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Towards global coverage of gridded parameterization for CLImate GENerator(CLIGEN)

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big Earth Data 2024年第1期8卷 142-165页

作者： Andrew T.Fullhart Guillermo E.Ponce-Campos Menberu b.Meles ryan P.McGehee Haiyan Wei Gerardo Armendariz Shea burns david C.Goodrich Southwest Watershed research Center USDA-ArS TucsonAZUSA School of Natural resources and the Environment University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA Sustainable Agricultural Water Systems Unit USDA-ArS DavisCAUSA Agricultural and biosystems Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA

Stochastic weather generators create time series that reproduce key weather dynamics present in long-term *** dataset detailed herein is a large-scale gridded parameterization for CLImate GENerator(CLIGEN)that fills spatial gaps in the coverage of existing regional CLIGEN parameterizations,thereby obtaining near-global availability of combined *** dataset primarily covers countries north of 40°latitude with 0.25°spatial *** CLIGEN parameters were estimated based on 20-year records from four popular global climate *** parameters were statistically downscaled to estimate point-scale values,while point-scale temperature and solar radiation parameters were approximated by direct calculation from high-resolution *** parameter values were used in some cases,such as with wind ***-validation was done to assess the downscaling approach for six precipitation parameters using known point-scale values from ground-based CLIGEN *** parameter values were derived from daily accumulation records at 7,281 stations and high temporal resolution records at 609 *** sensitive parameters,monthly average storm accumulation and maximum 30-minute intensity,were shown have rMSE values of 1.48 mm and 4.67 mm hr^(−1),*** precipitation and the annual number of days with precipitation occurrence were both within 5%of ground-based parameterizations,effectively improving climate data availability.

关键词： Agriculture climate hydrology soil erosion stochastic weather generator

Storylines of family medicine Ⅵ:ways of being—in the office with patients

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 52-60页

作者： William b Ventres Leslie A Stone Lisa A LaVallee david Loxterkamp Jonisha r brown Dael M Waxman Peter S Dorward Jeanne Cawse-Lucas Larry b Mauksch Autumn M Kieber-Emmons benjamin F Crabtree William L Miller Veronica M brohm Timothy P Daaleman Kelly bossenbroek Fedoriw Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA MAHEC Family Medicine residency Mountain Area Health Education CenterAshevilleNorth CarolinaUSA bucksport regional Health Center BucksportMaineUSA Family Medicine Atrium HealthCharlotteNorth CarolinaUSA Southfield Medical Practice EdinburghUK Family Medicine University of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWashingtonUSA Family Medicine Lehigh Valley Health NetworkAllentownPennsylvaniaUSA Morsani College of Medicine University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA Family Medicine and Community Health Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA Cancer Institute of New Jersey New BrunswickNew JerseyUSA Family Medicine UNC School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅵ:ways of being—in the office with patients’,authors address the following themes:‘Patient-centred care—cultivating deep listening skills’,‘Doctor as witness’,‘Words matter’,‘Understanding others—metaphor and its use in medicine’,‘Communicating with patients—making good use of time’,‘The patient-centred medical home—aspirations for the future’,‘routine,ceremony or drama?’and‘The life course’.May readers better appreciate the nuances of patient care through these essays.

关键词： centre illustration dimensions

A brief history of the Compendium of Physical Activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 3-5页

作者： barbara E.Ainsworth Stephen D.Herrmann david r.Jacobs Jr. Melicia C.Whitt-Glover Catrine Tudor-Locke School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Epidemiology and Community Health University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Gramercy research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

The Compendium of Physical Activities(Compendium)was developed to address consistent assignment of physical activity(PA)intensity values used in PA epidemiology research of the association between PA and health outcomes.1The known protective effects of PA on incident health outcomes traces to the mid-1900s,with over 50 studies examining coronary heart disease(CHD)as the outcome of interest.

