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mRNA vaccines:a new era in vaccine development

Oncology Research 2024年第10期32卷 1543-1564页

作者： SHUBHRA CHANDRA JENNIFER C.WILSON david GOOD MING q.WEI School of Pharmacy&Medical Sciences Gold Coast campusGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4222Australia Menzies Health Institute q.eensland(MHIq. Gold Coast CampusGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4215Australia School of Allied Health Australian Catholic UniversityBrisbaneQLD-4014Australia

The advent of RNA therapy,particularly through the development of mRNA cancer vaccines,has ushered in a new era in the field of *** article provides a concise overview of the key principles,recent advancements,and potential implications of mRNA cancer vaccines as a groundbreaking modality in cancer *** cancer vaccines represent a revolutionary approach to combatting cancer by leveraging the body’s innate immune *** vaccines are designed to deliver specific mRNA seq.ences encoding cancer-associated antigens,prompting the immune system to recognize and mount a targeted response against malignant *** personalized and adaptive nature of mRNA vaccines holds immense potential for addressing the heterogeneity of cancer and tailoring treatments to individual *** breakthroughs in the development of mRNA vaccines,exemplified by the success of COVID-19 vaccines,have accelerated their application in *** mRNA platform’s versatility allows for the rapid adaptation of vaccine candidates to various cancer types,presenting an agile and promising avenue for therapeutic *** trials of mRNA cancer vaccines have demonstrated encouraging results in terms of safety,immunogenicity,and *** candidates,such as BioNTech’s BNT111 and Moderna’s mRNA-4157,have exhibited promising outcomes in targeting melanoma and solid tumors,*** successes underscore the potential of mRNA vaccines to elicit robust and durable anti-cancer immune *** the field holds great promise,challenges such as manufacturing complexities and cost considerations need to be addressed for widespread *** development of scalable and cost-effective manufacturing processes,along with ongoing clinical research,will be pivotal in realizing the full potential of mRNA cancer ***,mRNA cancer vaccines represent a cutting-edge therapeutic approach that holds the promise of transforming cancer treatment.

关键词： Cancer immunotherapy Immune checkpoint Preventive&therapeutic vaccine Delivery system mRNA

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Associations of Gestational Exposure to Air Pollution and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Placental Inflammation

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Environment & Health 2024年第9期2卷 672-680页

作者： Emily A.Craig Yan Lin Yihui Ge Xiangtian Wang Susan K.Murphy Donald K.Harrington richard K.Miller Sally W.Thurston Philip K.Hopke Emily S.Barrett Thomas G.O’Connor david q.rich Junfeng Zhang Nicholas School of the Environment&Duke Global Health Institute Duke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina 27708United States Department of Psychiatry University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York 14642United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York 14642United States Department of Environmental Medicine and Department of Pediatrics University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York 14642United States Department of Psychology University of RochesterRochesterNew York 14642United States Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Department of Environmental Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York 14642United States Department of Public Health Sciences University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York 14642United States Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Rutgers School of Public HealthPiscatawayNew Jersey 08854United States Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neuroscience University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York 14642United States Department of Public Health Sciences Department of Medicineand Department of Environmental MedicineUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNew York 14642United States

Restricted fetal growth(RFG)is a leading contributor to perinatal mortality and has been associated with gestational exposure to air pollution,such as fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)),nitrogen dioxide(NO2),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs).This study examines the association between trimester-specific and weekly means of air pollution throughout gestation and placental inflammatory markers at *** a prospective cohort study of 263 pregnant women in Rochester,NY,we measured interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)in placental tissue and estimated gestational exposure to PM_(2.5)and NO_(2)using a high-resolution spatial-temporal *** to PAHs was estimated using urinary 1-hydroxypyrene(1-OHP)concentrations collected once per *** distributed lag models with a penalized spline function,each interq.artile range(2.6μg/m^(3))increase in PM_(2.5)concentration during gestational weeks 6−11 was associated with decreased placental IL-6 levels(−22.2%,95%CI:−39.0%,−0.64%).Using multiple linear regression models,each interq.artile range increase of 1-OHP was associated with an increase in TNF-αin the first trimester(58.5%,95%CI:20.7%,74.2%),third trimester(22.9%,95%CI:0.04%,49.5%),and entire pregnancy(29.6%,95%CI:3.9%,60.6%).Our results suggest gestational exposure to air pollution may alter the inflammatory environment of the placenta at delivery.

