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Nutritional epigenetics education improves diet and attitude of parents of children with autism or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 159-178页

作者： Renee J Dufault Katherine M Adler david o carpenter Steven G Gilbert Raquel A Crider College of Graduate Health Studies A.T.Still UniversityKirksvilleMO 63501United States Department of Research Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States Department of Health Sciences University of New HavenWest HavenCT 06516United States Institute for Health and the Environment School of Public HealthState University of New YorkAlbanyNY 12222United States Department of Research Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological DisordersSeattleWA 98105United States Department of Statistics Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States

BACKGRoUND Unhealthy maternal diet leads to heavy metal exposures from the consumption of ultra-processed foods that may impact gene behavior across generations,creating conditions for the neurodevelopmental disorders known as autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Children with these disorders have difficulty metabolizing and excreting heavy metals from their bloodstream,and the severity of their symptoms correlates with the heavy metal levels measured in their *** may play a key role in helping parents reduce their ultra-processed food and dietary heavy metal intake by providing access to effective nutritional epigenetics *** To test the efficacy of nutritional epigenetics instruction in reducing parental ultra-processed food *** The study utilized a semi-randomized test and control group pretest-posttest pilot study design with participants recruited from parents having a learning-disabled child with autism or ***-two parents who met the inclusion criteria were randomly selected to serve in the test(n=11)or control(n=11)*** test group participated in the six-week online nutritional epigenetics tutorial,while the control group did *** efficacy of the nutritional epigenetics instruction was determined by measuring changes in parent diet and attitude using data derived from an online diet survey administered to the participants during the pre and post intervention *** intake scores were derived for both ultra-processed and whole/organic *** sample t-tests were conducted to determine any differences in mean diet scores within each *** There was a significant difference in the diet scores of the test group between the pre-and post-intervention *** parents in the test group significantly reduced their intake of ultra-processed foods with a preintervention diet score of 70(mean=5.385,SD=2.534)and a post-intervention diet score of 113(mean=8.692,SD=1.750)and the

关键词： Epigenomics Parenteral nutrition Autism Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Ultra-processed foods Heavy metals

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乳腺癌发病率与危险废弃物居住区之间的关系

乳腺癌发病率与危险废弃物居住区之间的关系

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中国地理学会百年庆典

作者：卢晓霞 Lawrence Lessner david o.carpenter 北京大学城市与环境学院纽约州立大学健康与环境研究所

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率自20世纪以来在世界各地均有上升的趋势。已有研究显示,病理因素不能完全解释乳腺癌发病率的增加,环境因素可能对乳腺癌的发生有贡献。环境中的许多污染物质如有机溶剂、持久性有机污染物、... 详细信息

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率自20世纪以来在世界各地均有上升的趋势。已有研究显示,病理因素不能完全解释乳腺癌发病率的增加,环境因素可能对乳腺癌的发生有贡献。环境中的许多污染物质如有机溶剂、持久性有机污染物、重金属等具有致癌性,可引发乳腺癌。本研究的假设是:居住在危险废弃物附近的居民比居住在清洁（无危险废弃物）地区的居民有更高的乳腺癌发病率。根据纽约州卫生部1993至2008年的数据,运用负二项回归方法,对30岁以上白种和黑种女性的乳腺癌发病率进行了模型分析。模型描述参数包括暴露、年龄、性别、收入、以及城市率。结果显示,不同描述参数之间有交叉影响,例如暴露和性别,暴露和收入,以及暴露和城市率。对于白种女性,在城市率较高的地区,中等收入的居住在危险废弃物附近的居民,其乳腺癌发病率显著高于相应清洁地区的居民。对于城市率较低的地区（农村）以及城市率较高的地区中低等和高等收入的居民,没有发现暴露组与非暴露组之间的显著差异。对于黑种女性,中高等收入的居住在危险废弃物附近的居民,其乳腺癌发病率显著高于相应清洁地区的居民。在城市率较低的地区,暴露组与非暴露组之间的差异不显著。

关键词：乳腺癌危险废弃物暴露负二项回归

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环太平洋地区的环境挑战

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国外科技新书评介 2009年第9期 13-14页

作者： david o. carpenter Blackwell 张永杰不详中国科学院力学研究所

人类进入21世纪的同时，也进入了一个机会与挑战并存的崭新发展阶段。环境污染成了人类所面临的巨大挑战之一，需要引起我们所有人的关注。本书正是关于环太平洋地区环境问题的最新研究成果的专著，内容为环太平洋环境与健康科学协会第... 详细信息

