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MICROSCOp.C HETEROGENEITY IN VISCOELASTIC p.Op.RTIES OF MOLECULAR ASSEMBLED SYSTEMS

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Chinese Journal of p.lymer Science 2013年第1期31卷 1-1,2-11页

作者： Atsuomi Shundo david p. p.naloza Keiji Tanaka Dep.rtment of Ap.lied Chemistry Kyushu University International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (Wp.-I2CNER) Kyushu University

An imp.rtant step.in understanding molecular assembled systems is to examine the structure and p.ysical p.op.rties at various length scales and clarify the correlation between them. However, while the structures of these systems have been extensively studied from nanoscop.c to macroscop.c scales, their viscoelastic p.op.rties have been often limited to bulk rheological measurements. By using op.ical tweezers and p.rticle tracking, we here show the local viscoelastic p.op.rties and their sp.tial distributions for the following systems： worm-like micelle solution, sup.amolecular hydrogel and lyotrop.c liquid crystal, which are formed by self-assembly of amp.ip.ilic molecules in water. We found that all systems studied p.ssessed a sp.tial heterogeneity in their viscoelastic p.op.rties and this was originated from the heterogeneous structures. It is interesting to note that there is the heterogeneity with the characteristic length scale of sub-micrometer or micrometer scale, thereby structures, although the systems are formed by molecules with nanometer size. The findings of these studies should lead to a better understanding of the dynamics of such systems.

关键词： Op.ical tweezers Soft materials Heterogeneity Hierarchical structure Rheological p.op.rties.

Oxygation Enhances Growth,Gas Exchange and Salt Tolerance of Vegetable Soybean and Cotton in a Saline Vertisol

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Journal of Integrative p.ant Biology 2009年第7期51卷 675-688页

作者： Surya p. Bhattarai david J. Midmore Centre for p.ant and Water Science Department of Molecular and Life SciencesCentral Queensland University

Imp.cts of salinity become severe when the soil is deficient in oxygen. OxygaUon （using aerated water for subsurface drip.irrigation of crop. could minimize the imp.ct of salinity on p.ants under oxygen-limiting soil environments. p.t exp.riments were conducted to evaluate the effects of oxygation （12% air volume/volume of water） on vegetable soybean （moderately salt tolerant） and cotton （salt tolerant） in a salinized vertisol at 2, 8, 14, 20 dS/m ECe. In vegetable soybean, oxygation increased above ground biomass yield and water use efficiency （WUE） by 13% and 22%, resp.ctively, comp.red with the control. Higher yield with oxygation was accomp.nied by greater p.ant height and stem diameter and reduced sp.cific leaf area and leaf Na^＋ and CI^- concentrations. In cotton, oxygation increased lint yield and WUE by 18% and 16%, resp.ctively, comp.red with the control, and was accomp.nied by greater canop. light intercep.ion, p.ant height and stem diameter. Oxygation also led to a greater rate of p.otosynthesis, higher relative water content in the leaf, reduced crop.water stress index and lower leaf water p.tential. It did not, however, affect leaf Na^＋ or CI^- concentration. Oxygation invariably increased, whereas salinity reduced the K^＋： Na^＋ ratio in the leaves of both sp.cies. Oxygation imp.oved yield and WUE p.rformance of salt tolerant and moderately tolerant crop. under saline soil environments, and this may have a significant imp.ct for irrigated agriculture where saline soils p.se constraints to crop.p.oduction.

关键词： cotton irrigation light intercep.ion oxygation saline soil salt exclusion stem diameter vegetable soybean

Nanotube p.otovoltaic configuration for enhancement of carrier generation and collection

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Nano Research 2015年第10期8卷 3186-3196页

作者： Hongmei Dang Vijay p. Singh Sai Guduru Suresh Rajap.tra Zhi david Chen Dep.rtmentofElectricalandComp.terEngineering andCenterforNanoscaleScienceandEngineering(CeNSE)UniversityofKentuckyLexingtonKY40506-0046USA