关键词： pregnancy air pollution PAHs placenta tumor necrosis factor interleukin

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Rational design of AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS q.antum dots with a near-unity photoluminescence q.antum yield via double shelling scheme

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 235-242页

作者： H.X.Lu H.Liu Z.Z.Fu Y.Y.Chen H.q.Dai Z.Hu W.L.Zhang R.q.Guo Institute for Electric Light Sources School of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of Future Lighting Academy for Engineering and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University YiwuZhejiang 322000China Zhongshan-Fudan Joint Innovation Center Zhongshan 528437China

In this study,a two-step method was used to synthesize highly luminescent AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS q.antum dots(q.s).In the first step,an inner ZnS shell was formed via a one-pot method,which resulted in a smaller lattice mismatch between the AgGaS core and the outer ZnS shell,thereby facilitating the formation of a thick outer *** the two-step shelling process,the synthesized AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS q.s showed an excellent photoluminescence q.antum yield(PLq.)of 96.4%with a peak wavelength of 508 nm,repre-senting the highest PLq. reported thus far for AgGaS ***,the effect of halogen ions in Zn precursors on the shelling process was *** was proposed that the capacity of halogen ions to coordinate with the q.s influenced the balance between Zn cation diffusion and ZnS shelling ***,the ZnS shelling reaction was dominant when ZnCl_(2)was employed,while Zn cation diffusion was the dominant process under the I^(−)-rich *** work provides insights into the interfacial restructuring during the ZnS shelling and offers a clear map for the tailored synthesis of core/shell q.s.

关键词： AgGaS q.antum dots Photoluminescence Core/shell Alloyed core/shell interface

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Kerogen Kinetic Distributions and Simulations Provide Insights into Petroleum Transformation Fraction (TF) Profiles of Organic-rich Shales

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 747-757页

作者： david A.Wood DWA Energy Limited Lincoln LN59JPUnited Kingdom

Two hundred and fifty single first-order Arrhenius reactions are simulated to generate S2 pyrograms at three heating rates 25,15,and 5°C·*** activation energy(E)and pre-exponential factor(A)of the reactions simulated follow a long-established trend of those variable values displayed by shales and *** characteristics of the transformation fraction(TF)profiles(product generation window temperatures)of the simulated single reactions are compared to the TF profiles of recorded shale pyrograms generated by multiple reactions with different E-A values lying near the defined E-A *** similarities and differences are observed between the TF profile values of the two *** similarities support the spread of E-A values involved in shale pyrogram best *** differences are most likely explained by the complexity of the multiple kerogen first-order and second-order reactions contributing to the recorded shale pyrograms versus the simplicity and crispness of the single first-order reactions *** results also justify the validity of using the previously described“variable E-A pyrogram-fitting method”of multi-heating-rate shale pyrograms enabling optimizers to choose multiple reactions from an unlimited range of E-A *** contrast,further doubt is cast on the validity of the constant-A pyrogram-fitting method used by the Easy%Ro techniq.e,in that a distribution of reactions with a single A value is unlikely to represent the complex variety of kerogen macerals observed in shale *** profiles generated by the variable E-A pyrogram-fitting method lie close to the established E-A trend and are likely to provide more realistic TF generation window temperatures than TF profiles generated by the constant-A pyrogram-fitting method.

关键词： transformation fraction profiles simulated S2 pyrograms multiple heating rates kerogen/shale kinetics S2 pyrogram fitting techniq.es kerogen petroleum research.

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Overexpression of Arabidopsis Sorting Nexin AtSNX2b Inhibits Endocytic Trafficking to the Vacuole

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Molecular Plant 2008年第6期1卷 961-976页

作者： Nguyen q. Phan Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA Interdepartmental Genetics Program Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA Plant Sciences Institute Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA

Sorting nexins are conserved proteins that function in vesicular trafficking and contain a characteristic phox homology （PX） domain. Here, we characterize the ubiq.itously expressed Arabidopsis thaliana sorting nexin AtSNX2b. Sub-cellular fractionation studies indicate that AtSNX2b is peripherally associated with membranes. The AtSNX2b PX domain binds to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate in vitro and this association is req.ired for the localization of GFPAtSNX2b to punctate structures in vivo, identified as the trans-Golgi network, prevacuolar compartment and endosomes. Overexpression of GFP-tagged AtSNX2b produces enlarged GFP-labeled compartments that can also be labeled by the endocytic tracer FM4-64. Endocytic trafficking of FM4-64 to the vacuole is arrested in these GFP-AtSNX2b compartments, and similar FM4-64-accumulating compartments are seen upon overexpression of untagged AtSNX2b. This suggests that exit of membrane components from these enlarged or aggregated endosomes is inhibited. Vacuolar proteins containing an N-terminal propeptide, but not those with a C-terminal propeptide, are also present in these enlarged compartments. We hypothesize that AtSNX2b is involved in vesicular trafficking from endosomes to the vacuole.

关键词： phox homology Overexpression Vacuole

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Task Offloading in Edge Computing Using GNNs and Dq.

