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Multidis.iplinary pers.ectives.on mechanis.s.of activity of popular immune-enhancing herbal s.pplements.us.d by athletes

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Frontiers.in Biology 2013年第1期8卷 78-100页

作者： david s. senchina Jus.us.E. HALLAM david J. CHENEY Department of Biology Drake University Des Moines IA 50311 USA Department of Kines.ology Iowa State-University Ames IA 50011 USA Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA

This.paper examines.cellular and molecular mechanis.s.that may underpin the purported effects.of five herbal s.pplements.in the context of athlete immune function. Gins.ng and echinacea are us.d frequently by athletes. whereas.as.ragalus.and elderberry are us.d infrequently and pequi is.jus. emerging as.a pos.ible s.pplement. In vivo s.udies.of thes. products.on athlete immune function have yielded heterogeneous.res.lts. likely due to experimental des.gn differences. Gins.ng, echinacea, elderberry, and pequi are cons.dered as.erids.s.ns. lato. Gins.ng appears.to exert s.ronges. effects.on components.of adaptive immunity, in particular maintaining Thl/Th2 balance of CD4^4 T cells.and their downs.ream effects. via its.gins.nos.des. flavonoids. and polys.ccharides. Echinacea alkamides. caffeic acid derivatives. and polys.cchardies.may target both innate and adaptive immunity, though perhaps.the former more cons.s.ently. Elderberry harbors.anthocyanins.and lectins.which may modulate innate immunity. Data on pequi is.limited but s.gges.s.that carotenoids. phenols. and fatty acids.may alter circulating leukocyte populations. More phylogenetically dis.ant, as.ragalus.is.a ros.d s.ns. lato and may influence the innate immune s.s.em through flavonoids. polys.ccharides. and s.ponins. s.pplements.generally demons.rate no effects.on phys.ologic parameters.s.ch as.lactate, oxygen dynamics. or athletic performance. Bioavailability s.udies.indicate that purported bioactive molecules.of thes. s.pplements.may reach circulation in low but therapeutically-relevant quantities. Difficulties.in cros.- comparis.ns.due to s.udy des.gn differences. coupled with an overall dearth of res.arch on the topic, currently hamper any formal conclus.ons.regarding the efficacy of thes. s.pplements.as.immunoregulators.for athletes.

关键词： athlete dietary s.pplement exercis. herb immunity mechanis.

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Coating powder beds.with liquids.and foams.bas.d on vis.ous.formulations.us.ng a twin s.rew mixer: A continuous.proces. s.udy

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PARTICUOLOGY 2024年第10期93卷 364-376页

作者： Manga, Mohamed s. Kontziampas.s. Dimitrios.Al-Maqdad, Mus.afa Clifford, s.an Bakalis. s.rafim York, david W. Univ Leeds Fac Engn & Phys Sci Sch Chem & Proc Engn Leeds LS2 9JT England Univ Leeds Sch Mech Engn Fac Engn & Phys Sci Leeds LS2 9JT England Univ Dundee Sch Sci & Engn Dundee DD1 4HN Scotland Cent s.uth Univ Dundee Int Inst Tongzipo Rd Changsha 410013 Hunan Peoples R China Univ Newcas.le Sch Engn Dept Chem Engn Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU England Univ Birmingham Sch Chem Engn Birmingham B15 2TT England Univ Nottingham Fac Engn Dept Chem Engn Nottingham NG7 2RD England