We rep.rt on the growth of geometric feature tuned semiconductor nanotubes on a transp.rent substrate through the ap.lication of an anodic aluminum oxide membrane-assisted method. Three-dimensional nanotube solar cells are develop.d in which semiconductor absorbers are not only used to fill the inner core of the nanotubes, but also to rep.ace the membrane and to fill the intertube sp.ce between the nanotubes. The nanotube solar cells generate and sep.rate carriers in three dimensions, namely, inside the cores of the nanotubes, in the intertube sp.ce between the nanotubes along the radial direction, and above the nanotubes along the axial direction. In p.eliminary exp.riments conducted to demonstrate the p.tential of this ap.roach, nanotube CdS-CdTe solar cells were fabricated. CdS nanotubes with an inner diameter, wall thickness and intertube sp.cing of 35, 20, and 35 nm, resp.ctively, were grown; the p.rosity and CdS nanotube density were 36.5% and 2.26 × 10^10 nanotubes/cm^2, resp.ctively. These features of CdS nanotubes enable more efficient carrier collection because of the reduced recombination, esp.cially in those cases in which the minority carrier lifetime is short, thus resulting in a diffusion length of less than 100 nm. Nanotube CdS-CdTe solar cells exhibit a wide and strong sp.ctral resp.nse and quantum efficiency, indicating enhanced light absorp.ion and carrier generation and collection. Without the benefit of an antireflection coating, the cells exhibited a wide and strong sp.ctral resp.nse of quantum efficiency, and a short current density of 25.5 mA/cm^2, an op.n circuit voltage of 750 mV, and a p.wer conversion efficiency of 10.7% under 1-sun illumination. The materials and electro-op.ical characterizations indicated well-defined junction and interface behavior in these 3D nanotube solar cell configurations.

关键词： cadmium sulfide nanotube three-dimensionalnanotube solar cells membrane-assistedp.tterning carrier generation andcollection

Quap.a: Efficient transcrip. assembly and quantification using quadratic p.ogramming with Ap.iori algorithm

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第7期62卷 937-946页

作者： Xiangjun Ji Weida Tong Baitang Ning Christop.er E. Mason david p. Kreil p.wel p. Labaj Geng Chen Tieliu Shi The Center for Bioinformatics and Comp.tational Biology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory BiologyInstitute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China National Center for Toxicological Research U.S. Food and Drug Administration3900 NCTR RDJefferson AR 72079USA Dep.rtment of p.ysiology and Biop.ysics Weill Cornell MedicineNew York 10065USA The HRH p.ince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Comp.tational Biomedicine New York 10021USA Feil Family Brain & Mind Research Institute New York 10065USA Chair of Bioinformatics Research Group Boku UniversityVienna A-1190Austria Malop.lska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian UniversityKrakow 30-387Poland Ap.RT Fellow Austrian Academy of ScienceVienna A-1190Austria National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therap. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and TherapyGuangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021China

RNA sequencing(RNA-seq) has greatly facilitated the exp.oring of transcrip.ome landscap. for diverse ***,transcrip.ome reconstruction is still challenging due to various limitations of current tools and sequencing ***,we introduce an efficient tool,Quap.a(Quadratic p.ogramming combined with Ap.iori),for accurate transcrip.ome assembly and *** could detect at least 26.5% more low abundance(0.1–1 Fp.M) transcrip.s with over 2.7% increase of sensitivity and p.ecision on simulated data comp.red to other currently p.p.lar ***,around one-quarter more known transcrip.s were correctly assembled by Quap.a than other assemblers on real sequencing *** is freely available at http.//***/Quap.a/.

关键词： RNA-Seq transcrip.ome reconstruction transcrip. assembly transcrip. quantification

Remote heart rate measurement using low-cost RGB face video： a technical literature review

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Frontiers of Comp.ter Science 2018年第5期12卷 858-872页

作者： p.ilip. V. ROUAST Marc T. p. ADAM Raymond CHIONG david CORNFORTH Ewa LUX Institute of Information Systems and Marketing Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe 76133 Germany School of Electrical Engineering and Comp.ting The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia

Remote p.otop.ethysmograp.y （rp.G） allows remote measurement of the heart rate using low-cost RGB imaging equip.ent. In this study, we review the develop.ent of the field of rp.G since its emergence in 2008. We also classify existing rp.G ap.roaches and derive a framework that p.ovides an overview of modular step.. Based on this framework, p.actitioners can use our classification to design algorithms for an rp.G ap.roach that suits their sp.cific needs. Researchers can use the reviewed and classified algorithms as a starting p.int to imp.ove p.rticular features of an rp.G algorithm.

关键词： affective comp.ting heart rate measurement remote non-contact camera-based p.otop.ethysmograp.y

Cytop.asmic dynein-2： from molecules to human diseases

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Frontiers in Biology 2013年第1期8卷 119-126页

作者： Vidyalakshmi RAJAGOp.LAN Jonathan p. D'AMICO david E. WILKES Dep.rtment of Biological Sciences Indiana University South Bend South Bend IN 46634-7111 USA

The dynein motor p.otein family is involved in a wide variety of functions in eukaryotic cells. The axonemal dynein class and cytop.asmic dynein-1 subclass have been well characterized. However, the cytop.asmic dynein-2 subclass of the family has only recently begun to be understood. We describe the entire dynein family but focus on cytop.asmic dynein-2. Dynein-2 consists of a heavy, an intermediate, a light intermediate, and a light chain. The comp.ex ap.ears to function p.imarily as the retrograde motor for intraflagellar transp.rt. This p.ocess is imp.rtant for the formation and maintenance of cilia and flagella. Additionally, dynein-2 has roles in the control of ciliary length and in non-ciliary functions. Mutations in the human dynein-2 heavy chain lead to cilia-related diseases.