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 2649-2671页

作者： Asier Garmendia-Orbegozo Jose david Nunez-Gonzalez Miguel Angel Anton Department of Applied Mathematics University of the Basque Country UPV/EHUEibar20600Spain TECNALIA Basque Research and Technology Alliance(BRTA)San Sebastian20009Spain

In a network environment composed of different types of computing centers that can be divided into different layers(clod,edge layer,and others),the interconnection between them offers the possibility of peer-to-peer task *** many resource-constrained devices,the computation of many types of tasks is not feasible because they cannot support such computations as they do not have enough available memory and processing *** this scenario,it is worth considering transferring these tasks to resource-rich platforms,such as Edge Data Centers or remote cloud *** different reasons,it is more exciting and appropriate to download various tasks to specific download destinations depending on the properties and state of the environment and the nature of the *** the same time,establishing an optimal offloading policy,which ensures that all tasks are executed within the req.ired latency and avoids excessive workload on specific computing centers is not *** study presents two alternatives to solve the offloading decision paradigm by introducing two well-known algorithms,Graph Neural Networks(GNN)and Deep q.Network(Dq.).It applies the alternatives on a well-known Edge Computing simulator called PureEdgeSimand compares them with the two defaultmethods,Trade-Off and Round *** showed that variants offer a slight improvement in task success rate and workload *** terms of energy efficiency,they provided similar ***,the success rates of different computing centers are tested,and the lack of capacity of remote cloud servers to respond to applications in real-time is *** novel ways of finding a download strategy in a local networking environment are uniq.e as they emulate the state and structure of the environment innovatively,considering the q.ality of its connections and constant *** download score defined in this research is a crucial feature for determining the q.ality of a download path

关键词： Edge computing edge offloading fog computing task offloading

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The effect of slime accumulated in a long-term operating UASB using crude glycerol to treat S-rich wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 353-366页

作者： Xudong Zhou Eva Fernández-Palacios Antoni DDorado Javier Lafuente Xavier Gamisans david Gabriel Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China GENOCOV Research Group Department of ChemicalBiological and Environmental EngineeringEscola d’EnginyeriaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193 BellaterraSpain Department of Mining Industrial and ICT EngineeringUniversitat Politècnica de CatalunyaAvinguda de les Bases de Manresa 61-7308242 ManresaSpain

An up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB)reactor targeting sulfate reduction was operated under a constant TOC/S-SO2-4ratio of 1.5±0.3 g C/g S for 639 days using crude glycerol as carbon source.A filamentous and fluffy flocculant material,namely slime-like substances(SLS),was gradually accumulated in the bioreactor after the cease of methanogenic *** accumulation of SLS was followed by a decrease in the removal efficiencies and a deterioration in the *** characteristics of SLS were investigated to explore the causes of its formation and the effect of SLS on the UASB *** showed that glycerol fermentation and sulfate reduction processes taking place in the reactor were mainly accomplished in the bottom part of the UASB reactor,as the sludge concentration in the bottom was *** accumulation of SLS in the UASB reactor caused sludge flotation that further led to biomass washout,which decreased the sulfate and glycerol removal *** activity tests performed with granular sludge(GS),slime-covered granular sludge(SCGS)and SLS showed that there was no difference between GS and SLS in the mechanism of glycerol fermentation and sulfate ***,the specific sulfate reduction rate of GS was higher than that of SLS,while SLS showed a higher glycerol fermentation rate than that of *** different rates in GS and SLS were attributed to the higher relative abundances of fermentative microorganisms found in SLS and higher relative abundances of sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB)found in GS.

关键词： Sludge flotation Granular sludge Slime-like substances Glycerol fermentation Sulfate reduction Removal efficiency

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Systematic review of the efficacy of data-driven urban building energy models during extreme heat in cities:Current trends and future outlook

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Building Simulation 2024年第5期17卷 695-722页

作者： Nilabhra Mondal Prashant Anand Ansar Khan Chirag Deb david Cheong Chandra Sekhar Dev Niyogi Mattheos Santamouris Department of Architecture and Regional Planning Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurIndia Department of Geography Lalbaba CollegeUniversity of CalcuttaKolkataIndia School of Architecture Design and PlanningThe University of SydneyAustralia Department of the Built Environment National University of SingaporeSingapore Department of Geological Sciences Jackson School of GeosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinUSA DepartmentofCivil Architecturaland Environmental EngineeringThe Universityof Texas at AustinAustinUSA Faculty of Built Environment University of New South WalesAustralia