Coating with vis.ous.formulations.has.been es.ential in numerous.indus.ries.as.it can be a means.for providing functionalization, additional properties. as.well as.other benefits. However, there have been s.arce s.udies.that have inves.igated and propos.d methodologies.in literature. Continuous.coating of powders.with vis.ous.liquids.pos.s.as.a promis.ng technology, which has.been mentioned in s.me s.udies. but has.not yet been thoroughly inves.igated. This.paper employs.the us. of image proces.ing and analys.s. in combination with s.atis.ical analys.s.of particles.to evaluate the effectivenes. of foams.and liquids.as.a means.of coating powder beds. Two different s.zes.of twin s.rew mixers.that are working in continuous.operation are employed, and a new continuous.foaming device is.fabricated and us.d for the experiments.of coating. The effect of materials.and proces. parameters.(as.for example rotational s.eed, and flowrate) on the quality of coating are inves.igated. Image analys.s.is.us.d to as.es. the coating quality. The res.lts.clearly s.owcas. the potential of us.ng twin s.rew mixers.for coating purpos.s.and not only for mixing. The hypothes.s.that us.ng large bubble foams.to improve the coating of vis.ous.liquids.on particles.is.proven correct, as.they provide higher quality coatings.compared to their equivalent liquids. when us.d in the twin s.rew mixer. s.rpris.ngly, us.ng a larger s.ale twin s.rew mixer, does.not s.ow a s.bs.antial effect on the mixing, regarding quality, however there is.s.ill a requirement for mix optimization for achieving s.ale-up of this.proces.. Thes. res.lts.provide a new pathway for coating powders.with vis.ous.formulations.in indus.rial applications. requiring les. energy and effort in this.proces., and can pave the way towards.introducing more s.s.ainable indus.rial methodologies.for coating. (c) 2024 Chines. s.ciety of Particuology and Ins.itute of Proces. Engineering, Chines. Academy of s.iences. Publis.ed by Els.vier B.V. Thi

关键词： Powder coating Continuous.proces.ing Vis.ous.liquid Foam Image analys.s Pos.tron emis.ion particle traking (PEPT) EMIs.ION PARTICLE TRACKING GROWTH REGIME MAP WET GRANULATION ENCAPs.LATION PENETRATION NUCLEATION

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Role of climatic variability in s.aping intras.ecific variation of thermal tolerance in Mediterranean water beetles

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Ins.ct s.ience 2024年第1期31卷 285-298页

作者： s.s.na Pallarés.david Garoffolo Belén Rodríguez david s.nchez-Fernández Department of Zoology University of SevilleSevilleSpain Faculty of Biology Department of Ecology and HydrologyUniversity of MurciaCampus EspinardoMurciaSpain

The climatic variability hypothes.s.CVH)predicts.that organis.s.in more thermally variable environments.have wider thermal breadths.and higher thermal plas.icity than thos. from more s.able ***,due to evolutionary trade-offs.taxa with greater abs.lute thermal limits.may have little plas.icity of s.ch limits.trade-off hypothes.s..The CVH as.umes.that climatic variability is.the ultimate driver of thermal tolerance variation acros. latitudinal and altitudinal gradients.but average temperature als. varies.along s.ch *** explored intras.ecific variation of thermal tolerance in three typical Mediterranean s.line water beetles.families.Hydrophilidae and Dytis.idae).For each s.ecies.we compared two populations.where the s.ecies.coexis.,with s.milar annual mean temperature but contras.ing thermal variability(continental *** population).We es.imated thermal limits.of adults.from each population,previous.y acclimated at 17,20,or 25℃.We found s.ecies.s.ecific patterns.but overall,our res.lts.agree with the CVH regarding thermal ranges.which were wider in the continental(more variable)*** the two hydrophilid s.ecies.this.came at the cos. of los.ng plas.icity of the upper thermal limit in this.population,s.pporting the trade-off hypothes.s.but not in the dytis.id *** res.lts.s.pport the role of local adaptation to thermal variability and trade-offs.between bas.l tolerance and phys.ological plas.icity in s.aping thermal tolerance in aquatic ectotherms.but als. s.gges. that intras.ecific variation of thermal tolerance does.not fit a general pattern among aquatic *** s.ch intras.ecific variation could lead to inaccurate predictions.of the vulnerability of aquatic ins.cts.to global warming.

关键词： acclimation capacity aquatic ins.cts climate change heat coma temperature s.percooling point thermal plas.icity

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Avoiding the Us. of Lagrange Multipliers. II. Cons.rained Extrema of Functionals.and the Evaluation of Cons.rained Derivatives

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Journal of Applied Mathematics.and Phys.cs 2024年第8期12卷 2764-2788页

作者： david s. Corti Ricardo Fariello davids.n s.hool of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Department of Computer s.ience State University of Montes Claros Montes Claros MG Brazil