人类进入21世纪的同时，也进入了一个机会与挑战并存的崭新发展阶段。环境污染成了人类所面临的巨大挑战之一，需要引起我们所有人的关注。本书正是关于环太平洋地区环境问题的最新研究成果的专著，内容为环太平洋环境与健康科学协会第十二届国际会议上的会议论文。

关键词：环太平洋地区环境挑战环境污染研究成果环境问题会议论文国际会议科学协会

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Controlled generation of picosecond-pulsed higher-order Poincaré sphere beams from an ytterbium-doped multicore fiber amplifier

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Photonics Research 2023年第2期11卷 181-188页

作者： KUNHAo JI DI LIN IAN A. davidSoN SIYI WANG JoEL carpenter YoSHIMICHI AMMA YoNGMIN JUNG MASSIMILIANo GUASoNI david J. RICHARDSoN optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology School of Information EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Fujikura Ltd. Chiba 285-8550Japan

Higher-order Poincarésphere(HoPS) beams with spatially variable polarization and phase distributions are opening up a host of unique applications in areas ranging from optical communication to ***, the flexible generation of these beams with high peak power from compact laser systems remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate the controlled generation of HoPS beams based on coherent beam combination from an Yb-doped multicore fiber(MCF) amplifier. Using a spatial light modulator to adaptively adjust the wavefront and polarization of the signals seeded into the individual cores of the MCF various structured beams(including cylindrical vector beams and first-and second-order vortex beams) were generated with peak powers up to 14 k W for ~92 ps pulses.

关键词： amplifier polarization fiber

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Disagreement in middle ear volume estimation between tympanometry and three-dimensional volume reconstruction in the context of tympanic membrane perforation

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Journal of otology 2017年第2期12卷 74-79页

作者： david J.carpenter Debara L.Tucci david M.Kaylie Dennis o.Frank-Ito Division of Head and Neck Surgery&Communication Sciences Department of SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA Computational Biology&Bioinformatics PhD Program Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA

Introduction: Middle ear volume(MEV) is a clinically relevant parameter across middle ear diseases. MEV values between these techniques have never before been tested for agreement in ears with perforated tympanic membranes(TMs).Methods: Middle ears were identified from 36 patients ranging 18-89 years of age with TM perforations who underwent tympanometry and temporal bone computed tomography(CT) between 2005 and 2015. MEVs calculated by both tympanometry and three-dimensional volume reconstruction(3DVR) were analyzed for agreement using Bland Altman plots. The differences between tympanometric and 3DVR MEV values for each given middle ear were characterized across MEV quartiles(1= smallest; 4= largest) and across increasing states of middle ear disease using Kruskale Wallis and Wilcoxon testing with Bonferroni ***: Bland Altman plots demonstrated significant disagreement between MEV measurement techniques. Differences between tympanometric(T) and 3DVR MEV values were significantly greater with increasing average(i.e.(Tt3DVR)/2)) MEV per linear regression(p onstrated between fourth and first average MEV quartiles(p= 0.0024), fourth and second quartiles(p= 0.0024), third and first quartiles(p= 0.0048), and third and second quartiles(p= 0.048). Absolute MEV difference was not significantly different across varying states of middle ear disease(p= 0.44).Conclusion: Statistically and clinically significant disagreement was demonstrated between tympanometric and 3DVR MEV values. Studies that vary in MEV estimation techniques may be expected to demonstrate significantly different results. These preliminary results suggest that clinicians should endeavor to seek further confirmation when interpreting high tympanometric MEV values.

关键词： Middle ear volume Tympanometry Three-dimensional volume reconstruction Tympanic membrane perforation

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The anatomic determinants of conductive hearing loss secondary to tympanic membrane perforation

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Journal of otology 2017年第3期12卷 125-131页