关键词： epidemiology Activities protective

Loss to Specialized Cardiology Follow-Up in Adults Living with Congenital Heart Disease

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第1期19卷 49-63页

作者： Cheryl Dickson Danielle Osborn david baker Judith Fethney david S.Celermajer rachael Cordina Department of Cardiology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Westmead HospitalSydneyAustralia Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery The University of SydneySydneyAustralia Sydney Medical School The University of SydneySydneyAustralia

background:Much has been written about the loss to follow-up in the transition between pediatric and adult Congenital Heart Disease(CHD)care *** less is understood about the loss to follow-up(LTF)after a successful *** is critical too,as patients lost to specialised care are more likely to experience mor-bidity and premature ***:To understand the prevalence and reasons for loss to follow-up(LTF)at a large Australian Adult Congenital Heart Disease(ACHD)***:Patients with moderate or highly complex CHD and gaps in care of>3 years(deﬁned as LTF)were identiﬁed from a comprehensive ACHD *** telephone interviews examined current care and barriers to clinic ***:Overall,407(22%)of ACHD patients(n=1842)were *** mean age at LTF was 31(SD 11.5)years and 54%were male;311(76%)were *** to adults seen regularly,lost patients were younger,with a greater socio-economic disadvantage,and had less complex CHD(pr all).We interviewed 59 patients(14%).The top 3 responses for care absences were“feeling well”(61%),losing track of time(36%),and not needing fol-low-up care(25%).Conclusions:A large proportion of the ACHD population becomes lost to specialised cardiac care,even after a successful *** Australian study reports younger age,moderate complexity defects,and socio-economic disadvantage as predictive of loss to *** study highlights the need for novel approaches to patient-centered service delivery even beyond the age of transition and resources to maintain patient engagement within the ACHD service.

关键词： Loss to follow-up follow-up adult congenital heart disease lapse in care gaps in care care gaps care continuity ACHD predictors

Analysis and Optimization of Operational and Pollutant Attributes of Diesel Engine with CNT-Infused Orange Peel biodiesel-Diesel blend Fuel

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 761-778页

作者： ranjeet rAI r.r.SAHOO Mechanical Engineering Department GLA UniversityMathura281406India Mechanical Engineering Department IIT(BHU)Varanasi221005India

The current study is performed to find sustainable solutions for the future of transportation and environmental *** conventional methods and experimental design table(L16 Orthogonal Array)techniques have been employed to examine and optimize a diesel-powered engine's operational and pollutant *** L16 Orthogonal Array is obtained through Taguchi's experimental design approach using Minitab 16 *** experimental design incorporated three control variables,namely engine speed,fuel type,and engine load,each with four *** operational parameters,namely brake thermal efficiency(bTE)and brake specific fuel consumption(bSFC),as well as the emission characteristics,including hydrocarbon(HC),carbon monoxide(CO),nitrogen oxide(NO),and smoke emissions,were acquired using the L16 orthogonal array(OA) and subsequently *** utilization of methodologies such as signal-to-noise(S/N) ratio and grey analysis was employed to determine the optimal operational state of the engine to achieve maximum performance while minimizing *** engine's ideal state of operation,in terms of bTE and bSFC,was determined to be at 75% engine load,1000 r/min engine speed,and using 10^(-4)(in vol) carbon nanotube incorporated 20% orange peel biodiesel(OPb20CNT100) blended fuel(A3-b1-C4).The study indicated that engine load significantly influenced bTE and bSFC,with 84.05% and 87.79% contribution factors,*** 25% engine load,1000 r/min,and OPb20CNT100 fuel(A1-b1-C4) CO,smoke,NO,and HC emissions were the *** load affects emissions the *** bSFC increased 3.10% and NO emissions 1.77%.bTE,CO,smoke,and HC emissions decreased by 1.9%,12.29%,47.05%,and 47.22%,respectively,at optimal operating conditions concerning diesel *** study shows that Taguchi-Grey's experimental design optimizes diesel engine operational and pollutant *** outcomes revealed that orange peel biodiesel infused with CNT can replace diesel fuel in a

关键词： Taguchi-Grey method OPb20CNT100 transesterification S/N ratio GrG HC CO and NO

Laser material processing optimization using bayesian optimization: a generic tool