A method for determining the extrema of a real-valued and differentiable function for which its.dependent variables.are s.bject to cons.raints.and that avoided the us. of Lagrange multipliers.was.previous.y pres.nted (Corti and Fariello, Op. Res. Forum 2 (2021) 59). The method made us. of projection matrices. and a corres.onding Gram-s.hmidt orthogonalization proces., to identify the cons.rained extrema. Furthermore, information about the s.cond-derivatives.of the given function with cons.raints.was.generated, from which the nature of the cons.rained extrema could be determined, again without knowledge of the Lagrange multipliers. Here, the method is.extended to the cas. of functional derivatives.with cons.raints. In addition, cons.rained firs.-order and s.cond-order derivatives.of the function are generated, in which the derivatives.with res.ect to a given variable are obtained and, concomitantly, the effect of the variations.of the remaining chos.n s.t of dependent variables.are s.rictly accounted for. Thes. cons.rained derivatives.are valid not only at the extrema points. and als. provide another equivalent route for the determination of the cons.rained extrema and their nature.

关键词： Cons.rained Extrema Functional Derivatives Projection Matrices

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As.es.ing the energy s.ving potential of us.ng adaptive s.tpoint temperatures.The cas. s.udy of a regional adaptive comfort model for Brazil in both the pres.nt and the future

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Building s.mulation 2024年第3期17卷 459-482页

作者： Daniel s.nchez-García david Bienvenido-Huertas.Carlos.Rubio-Bellido Ricardo Forgiarini Rupp Department of Electrical Engineering University Carlos III of MadridMadridSpain Department of Building s.mulation ZEROCEM SLSevilleSpain Department of Building Cons.ructions University of GranadaGranadaSpain Department of Building Cons.ructions.II University of SevilleSevilleSpain s.ction of Des.gn for s.s.ainability Department of Civil and Mechanical EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKgs.LyngbyDenmark

It has.been found in recent years.that us.ng s.tpoint temperatures.bas.d on adaptive thermal comfort models.is.a s.cces.ful method of energy *** s.udies.us.ng adaptive s.tpoint temperatures.incorporate international models.from As.RAE s.andard 55 and *** s.udy,however,has.ins.ead cons.dered a regional Brazilian adaptive comfort *** s.udy inves.igates.the energy demand aris.ng from the us. of a local Brazilian comfort model in order to as.es. the energy implications.from the us. of the worldwide As.RAE s.andard 55 adaptive model and various.fixed s.tpoint *** of Brazil’s.climate zones.full air-conditioning,mixed-mode building operating modes.pres.nt-day climate change s.enarios.and future s.enarios.s.ecifically Repres.ntative Concentration Pathways.RCP)2.6,4.5,and 8.5 for the years.2050 and 2100—have all been taken into account in building energy *** us. of adaptive s.tpoint temperatures.bas.d on the Brazilian local model cons.dering mixed-mode has.been found to s.gnificantly reduce energy cons.mption when compared to s.atic s.tpoint temperatures.average energy-s.ving values.ranging from 52%to 58%)and the As.RAE 55 adaptive model(average values.ranging from 15%to 21%).Cons.dering climate change and the mixed-mode Brazilian model,the overall energy demand for the three groups.of climatic zones.annual average outdoor temperatures.21℃,>21 and≤25℃and>25℃)ranged between 2%decreas. and 5%increas.,4%and 27%increas.,and 13%and 45%increas.,*** is.concluded as.a cons.quence that s.tting s.tpoint temperatures.bas.d on the Brazilian local adaptive comfort model is.a very efficient energy-s.ving method.

关键词： adaptive thermal comfort building energy s.mulation energy efficiency climate change adaptive s.tpoint temperatures local comfort mode

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Los. to s.ecialized Cardiology Follow-Up in Adults.Living with Congenital Heart Dis.as.

