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simple technique to fabricate microscale and nanoscale silicon waveguide devices

Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2009年第3期2卷 308-311页

作者： Yao CHEN Junbo FENG Zhiping ZHOU Christopher J.sUMMERs david s.citrin Jun YU Department of Electronic science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and Technology state Key Laboratory on Advanced Optical Communication systems and Networks Peking University school of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology school of Materials science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Unité Mixte Internationale 2958 Georgia Tech-CNRs Georgia Tech Lorraine

Fabrication of microscale and nanoscale silicon waveguide devices requires patterning silicon, but until recently, exploitation of the technology has been restricted by the difficulty of forming ever-small features with minimum linewidth fluctuation. A technique was developed for fabricating such devices achieving vertical sidewall profile, smooth sidewall roughness of less than10 nm, and fine features of 40 nm. subsequently, silicon microring resonator and silicon-grating coupler were realized using this technique.

关键词： nanofabrication silicon waveguide roughness microring resonator grating coupler

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Estimated cost for cardiovascular disease risk-based management at a primary healthcare center in Nepal

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Global Health Research and Policy 2020年第1期5卷 414-422页

作者： Anu Aryal david citrin scott Halliday Anirudh Kumar Prajwol Nepal Archana shrestha Rachel Nugent Dan schwarz Nyaya Health Nepal KathmanduNepal Department of Global Health University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Anthropology University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Henry M.Jackson school of International studies University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Icahn school of Medicine at Mount sinai Arnhold Institute for Global HealthNew YorkNYUSA Department of Medicine NYU Langone HealthNew YorkNYUSA Gillings school of Public Health University of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA school of Medical sciences Kathmandu UniversityDhulikhelNepal Center for Methods in Implementation and Prevention science Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenCTUSA Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenCTUSA RTI International SeattleWAUSA Department of Medicine Division of Global Health EquityBrigham&Women’s Hospital75 Francis StreetBostonMA 02115USA Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMAUSA Department of Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Ariadne Labs Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA

Background:Low-and middle-income countries are facing an increasing burden of disability and death due to cardiovascular *** makers and healthcare providers alike need resource estimation tools to improve healthcare delivery and to strengthen healthcare systems to address this *** estimated the direct medical costs of primary prevention,screening,and management for cardiovascular diseases in a primary healthcare center in Nepal based on the Global Hearts evidence based treatment protocols for risk-based ***:We adapted the World Health Organization’s non-communicable disease costing tool and built a model to predict the annual cost of primary CVD prevention,screening,and management at a primary healthcare center *** used a one-year time horizon and estimated the cost from the Nepal government’s *** used Nepal health insurance board’s price for medicines and laboratory tests,and used Nepal government’s salary for human resource *** the model,we estimated annual incremental cost per case,cost for the entire population,and cost per *** also estimated the amount of medicines for one-year,annual number of laboratory tests,and the monthly incremental work load of physicians and nurses who deliver these ***:For a primary healthcare center with a catchment population of 10,000,the estimated cost to screen and treat 50%of eligible patients is UsD21.53 per case and averages UsD1.86 per capita across the catchment *** cost of screening and risk profiling only was estimated to be UsD2.49 per *** same coverage level,we estimated that an average physician’s workload will increase annually by 190 h and by 111 h for nurses,i.e.,additional 28.5 workdays for physicians and 16.7 workdays for *** total annual cost could amount up to UsD18,621 for such a primary healthcare ***:This is a novel study for a PHC-based,primary CVD risk-based management program in Nepal,which can provi

关键词： Health care economics and organizations Cardiovascular diseases Risk management Global health Primary care Nepal

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