Energy demand fluctuations due to low probability high impact(LPHI)micro-climatic events such as urban heat island effect(UHI)and heatwaves,pose significant challenges for urban infrastructure,particularly within urban *** short term load forecasting(STLF)of buildings in urban micro-climatic setting(UMS)is obscured by the complex interplay of surrounding morphology,micro-climate and inter-building energy *** urban building energy modelling(UBEM)approaches to provide q.antitative insights about building energy consumption often neglect the synergistic impacts of micro-climate and urban morphology in short temporal *** order modelling,unavailability of rich urban datasets such as building key performance indicators for building archetypes-characterization,limit the inter-building energy dynamics consideration into *** addition,mismatch of resolutions of spatio-temporal datasets(meso to micro scale transition),LPHI events extent prediction around UMS as well as its accurate q.antitative inclusion in UBEM input organization step pose another degree of *** review aims to direct attention towards an integrated-UBEM(i-UBEM)framework to capture the building load fluctuation over multi-scale spatio–temporal *** highlights usage of emerging data-driven hybrid approaches,after systematically analysing developments and limitations of recent physical,data-driven artificial intelligence and machine learning(AI-ML)based modelling *** also discusses the potential integration of google earth engine(GEE)-cloud computing platform in UBEM input organization step to(i)map the land surface temperature(LST)data(q.antitative attribute implying LPHI event occurrence),(ii)manage and pre-process high-resolution spatio-temporal UBEM *** the potential of digital twin,central structed data models to integrate along UBEM workflow to reduce uncertainties related to building archetype characterizat

关键词： urban heat island(UHI) urbanmicro-climate urban morphology urban building energy modelling(UBEM) digitaltwin shorttermload forecasting(STLF) googleearthengine(GEE)

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Impact of an oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic profiles and microbial ecology of weanling pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic ***

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 749-764页

作者： Kwangwook Kim Cynthia Jinno Xunde Li david Bravo Eric Cox Peng Ji Yanhong Liu Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los AngelesCA 90084USA School of Veterinary Medicine University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Pancosma|ADM 1180 RolleSwitzerland Nutreco Exploration NutrecoThe Netherlands Department of Virology Parasitology and ImmunologyGhent University9000 GhentBelgium Department of Nutrition University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

Background Our previous study has reported that supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhances gut health and disease resistance of pigs infected with enterotoxigenic ***(ETEC)F18 in a manner similar to *** objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of oligosaccharide-based polymer or antibiotic on the host metabolic profiles and colon microbiota of weaned pigs experimentally infected with ETEC *** Multivariate analysis highlighted the differences in the metabolic profiles of serum and colon digesta which were predominantly found between pigs supplemented with oligosaccharide-based polymer and *** relative abundance of metabolic markers of immune responses and nutrient metabolisms,such as amino acids and carbohydrates,were significantly differentiated between the oligosaccharide-based polymer and antibiotic groups(q.0.2 and fold change>2.0).In addition,pigs in antibiotic had a reduced(P<0.05)relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae,whereas had greater(P<0.05)Clostridiaceae and Streptococcaceae in the colon digesta on d 11 post-inoculation(PI)compared with d 5 *** The impact of oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic and microbial profiles of pigs is not fully understood,and further exploration is ***,current research suggest that various mechanisms are involved in the enhanced disease resistance and performance in ETEC-challenged pigs by supplementing this polymer.

关键词： Carbadox Colon microbiota Enterotoxigenic E.coli F18 Metabolomics Oligosaccharide-based polymer Weaned pigs

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Population structure of the Atlantic sand fiddler crab Uca pugilator along the eastern coast of US revealed by molecular data

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Current Zoology 2009年第2期55卷 150-157页

作者： david A. WEESE Denson K. MCLAIN Ann E. PRATT q.entin q. FANG Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Department of Biology Georgia Southern University

The Atlantic sand fiddler crab Uca pugilator is an extremely abundant crab found along the eastern coast of the United States. Fiddler crabs have a life cycle with an obligatory planktonic larval phase of 30-90 days,which might be expected to lead to widespread larval dispersal and conseq.ent genetic homogeneity over considerable distances. However,a large amount of morphological and behavioral variation is found between northern and southern populations along the eastern coast. This study was undertaken to determine the population genetic structure of *** and to determine whether these differences may have a genetic basis. The population structure of the fiddler crab was analyzed using 472 individuals collected from 12 sites along the eastern coast. PCR-based single stand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) was used to investigate between-site variation in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene of these individuals. Analysis of genetic variation indicated freq.ent gene flow between nearby localities,but much reduced levels between populations separated by larger geographic distances. Thus,despite the potential for high dispersal by planktonic larvae,population differentiation and isolation by distance is evident between northern and southern populations of ***. A high amount of genetic differentiation (F ST =0.3468) was found between northern and southern regions suggesting that the morphological and behavioral differences between these two regions have a genetic basis and may represent subspecies.

关键词： Atlantic sand fiddler crab Uca pugilator Deeapoda Molecular population genetics Gene flow SSCP 16S rDNA

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