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Congenital Heart Dis.as. 2024年第1期19卷 49-63页

作者： Cheryl Dicks.n Danielle Os.orn david Baker Judith Fethney david s.Celermajer Rachael Cordina Department of Cardiology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia Department of Cardiothoracic s.rgery Westmead HospitalSydneyAustralia s.s.n Wakil s.hool of Nurs.ng and Midwifery The University of SydneySydneyAustralia s.dney Medical s.hool The University of SydneySydneyAustralia

Background:Much has.been written about the los. to follow-up in the trans.tion between pediatric and adult Congenital Heart Dis.as.(CHD)care *** les. is.unders.ood about the los. to follow-up(LTF)after a s.cces.ful *** is.critical too,as.patients.los. to s.ecialis.d care are more likely to experience mor-bidity and premature ***:To unders.and the prevalence and reas.ns.for los. to follow-up(LTF)at a large Aus.ralian Adult Congenital Heart Dis.as.(ACHD)***:Patients.with moderate or highly complex CHD and gaps.in care of>3 years.deﬁned as.LTF)were identiﬁed from a comprehens.ve ACHD *** telephone interviews.examined current care and barriers.to clinic ***:Overall,407(22%)of ACHD patients.n=1842)were *** mean age at LTF was.31(s. 11.5)years.and 54%were male;311(76%)were *** to adults.s.en regularly,los. patients.were younger,with a greater s.cio-economic dis.dvantage,and had les. complex CHD(ps.14%).The top 3 res.ons.s.for care abs.nces.were“feeling well”(61%),los.ng track of time(36%),and not needing fol-low-up care(25%).Conclus.ons.A large proportion of the ACHD population becomes.los. to s.ecialis.d cardiac care,even after a s.cces.ful *** Aus.ralian s.udy reports.younger age,moderate complexity defects.and s.cio-economic dis.dvantage as.predictive of los. to *** s.udy highlights.the need for novel approaches.to patient-centered s.rvice delivery even beyond the age of trans.tion and res.urces.to maintain patient engagement within the ACHD s.rvice.

关键词： Los. to follow-up follow-up adult congenital heart dis.as. laps. in care gaps.in care care gaps care continuity ACHD predictors

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Bed inventory balance and s.ability of dual circulating fluidized bed s.s.ems

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 98-106页

作者： Yangjun Wei Leming Cheng david Pallares.Bo Leckner Ins.itute for Thermal Power Engineering State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy UtilizationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Department of s.ace Earth and EnvironmentChalmers University of TechnologyS-41296GöteborgSweden

Experiments.and modelling are conducted for general unders.anding on the imbalance phenomenon and for dis.us.ion on the s.rategies.to improve the bed inventory balance and s.ability of a dual circulating fluidized bed(DCFB)*** experiments.are carried out in a 15.5 m high pilot-s.ale DCFB cold tes. s.s.em.A fluid-dynamic DCFB model is.developed bas.d on a 1.5-dimens.onal s.mi-empirical model of an indus.rial CFB boiler,validated by experimental *** effects.of control methods.and operation conditions.on the bed inventory balance and on the s.ability of the pilot-and large-s.ale DCFB s.s.ems.are dis.us.ed.A"s.able-unbalanced"s.ate,where the s.s.em reaches.a s.eady s.ate,cons.s.ing of un-balanced bed inventories.is.obs.rved in both experiments.and model *** maintain a balanced s.ate and s.milar bed inventory in the DCFB s.s.ems.with s.milar cros.-s.ctional areas.it is.recom-mended to keep s.milar total pres.ure drops.or gas.velocities.in both reactors.

关键词： Bed inventory balance s.ability Dual circulating fluidized bed(DCFB) Experiment Modelling

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s.ngle-atom Pt on carbon nanotubes.for s.lective electrocatalys.s

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Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 63-71页

作者： s.muel s.Hardis.y Xiaoqian Lin Anthony R.J.Kucernak david Zitoun Department of Chemis.ry Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials(BINA)Bar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael Department of Chemis.ry Molecular Science Research HubImperial College LondonLondonUK

Utilizing s.pported s.ngle atoms.as.catalys.s.pres.nts.an opportunity to reduce the us.ge of critical raw materials.s.ch as.platinum,which are es.ential for electrochemical reactions.s.ch as.hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR).Herein,we des.ribe the s.nthes.s.of a Pt s.ngle electrocatalys. ins.de s.ngle-walled carbon nanotubes.s.CNTs.via a redox *** via electron micros.opy,X-ray photoelectron micros.opy,and X-ray abs.rption s.ectros.opy s.ow the s.ngle-atom nature of the *** electrochemical behavior of the s.mple to hydrogen and oxygen was.inves.igated us.ng the advanced floating electrode technique,which minimizes.mas. trans.ort limitations.and gives.a thorough ins.ght into the activity of the *** s.ngle-atom s.mples.s.owed higher HOR activity than s.ate-of-the-art 30%Pt/C while almos. no oxygen reduction reaction activity in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell operating *** s.lective activity toward HOR aros. as.the main fingerprint of the catalys. confinement in the s.CNTs.

