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A brief history of the Compendium of Physical Activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 3-5页

作者： Barbara E.Ainsworth Stephen D.Herrmann david r.jacobs jr. Melicia C.Whitt-Glover Catrine Tudor-Locke School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Epidemiology and Community Health University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Gramercy research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

The Compendium of Physical Activities(Compendium)was developed to address consistent assignment of physical activity(PA)intensity values used in PA epidemiology research of the association between PA and health outcomes.1The known protective effects of PA on incident health outcomes traces to the mid-1900s,with over 50 studies examining coronary heart disease(CHD)as the outcome of interest.

关键词： epidemiology Activities protective

2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:A third update of the energy costs of human activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Stephen D.Herrmann Erik A.Willis Barbara E.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barreira Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht John M.Schuna jr. Zhenghui Cai Minghui Quan Catrine Tudor-Locke Melicia C.Whitt-Glover david r. jacobs jr. Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Clinical Sciences Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA School of Exercise and Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Gramercy research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across studies.The original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health guidelines.Methods:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 years.Using a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(MET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since 2011.We replaced estimated METs with measured values when possible.results:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 papers.We added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older adults.We added a Major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 Major Headings.Conclusion:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health technologies.The new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://***.

关键词： Adults Energy expenditure Exercise MET Physical Activities

Childhood Cardiovascular risk Factors and Adult Cardiovascular Events

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四川生理科学杂志 2022年第1期44卷 53-53页

作者： david r.jacobs jr From the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public Health (D.R.J.) and the Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Medical School (A.R.S. J.S.) University of Minnesota Minneapolis the Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology (J.G.W. N.Z.) and the Heart Institute (E.M.U.) Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (J.G.W. N.Z. E.M.U.) - both in Cincinnati the Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine and Anschutz Medical Campus Children's Hospital Colorado - both in Aurora (S.R.D.) the Center for Population Health research (J.I. N.K. C.G.M. O.T.R.) the Research Center of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (J.I. N.K. C.G.M. O.T.R.) and the Departments of Medicine (M.J. J.S.A.V.) and Mathematics and Statistics (N.K.) University of Turku and the Center for Population Health Research (J.I. N.K. C.G.M. O.T.R.) the Division of Medicine (M.J. J.S.A.V.) and the Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine (O.T.R.) Turku University Hospital Turku and the Department of Clinical Chemistry Fimlab Laboratories and the Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center and the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology Tampere University Tampere (T.L.) - all in Finland Menzies Institute for Medical research University of Tasmania Hobart TAS (C.G.M. A.J.V. T.D.) and the Heart Research Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne VIC (T.D.) - both in Australia the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Tulane University New Orleans (L.A.B.) the Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health University of Iowa Iowa City (T.L.B.) the Division of Public Health Sciences Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC (R.J.P.) and the Nuffield Department of Women's and reproductive Health University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom (T.D.).

Background:Childhood cardiovascular risk factors predict subclinical adult cardiovascular disease,but links to clinical events are unclear.Methods:In a prospective cohort study involving participants in the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohorts(i3C)Consortium,we evaluated whether childhood risk factors(at the ages of 3 to 19 years)were associated with cardiovascular events in adulthood after a mean follow-up of 35 years.

关键词： Cardiovascular cardiovascular Childhood

Comparison of Three Macroinvertebrate Sampling Methods for Use in Assessment of Water Quality Changes in Flashy Urban Streams

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第8期11卷 585-609页

作者： roger Yeardley jr. Scott jacobs Ken Fritz William Thoeny Office of research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati USA Pegasus Technical Services c/o U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati USA

The unique challenges associated with sampling of macroinvertebrates in flashy urban streams create a methods gap. These streams form isolated pools for much of the year, interspersed with spates that scour and deposit excessive amounts of sediment. Commonly used stream grab sampling methods, such as nets and Hess and Surber fixed-area samplers, work well in wadable streams with perennial flow. Deployed samplers (Hester-Dendy, gravel tray) can be used in waters with or without flow. We evaluated three methods which don’t require stream flow: modified Hester-Dendy (MHD), gravel tray, and bucket (a type of cylinder grab sample method), for their potential use in bioassessment of a project involving daylighting of a 180-m culvert on Congress run, a flashy urban tributary to Mill Creek in Cincinnati, Ohio. Method efficacy was measured using three criteria: usability (level of effort and recoverability of samplers), variability, and community retrieval completeness. The bucket method required the lowest level of effort and had the highest sample recovery. The bucket sampler had the lowest variability for most metrics, including the critical metric of taxa richness, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 20.9%. The MHD and tray samplers had taxa richness CVs of 42.9% and 53.9%, respectively. The bucket sampler also had the lowest CV (27.4%) for a multi-metric index. The bucket sampler performed best with respect to community retrieval completeness, with higher pooled and average taxa richness. The total number of taxa collected from all the replicate bucket grab samples (42) was greater than that collected by the HD and tray samplers combined (27). Multivariate analyses showed significant grouping with respect to methods and location. This study supports the bucket grab sampler method as a candidate for sampling of flashy urban streams.