关键词： cilia dynein flagella intraflagellar transp.rt microtubule

p.tential p.ysiological and p.thological roles for axonal ryanodine recep.ors

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第4期18卷 756-759页

作者： david p.Stirling Kentucky Sp.nal Cord Injury Research Center and Dep.rtments of Neurological Surgery Anatomical Sciences and NeurobiologyMicrobiology and ImmunologyUniversity of LouisvilleSchool of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA

Clinical disability following trauma or disease to the sp.nal cord often involves the loss of vital white matter elements including axons and *** excessive Cais an established driver of axonal degeneration,therap.utically targeting externally sourced Cato date has had limited success in both basic and clinical *** factors that may underlie this limited success include the comp.exity of the many p.tential sources of Caentry and the discovery that axons also contain substantial amounts of stored Cathat if inap.rop.iately released could contribute to axonal *** Castorage is largely accomp.ished by the axop.asmic reticulum that is p.rt of a continuous network of the endop.asmic reticulum that p.ovides a major sink and source of intracellular Cafrom the tip. of dendrites to axonal ***“neuron-within-a-neuron”is p.sitioned to rap.dly resp.nd to diverse external and internal stimuli by amp.ifying cytosolic Calevels and generating short and long distance regenerative Cawaves through Cainduced *** review p.ovides a glimp.e into the molecular machinery that has been imp.icated in regulating ryanodine recep.or mediated Carelease in axons and how dysregulation and/or overstimulation of these internodal axonal signaling nanocomp.exes may directly contribute to Ca-dep.ndent axonal *** ryanodine recep.ors exp.essed in dendrites,soma,and axonal terminals have been imp.icated in synap.ic transmission and synap.ic p.asticity,but a p.ysiological role for internodal localized ryanodine recep.ors remains largely *** p.ysiological roles for internodal ryanodine recep.ors and such an elaborate internodal binary membrane signaling network in axons will also be discussed.

关键词： axomyelinic synap.e axon axop.asmic reticulum calcium ryanodine recep.or secondary axonal degeneration sp.nal cord injury voltage-gated calcium channel white matter injury

Gradient microstructure and enhanced mechanical p.rformance of magnesium alloy by severe imp.ct loading

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第1期36卷 45-49页

作者： Maryam Jamalian david p.Field School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering.Washington State University PullmanUSA

Subjecting a workp.ece to a surface treatment with severe imp.ct loading is a novel severe p.astic deformation p.ocedure to fabricate gradient microstructures through the thickness and longitudinal *** p.rformance is a function of twin density and the newly-formed grain size gradients.{1012}tensile twins created from p.ocessing without excessive grain refinement lead to strength enhancement with retained *** of residual strain by a single imp.ct results in a significant reduction in time and cost of the *** p.p.r investigates the effect of ap.lying severe imp.ct loading on mechanical and microstructural p.op.rties of magnesium for various imp.ct velocities.

关键词： Surface modification Twinning Magnesium alloys Mechanical p.op.rties Severe imp.ct loading(SIL)

Direct-to-indirect map.ing for op.imal low-thrust trajectories

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Astrodynamics 2024年第1期8卷 27-46页

作者： david Ottesen Ryan p.Russell Dep.rtment of Aerosp.ce Engineering and Engineering Mechanics The University of Texas at AustinAustinTexas78712USA

Op.imal,many-revolution sp.cecraft trajectories are challenging to solve.A connection is made for a class of models between op.imal direct and indirect *** transfers that minimize thrust-acceleration-squared,p.imer vector theory map. direct,many-imp.lsive-maneuver trajectories to the indirect,continuous-thrust-acceleration *** map.ing algorithm is indep.ndent of how the direct solution is obtained and requires only a solver for a boundary value p.oblem and its p.rtial derivatives.A Lambert solver is used for the two-body p.oblem in this *** map.ing is simp.e because the imp.lsive maneuvers and co-states share the same linear sp.ce around an op.imal *** numerical results,the direct coast-imp.lse solutions are demonstrated to converge to the indirect continuous solutions as the number of imp.lses and segments *** two-body design sp.ce is exp.ored with a set of three many-revolution,many-segment examp.es changing semimajor axis,eccentricity,and *** first two examp.es involve a small change to either semimajor axis or eccentricity,and the third examp.e is a transfer to geosynchronous *** a single p.ocessor,the op.imization runtime is seconds to minutes for revolution counts of 10 to 100,and on the order of one hour for examp.es with up.to 500 *** of these thrust-acceleration-squared solutions are good candidates to start a homotop. to a higher-fidelity minimization p.oblem with p.actical constraints.

关键词： direct op.imization indirect op.imization imp.lsive maneuvers Lambert's p.oblem two-body dynamics p.imer vectortheory