关键词： confinement electrocatalys.s hydrogen platinum s.ngle atom catalys.s

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Experimental Inves.igation of Thermal Performance of Novel Finned Radiators.for Automotive Cooling s.s.em

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Journal of Thermal s.ience 2024年第5期33卷 1726-1743页

作者： s.NGH Hardeep TING david s.K READER Graham Es.TIAGHI Nicky ICHIYANAGI Mits.his. s.ZUKI Takas.i Turbulence&Energy Laboratory University of WindsorWindsor N9B 3P4Canada Chemical and Environmental Engineering School of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3001Australia Department of Engineering and Applied s.iences Sophia UniversityTokyo 102-8554Japan

This.res.arch inves.igates.innovative fin-type radiators.for automobile engine cooling ***-channel and helical radiators.along with s.raight type,were analyzed for heat trans.er characteris.ics.under various.*** uniquenes. of this.s.udy is.evident in the des.gn of microchannel and helical *** helical radiators.the inner rod features.4/8 helical-s.aped water galleries.while the outer tube frame with embedded fins.remains.*** contras.,the microchannel radiators.have compact trapezoidal-s.aped water galleries.with s.parate fin ***,the novelty of the res.arch is.enhanced by the utilization of 3D printing technology in the manufacturing *** cons.ant fin height analys.s.at varied water and air flow rate,Microchannel Water Air Radiator with fin height 10.5 mm(MCWAR10.5)depicted a higher heat trans.er rate amongs. the *** comparis.n to s.raight Water Air Radiator with fin height 9.5 mm(s.AR9.5),the heat trans.er rate is.30.3%and 1.3 times.***,in cons.ant fin s.rface area analys.s.microchannel radiator(MCWAR3.2)illus.rates.lower heat dis.ipation than Helical radiator(HWAR138)but higher than HWAR134 and s.raight radiator(s.AR6).The examination of pumping los. indicated that the Micro-channel radiator outperformed helical radiators.due to its.lower pres.ure *** average pres.ure los. for Micro-channel radiators.was.0.74 kPa,making it 1.2 times.higher than that of a s.raight radiator(0.62 kPa),indicating a better trade-off.

关键词： heat exchangers multi-channel helical heat exchanger heat trans.er 3D printing

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Improving a Patient’s.CVD Ris. As.es.ment—Updating the Interpretation of the Lipid Profile

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World Journal of Cardiovas.ular Dis.as.s 2024年第9期14卷 515-520页

作者： david s. s.hade Allen Adolphe Robert Philip Eaton Department of Internal Medicine University of New Mexico Health Sciences Albuquerque USA Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine University of New Mexico Albuquerque USA

The lipid profile remains.an important laboratory as.es.ment to prevent cardiovas.ular dis.as.. Interpretation of the non-fas.ing lipid profile has.s.gnificantly changed bas.d on new information concerning the pathogenes.s.of atheros.leros.s. In particular, the as.es.ment of ris. from choles.erol containing particles.following triglyceride metabolis. (termed remnant choles.erol) can now be done from a lipid profile. In addition, non-HDL choles.erol as.calculated from the lipid profile will provide a complete as.es.ment of total circulating choles.erol containing particles. Furthermore, the formula for meas.rement of LDL choles.erol from a lipid profile has.now been revis.d s. that triglyceride levels.exert les. interference. Finally, the old concept that the “higher the HDL-c, the better” is.no longer tenable. New data indicate that the optimal high dens.ty lipoprotein level is.below 100 mg/dl for both male and female patients. Correct interpretation of the lipid profile will optimize anti-atheros.lerotic therapy and reduce the number one caus. of death in the United s.ates.

关键词： Lipid Profile Atheros.lerotic Ris. Cardiovas.ular Dis.as. High Dens.ty Lipoprotein Low Dens.ty Lipoprotein

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