关键词： Macroinvertebrate Methods Stream Urban Sampling Flow Hydrology

The role of rNA Structure in Posttranscriptional regulation of Gene Expression

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2012年第10期39卷 535-543页

作者： Elina jacobs James D.Mills Michael Janitz College of Science and Engineering University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH9 3JRUnited Kingdom School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences University of New South WalesSydney NSW 2052Australia

As more information is gathered on the mechanisms of transcription and translation, it is becoming apparent that these processes are highly regulated. The formation of mrNA secondary and tertiary structures is one such regulatory process that until recently it has not been analysed in depth. Formation of these mrNA structures has the potential to enhance and inhibit alternative splicing of transcripts, and regulate rates and amount of translation. As this regulatory mechanism potentially impacts at both the transcriptional and translational level, while also potentially utilising the vast array of non-coding rNAs, it warrants further investigation. Currently, a variety of high- throughput sequencing techniques including parallel analysis of rNA structure （PArS）, fragmentation sequencing （FragSeq） and selective 2-hydroxyl acylation analysed by primer extension （SHAPE） lead the way in the genome-wide identification and analysis of mrNA structure formation. These new sequencing techniques highlight the diversity and complexity of the transcriptome, and demonstrate another regulatory mechanism that could become a target for new therapeutic approaches.

关键词： Transcriptome mrNA structure Parallel analysis of rNA structure Fragmentation sequencing PArS FragSeq SHAPE-Seq

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现场光摄影

现场光摄影

2000年

作者：（美）卢·雅各布斯（Lou jacobs jr.）邵大浪译

来源：汇雅图书（南通市图书馆... 评论

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光导纤维的广阔应用前景

世界科学 1987年第3期 9-12页

作者： richard Q.Hofacker jr.Ira jacobs 南英

先导纤维的潜在频带宽度可以达到 25×1012赫兹,相当于每秒钟能够传送 2.5×1012毕特的信息量。对此,一位美国通信专家说:“美国国会图书馆所积累的人类古今知识,总共包含的信息量约为500×1012毕特,只要一根单模光导纤维用20秒钟就可... 详细信息

先导纤维的潜在频带宽度可以达到 25×1012赫兹,相当于每秒钟能够传送 2.5×1012毕特的信息量。对此,一位美国通信专家说:“美国国会图书馆所积累的人类古今知识,总共包含的信息量约为500×1012毕特,只要一根单模光导纤维用20秒钟就可全部传完。这绝不是神活,而是在不久的将来,2000年或稍晚一些,一定可以变为现实。进入八十年代之后,随着人类社会由工业社会向信息化社会过渡,光纤通信已被人们称为未来信息化社会的神经中枢,是当前新技术革命的核心技术之一,世界上几乎所有的国家都在大力加速发展。我国已把光纤通信列为七·五期间的发展重点,邮电部、水电部、电子工业部、石油部、铁道部以及上海市、北京市、天津市等地都制订了大力推广光纤通信的规划。可以预料,要不了多久,一个以光纤通信为主要传输方式的现代化通信网将要在我国形成,进之还将要建立起一门新兴的光纤通信产业。通过本文的介绍可以使我们了解到光导纤维的今天和明天。

关键词：海底光缆再生装置光导纤维导光纤维光学纤维市内电话光纤通信光导纤维通信单模光纤

肝细胞癌临床和血管造影所见对判断手术切除的价值

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锦州医学院学报 1980年第3期 89-91页

作者： Marks WM jacobs rP Goodman PC Lim rC.jr.刘景勃么中玉

肝细胞癌予后不良,据报导,5年存活率仅为4％—8％。就目前所知,对这种肿瘤的手术切除是唯一有效疗法。但是手术复杂,需要尽可能准确地确定肿瘤部位和范围。用放射核素扫描、超声检查等诊断方法能够确定肿瘤的部位,能指出明确的组织学诊... 详细信息

肝细胞癌予后不良,据报导,5年存活率仅为4％—8％。就目前所知,对这种肿瘤的手术切除是唯一有效疗法。但是手术复杂,需要尽可能准确地确定肿瘤部位和范围。用放射核素扫描、超声检查等诊断方法能够确定肿瘤的部位,能指出明确的组织学诊断,然而,不如血管造影能区别肝叶或肝段,给施行肝切除术提供所需要的资料。我们复习了63例确诊的肝细胞瘤患者,获得了发病率、存活率、易患病因子、病变范围和手术切除可能性的一般资料,确定肝癌血管造影所见出现的频率,并确定了有助于予示可以手术的各种造影所见。

关键词：肝细胞癌肝癌肝脏肿瘤血管造影手术切除所见

非慢性肾脏病者纵向血压变化与肾功能下降的关系:多种族动脉粥样硬化研究的结果

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中华高血压杂志 2019年第1期27卷 98-98页

作者： Judson GL rubinsky AD Shlipak MG Katz r Kramer H jacobs Dr jr.Odden MC Peralta CA 陈云叶鹏

虽然血压的变化与心血管事件独立相关,但对于估算的肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFr)>60mL/(min·1.73m2)的成年人血压变化与随后肾功能改变的关系知之甚少。方法:本研究包括参加多种族动脉粥样硬化研究(multi-... 详细信息

虽然血压的变化与心血管事件独立相关,但对于估算的肾小球滤过率(estimated glomerular filtration rate,eGFr)>60mL/(min·1.73m2)的成年人血压变化与随后肾功能改变的关系知之甚少。方法:本研究包括参加多种族动脉粥样硬化研究(multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis,MESA)的参与者3920人,在MESA的前5年进行≥2次血压测量,并在第5年和第10年进行eGFr测量。

关键词：肾功能下降血压变化动脉粥样硬化