作者： david J.carpenter Debara L.Tucci david M.Kaylie Dennis o.Frank-Ito Division of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Computational Biology & Bioinformatics PhD Program Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University Durham NC USA

objectives: Recent studies have introduced middle ear volume(MEV) as a novel determinant of perforation-induced conductive hearing loss(CHL) in a mechanism driven by trans-tympanic membrane pressure differences. The primary aims of this preliminary report are to: 1) correlate CHL with perforation size; 2) describe the relationship between CHL and MEV; and 3) compare CHL across a range of cholesteatoma ***: A retrospective pilot study was performed in 31 subjects with audiometry indicative of conductive hearing loss, temporal bone CT scans,and no prior middle ear surgery. Perforation size and MEV were analyzed with respect to CHL in a cohort of 10 perforated ears with no cholesteatoma. CHLs were compared in 3 groups defined by extent of cholesteatoma ***: Ears with large and small perforations showed mean ABG values of 32.0 ± 15.7 dB and 16.0 ± 16.4 dB, respectively. A direct relationship was observed between MEV and CHL for ears with large perforations across all frequencies, whereas this relationship for small perforations was frequency-dependent. Finally, a statistically significant increase in CHL was found across ears with increasing cholesteatoma involvement at 1000 Hz(X^2(2) = 9.786, p = 0.008),2000 Hz(x^2(2) = 8.455, p = 0.015),and 4000 Hz(x^2(2)= 8.253, p = 0.016).Conclusions: These pilot data suggest that greater perforation-induced conductive hearing losses may be associated with larger perforation sizes and cholesteatoma. The correlation between MEV and CHL may require additional study.

关键词： Perforation-induced hearing loss Conductive hearing loss Middle ear volume Three-dimensional volume reconstruction

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Temporal bone anatomy characteristics in superior semicircular canal dehiscence

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Journal of otology 2017年第4期12卷 185-191页

作者： Marrigje A. de Jong david J. carpenter david M. Kaylie Erin G. Piker Dennis o. Frank-Ito Department of otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital Jerusalem Israel Division of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders James Madison University Harrisonburg VA USA Computational Biology & Bioinformatics Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University Durham NC USA

Introduction: Superior semicircular canal dehiscence(SCD) remains difficult to diagnose despite advances in high-resolution computed tomography(HRCT) imaging. We hypothesize possible associations between gross temporal bone anatomy and sub-millimeter pathology of the semicircular canals, which may supplement imaging and clinical suspicion. This pilot study investigates differences in gross temporal bone anatomic parameters between temporal bones with and without ***: Records were reviewed for 18 patients referred to an otology clinic complaining of dizziness with normal caloric stimulation results indicative of non-vestibular findings. Eleven patients had normal temporal bone anatomy while seven had SCD. Three-dimensional reconstruction of every patient's temporal bone anatomy was created from patient-specific computational tomography images. Surface area(SA),volume(V), and SA to V ratios(SA:V) were computed across temporal bone anatomical ***: SCD temporal bones have significantly smaller V, and larger temporal bone SA. Mean(±SD) V was 21,484 ± 3,921 mm^3 in temporal bones without SCD and 16,343 ± 34,471 mm^3 for those with SCD. Their respective SA were 13,733 ± 1,603 mm^2 and 18,073 ± 3,002 mm^*** bone airspaces and lateral semicircular canals did not demonstrate significant differences where SCD was and was not present. Plots of MV_(warm)response against computed SCD temporal bone anatomic parameters(SA, V and SA:V) showed moderate to strong correlations:temporal bone SA:V(r= 0.64), temporal bone airspace V(r= 0.60), temporal bone airspace SA(r= 0.55), LSCC SA(r= 0.51), and LSCC-toTM Distance(r= 0.65).Conclusions: This analysis demonstrated that SCD is associated with decreased temporal bone volume and density. The defect in SCD does not appear to influence caloric responses.

关键词： Temporal bone Anatomy Superior canal dehiscence Superior semicircular canal dehiscence

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High-power,electronically controlled source of user-defined vortex and vector light beams based on a few-mode fiber amplifier

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Photonics Research 2021年第5期9卷 856-864页

作者： DI LIN JoEL carpenter YUToNG FENG YoNGMIN JUNG SHAIF-UL ALAM david J.RICHARDSoN optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

optical angular momentum(oAM)-based structured light beams provide an additional degree of freedom for practical applications ranging from optical communication to laser-based material processing. Many techniques exist for generating such beams within laser sources and these primarily rely upon the use of specially designed optical components that limit laser power scaling and ready tunability of the topological charge and polarization of the output oAM beams. Here we show that some of these limitations can be overcome by employing a computer controlled reflective phase-only spatial light modulator to adaptively tailor the input(and subsequent output) beam wavefront and polarization in a few-mode fiber amplifier. In this way modal-coupling-induced beam distortion within the fiber amplifier can be mitigated and we are able to generate at will any desired supported spatial mode guided in the fiber, including conventional linearly polarized(LP) modes, scalar oAM modes, and cylindrical vector modes, at average powers >10 W and with a peak power of >11 kW. our results pave the way to the realization of practical high-power structured laser sources with tunable chirality and polarization.