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2024年第3期5卷 75-85页

作者： Tobias Menold Volkher Onuseit Matthias buser Michael Haas Nico bär Andreas Michalowski Institut fuer Strahlwerkzeuge(IFSW) University of Stuttgart70569 StuttgartGermany Graduate School of Excellence advanced Manufacturing Engineering(GSaME) University of Stuttgart70569 StuttgartGermany

Optimizing laser processes is historically challenging,requiring extensive and costly *** solve this issue,we apply bayesian optimization for process parameter optimization to laser cutting,welding,and *** demonstrate how readily available bayesian optimization frameworks enable efficient optimization of laser processes with only modest expert *** studies on laser cutting,welding,and polishing highlight its adaptability to real-world manufacturing ***,the examples emphasize that with suitable cost functions and boundaries an acceptable optimization result can be achieved after a reasonable number of experiments.

关键词： bayesian optimization Design of experiments Laser cutting Laser welding Laser polishing

Selective metasomatism of ultramafic cumulates within Archean supracrustal sequences

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第5期15卷 283-299页

作者： Lingyu Zhang Sampriti basak david Zakharov Kristoffer Szilas Department of Geosciences and Natural resource Management University of CopenhagenØster Voldgade 101350 CopenhagenDenmark Geological and Environmental Sciences Western Michigan UniversityKalamazooMI 49008USA

The Neoarchean StorøSupracrustal belt in SW Greenland comprises a sequence of mature quartzite,metapelite,amphibolite,and ultramafic rocks that underwent amphibolite facies metamorphism during the amalgamation of the Mesoarchean Akia Terrane and the Eoarchean Færingehavn *** this belt,tourmaline is found in a transition zone between ultramafic and metapelitic rocks,but also occurs as orbicules within the ultramafic *** tourmaline orbicules hosted by ultramafic rocks are reported for the first time in the North Atlantic craton,thus indicating a unique formation *** conducted a comprehensive examination of the petrology,whole-rock and mineral chemistry,and oxygen isotope compositions from borehole samples in the StorøSupracrustal belt,to elucidate the metasomatic events associated with the formation of the orbicular *** Storøultramafic rocks have high MgO,Cr,and Ni contents,with low abundances of rEE and HFSE,and preserve a typical cumulate *** features are similar to those of ultramafic cumulates found in other Archean supracrustal belts,suggesting a cumulate origin for the Storøultramafic ***,the morphology and composition of the tourmaline orbicules within these cumulates indicate that they originated from melts with high boron and high water concentrations that infiltrated the ultramafic *** main factor influencing the morphology of the tourmaline orbicules is the silicification of the ultramafic rocks,driven by their lower chemical potential of SiO_(2)compared to the surrounding *** silicification process,in combination with compositional variations of cumulates during fractional crystallization,has contributed to the geochemical diversity observed in Archean ultramafic ***,it is crucial to understand the effects of such selective metasomatism on Archean ultramafic rocks,as this will facilitate the extraction of original information preserved in the early rock record.

关键词： Archean Ultramafic rocks Tourmaline Metasomatism Storø Greenland

Old-growth mixed dipterocarp forests show variable losses and gains in aboveground biomass and standing carbon over forty years

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 14-23页

作者： Sisira Ediriweera Champika bandara Tithira Lakkana Shanika Jayasinghe david Woodbury Arun Dayanandan b.M.P.Singhakumara Xiangcheng Mi I.A.U.N.Gunatilleke C.V.S.Gunatilleke Mark SAshton Department of Science and Technology Uva Wellassa UniversityBadullaSri Lanka The Forest School Yale School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA Department of Forestry and Environmental Science University of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China botany Department University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka

background:No studies have documented long-term trends in aboveground biomass(AGb)for mixed-dipterocarp forests(MDF),the dominant rain forest type in tropical wet equatorial *** our study,we sought to document such trends over forty years across three sites representing lowland to lower montane ***:To do this,we established fifty 100 m×25 m plots in 1978 across three sites sampled along an elevation gradient,identified as mature old-growth *** measured trees for diameter at breast height that we identified to species and *** took wood samples to calculate species wood-specific *** re-measured plots in 1998 and again in ***:We show standing AGb for all sites combined to be 517.52 Mg·ha^(-1)in 1978,but this declined by 17%over 40 years to 430.11 Mg·ha^(-1).No differences exist among sites in AGb primarily because of considerable within site variation;but interactions of time with site show declines across sites were not uniform,one remained about the *** few species represented a high proportion of the AGb with the top five species comprising between 34%and 65%,depending upon site and year *** species,Mesua nagassarium,represented a disproportionately large amount of AGb and decline over time,particularly at the low elevation ***:Our results are directly relevant to estimating AGb and standing carbon sequestered in *** study is the first to demonstrate varying but overall,declining trends in amounts of AGb among forests making predictions of biomass and standing carbon in MDF difficult over wide regions.

关键词： Western ghats Shorea spp. Southeast Asia Sri Lanka Tropical rain forest Wood specific gravity

Dose-response effect of pre-exercise carbohydrates under muscle glycogen unavailability:Insights from McArdle disease

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 398-408页

作者： Pedro L.Valenzuela Alfredo Santalla Lidia b.Alejo Andrea Merlo Asuncion bustos Laura Castellote-belles roser Ferrer-Costa Nicola A.Maffiuletti david barranco-Gil Tomas Pinos Alejandro Lucia Physical Activity and Health research Group(“PaHerg”) Research Institute of Hospital“12 de Octubre”(“imas12”)Madrid 28041Spain Department of Systems biology University of AlcalaMadrid 28871Spain Department of Sport and Computer Science Section of Physical Education and SportsFaculty of SportUniversidad Pablo de OlavideSevilla 41013Spain EVOPrED research Group Universidad Europea de CanariasTenerife 38300Spain Faculty of Sport Sciences Universidad Europea de MadridMadrid 28670Spain Gait&Motion Analysis Laboratory Sol et Salus HospitalTorre Pedrera di Rimini(RN)47922Italy Department of Clinical biochemistry Laboratoris ClınicsHospital Universitari Vall d’HebronBarcelona 08035Spain Human Performance Lab Schulthess ClinicZurich 8008Switzerland biomedical research Networking Center on rare Disorders(CIbErEr) Barcelona 08035Spain Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit Vall d’Hebron Institut de RecercaUniversitat Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelona 08035Spain

background:This study aimed to determine the effect of different carbohydrate(CHO)doses on exercise capacity in patients with McArdle disease—the paradigm of“exercise intolerance”,characterized by complete muscle glycogen unavailability—and to determine whether higher exogenous glucose levels affect metabolic responses at the McArdle muscle cell(in vitro)***:Patients with McArdle disease(n=8)and healthy controls(n=9)underwent a 12-min submaximal cycling constant-load bout followed by a maximal ramp test 15 min after ingesting a non-caloric *** a randomized,double-blinded,cross-over design,patients repeated the tests after consuming either 75 g or 150 g of CHO(glucose:fructose=2:1).Cardiorespiratory,biochemical,perceptual,and electromyographic(EMG)variables were ***,glucose uptake and lactate appearance were studied in vitro in wild-type and McArdle mouse myotubes cultured with increasing glucose concentrations(0.35,1.00,4.50,and 10.00 g/L).results:Compared with controls,patients showed the“classical”second-wind phenomenon(after prior disproportionate tachycardia,myalgia,and excess electromyographic activity during submaximal exercise,all pred endurance exercise capacity(-51%ventilatory threshold and55%peak power output,both pregardless of the CHO dose(pr both doses compared with the placebo),CHO intake increased blood glucose and lactate levels,decreased fat oxidation rates,and attenuated the second wind in the ***,only the higher dose increased ventilatory threshold(+27%,p=0.010)and peak power output(+18%,p=0.007).In vitro analyses revealed no differences in lactate levels across glucose concentrations in wild-type myotubes,whereas a doseresponse effect was observed in McArdle ***:CHO intake exerts beneficial effects on exercise capacity in McArdle disease,a condition associated with total muscle glycogen *** of these benefits are dose dependent.

关键词： Endurance Glycogen storage disease Glycogenosis Nutrition Supplement