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Generalization of predator recognition:Velvet geckos display anti-predator behaviours in response to chemicals from non-dangerous elapid snakes

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Current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 337-342页

作者： Jonathan K. WEBB Weiguo DU david pike Richard SHINE School of Biological Sciences University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Department of Environmental Sciences School of Life Sciences Hangzhou Normal College 310036 Hangzhou Zhejiang China

Many prey species detect chemical cues from predators and modify their behaviours in ways that reduce their risk ofpredation. Theory predicts that prey should modify their anti-predator responses according to the degree of threat posed by thepredator. That is, prey should show the strongest responses to chemicals of highly dangerous prey, but should ignore or respondweakly to chemicals from non-dangerous predators. However, if anti-predator behaviours are not costly, and predators are rarelyencountered, prey may exhibit generalised antipredator behaviours to dangerous and non-dangerous predators. In Australia, mostelapid snakes eat lizards, and are therefore potentially dangerous to lizard prey. Recently, we found that the nocturnal velvetgecko Oedura lesueurii responds to chemicals from dangerous and non-dangerous elapid snakes, suggesting that it displays generalisedanti-predator behaviours to chemicals from elapid snakes. To explore the generality of this result, we videotaped the behaviourof velvet geckos in the presence of chemical cues from two small elapid snakes that rarely consume geckos: the nocturnalgolden-crowned snake Cacophis squamulosus and the diurnal marsh snake Hemiaspis signata. We also videotaped geckos in trialsinvolving unscented cards (controls) and cologne-scented cards (pungency controls). In trials involving Cacophis and Hemiaspischemicals, 50% and 63% of geckos spent long time periods (> 3 min) freezing whilst pressed flat against the substrate, *** half the geckos tested exhibited anti-predator behaviours (tail waving, tail vibration, running) in response to Cacophis(67%) or Hemiaspis (63%) chemicals. These behaviours were not observed in control or pungency control trials. Our resultssupport the idea that the velvet gecko displays generalised anti-predator responses to chemical cues from elapid *** responses to predator chemicals may be common in prey species that co-occur with multiple, ecologically similar,

关键词： Predation risk Chemical cues Lizard Elapidae Gekkonidae Olfaction Multipredator

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High Altitude Frogs (Rana kukonoris) Adopt a Diversified Bethedging Strategy in the Face of Environmental Unpredictability

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Asian Herpetological Research 2018年第1期9卷 43-49页

作者： Wei CHEN Liqing PENG Lichun JIANG david A.pike Christopher R.FRIESEN Gregory BROWN Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Mianyang Normal University Department of Biology Rhodes College School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney

Environmental unpredictability can influence strategies of maternal investment among eggs within a clutch. Models predict that breeding females should adopt a diversified bet-hedging strategy in unpredictable environments, but empirical field evidence from Asia is scarce. Here we tested this hypothesis by exploring spatial patterns in egg size along an altitudinal gradient in a frog species （Rana kukunoris） inhabiting the Tibetan Plateau. Within-clutch variability in egg size increased as the environment became variable （e.g., lower mean monthly temperature and mean monthly rainfall at higher altitudes）, and populations in environments with more unpredictable rainfall produced eggs that were smaller and more variable in size. We provide support for a diversified bet-hedging strategy in high-altitude environments, which experience dynamic weather patterns and therefore are of unpredictable environmental quality. This strategy may be an adaptive response to lower environmental quality and higher unpredictable environmental variance. Such a strategy should increase the likelihood of breeding success and maximize maternal lifetime fitness by producing offspring that are adapted to current environmental conditions. We speculate that in high-altitude environments prone to physical disturbance, breeding females are unable to consistently produce the optimal egg size due to physiological constraints imposed by environmental conditions （e.g., duration of the active season, food availability）. Species and populations whose breeding strategies are adapted to cope with uncertain environmental conditions by adjusting offspring size and therefore quality show a remarkable degree of ability to cope with future climatic changes.

关键词： altitude bet-hedging strategy environmental quality egg size within-clutch variation unpredictable environment

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In Silico Prediction and Validation of Gfap as an miR-3099 Target in Mouse Brain

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2017年第4期33卷 373-382页

作者： Shahidee Zainal Abidin Jia-Wen Leong Marzieh Mahmoudi Norshariza Nordin Syahril Abdullah pike-See Cheah King-Hwa Ling Neuro Biology and Genetics Group Universiti Putra Malaysia43400 SerdangSelangorMalaysia Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Center Universiti Putra Malaysia43400 SerdangSelangorMalaysia Medical Genetics Unit Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 SerdangSelangorMalaysia Department of Human Anatomy Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 SerdangSelangorMalaysia Institute of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia

MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression and protein synthesis during brain development. MiR-3099 is highly expressed throughout embryogenesis, especially in the developing central nervous system. Moreover, miR-3099 is also expressed at a higher level in differentiating neurons in vitro, suggesting that it is a potential regulator during neuronal cell development. This study aimed to predict the target genes of miR-3099 via in-silico analysis using four independent prediction algorithms（miRDB,miRanda, Target Scan, and DIANA-micro-T-CDS） with emphasis on target genes related to brain development and function. Based on the analysis, a total of 3,174 miR-3099 target genes were predicted. Those predicted by at least three algorithms（324 genes） were subjected to david bioinformatics analysis to understand their overallfunctional themes and representation. The analysis revealed that nearly 70% of the target genes were expressed in the nervous system and a significant proportion were associated with transcriptional regulation and protein ubiquitination mechanisms. Comparison of in situ hybridization（ISH） expression patterns of miR-3099 in both published and in-house-generated ISH sections with the ISH sections of target genes from the Allen Brain Atlas identified 7 target genes（Dnmt3a, Gabpa, Gfap, Itga4,Lxn, Smad7, and Tbx18） having expression patterns complementary to miR-3099 in the developing and adult mouse brain samples. Of these, we validated Gfap as a direct downstream target of miR-3099 using the luciferase reporter gene system. In conclusion, we report the successful prediction and validation of Gfap as an miR-3099 target gene using a combination of bioinformatics resources with enrichment of annotations based on functional ontologies and a spatio-temporal expression dataset.

关键词： Target gene Neurogenesis In silico Astrogliogenesis Bioinformatics

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FORC在岩石磁学中的应用:从非线性测量到磁畴状态的识别（英文）

FORC在岩石磁学中的应用:从非线性测量到磁畴状态的识别（英文）

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2017中国地球科学联合学术年会

作者：赵翔 Andrew Roberts david Heslop Greig Paterson 李金华 The Australian National University

＜正＞First-order reversal curve（FORC）diagrams[pike et al.,1999;Roberts et al.,2000]have become a standard method for identifying magnetic minerals,their grain-size（domain state）and magnetostatic interactions among magnetic *** diagrams contain much useful information that magnetic hysteresis loops and isothermal remanent

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