关键词： amplifier fiber power

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Femtosecond laser fabrication of nanograting-based distributed fiber sensors for extreme environmental applications

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2021年第2期3卷 139-152页

作者： Mohan Wang Kehao Zhao Jingyu Wu Yuqi Li Yang Yang Sheng Huang Jieru Zhao Thomas Tweedle david carpenter Guiqiu Zheng Qingxu Yu Kevin P Chen Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261United States of America School of optoelectronic Engineering and Instrument Science Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116081People’s Republic of China Westinghouse Electric Company LLC PittsburghPA 15235United States of America Nuclear Reactor Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology138 Albany StreetCambridgeMA 02139United States of America

The femtosecond laser has emerged as a powerful tool for micro-and nanoscale device fabrication. Through nonlinear ionization processes, nanometer-sized material modifications can be inscribed in transparent materials for device fabrication. This paper describes femtosecond precision inscription of nanograting in silica fiber cores to form both distributed and point fiber sensors for sensing applications in extreme environmental conditions. Through the use of scanning electron microscope imaging and laser processing optimization,high-temperature stable, Type II femtosecond laser modifications were continuously inscribed,point by point, with only an insertion loss at 1 d B m~(-1) or 0.001 d B per point sensor ***-temperature performance of fiber sensors was tested at 1000℃, which showed a temperature fluctuation of ±5.5℃ over 5 days. The low laser-induced insertion loss in optical fibers enabled the fabrication of a 1.4 m, radiation-resilient distributed fiber sensor. The in-pile testing of the distributed fiber sensor further showed that fiber sensors can execute stable and distributed temperature measurements in extreme radiation environments. overall, this paper demonstrates that femtosecond-laser-fabricated fiber sensors are suitable measurement devices for applications in extreme environments.

关键词： femtosecond laser manufacturing optical fiber sensor device fabrication extreme environment sensing

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Influence of brown stink bug feeding, planting date and sampling time on common smut infection of maize

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Insect Science 2014年第5期21卷 564-571页

作者： Xinzhi Ni Michael D. Toews G. david Buntin James E. carpenter Alisa Huffaker Eric A. Schmelz Ted E. Cottrell Zaid Abdo USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit Tifton GA 31793 Department of Entomology University of Georgia TiftonGA 31793-5766 Department of Entomology University of Georgia Griffin GA 30223 USDA-ARS Crop Protection and Management Research Unit Tifton GA 31793 USDA-ARS Center for Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology Gainesville FL 32608 USDA-ARS Southeast Fru# and Tree Nut Research Laboratory Byron GA 31008 USDA-ARS South Atlantic Area Office 950 College Station Road Athens GA 30605 USA

Phytopathogen infections are frequently influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors in a crop field. The effect of brown stink bug, Euschistus servus （Hemiptera： Pentatomidae）, feeding and planting date and sampling time on common smut （Ustilago maydis） infection percentage of maize plants was examined in 2005 and 2006, and 2010 and 2011, respectively. Brown stink bug adult feeding on maize hybrid ＂DKC6971＂ at flowering in 2005 and 2006 did not influence smut infection percentage when examined using 3 treatments （i.e., 0 adult, 5 adults, and 5 adults mixed with the smut spores）. The smut infection percentages were 〈 3% （n =12） in the 3 treatments. The smut infection percentage among the 4 weekly samplings was the same, so was natural aflatoxin contamination at harvest among the treatments. The 2nd experiment showed that planting date did not affect the smut infection percentage in either 2010 or 2011. But, the smut infection percentage from the postflowering sampling was greater than preflowering sampling in both years. The smut infection percentage varied among the germplasm lines in 2010, but not in 2011. This study demonstrated that brown stink bug feeding at flowering had no effect on smut infection in maize, and the best time for smut evaluation would be after flowering. The temperature and precipitation might have also influenced the percentage of smut-infected maize plants during the 4 years when the experiments were conducted. The similarity between kernel-colonizing U. maydis and Aspergillus flavus infections and genotype × environment interaction were also discussed.

关键词： common smut Euschistus servus planting date Ustilago maydis

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