Complex Systems Università dell’Aquila Dipartimento di Ingegneria Strutturale e Geotecnica Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’

A model for the mechanics of woven fabrics is developed in the framework of two-dimensional elastic surface theory. Thickness effects are modeled indirectly in terms of appropriate constitutive equations. The model accounts for the strain of the fabric and additional effects associated with the normal bending, geodesic bending, and twisting of the constituent fibers.

关键词： Woven fabrics Elastic surface theory strain gradients

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