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Glacier reconstruction of La Covacha Massif in Sierra de Gredos(central Spain) during the Last Glacial Maximum

Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第6期16卷 1336-1352页

作者： néstor CAMPOS david PALACIOS Luis M.TAnARRO Department of Geography Complutense University of Madrid

A paleoglacier reconstruction during the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM) is presented for a high mountain area of La Covacha massif in Sierra de Gredos(Iberian Central System) in central Spain. The moraines that, according with the previous literature, had formed during the global LGM, were mapped through photo interpretation of digital aerial photographs and 3D images and detailed field surveys. The topography of the paleoglaciers was estimated using a simple steady-state model that assumed a perfectly plastic ice rheology, reconstructing the theoretical ice profiles and obtaining the ice thickness of the glaciers during the LGM. The reconstruction of the glaciers was carried out using automated and semi-automated physically-based models, obtaining more realistic results with semi-automated models. According to our study, the paleoglaciers in the study area covered an area of 34.79 km^2 during the global LGM, with a maximum ice thickness of 366 meters in La Vega gorge, a total volume of 34.25 × 108 m^3 and a mean paleoELA of 1932 meters. Most of the ice(~82%) was in paleoglaciers facing north, and the rest was in paleoglaciers with other orientations. This emphasizes the importance of orientation in relation to glacier dynamics and ice accumulation. The results obtained in the calculation of paleoELAs during the global LGM in Gredos are average compared to the Iberian mountains of the northwest where the values were much lower, and with respect to those of the Southwest, much higher. This demonstrates the importance of the exposure of Mediterranean mountains to the humidity sources coming from the nW during the global LGM, as is the case at present.

关键词： Glacier reconstruction Paleoglacier Ice thickness Equilibrium line altitude Iberian Central System

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Functional diversity of small-mammal postcrania is linked to both substrate preference and body size

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Current Zoology 2020年第5期66卷 539-553页

作者： Lucas n.Weaver david M.Grossnickle Department of Biology Life Sciences BuildingUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA

Selective pressures favor morphologies that are adapted to distinct ecologies,resulting in trait partition!ng among ***,the effects of these selective pressures vary across taxa,especially because morphology is also influenced by factors such as phylogeny,body size,and functional *** this study,we examine how these factors impact functional diversification in *** has been proposed that trait partitioning among mammalian ecomorphotypes is less pronoun ced at small body sizes due to biomecha nical,energetic,and environ mental factors that favor a"generalist"body plan,whereas larger taxa exhibit more substantial functional *** title this the Diverge nee Hypothesis(DH)because it predicts greater morphological divergence among ecomorphotypes at larger body *** test DH by using phylogenetic comparative methods to examine the postcranial skeletons of 129 species of taxonomically diverse,small-tomedium-sized(nd-dwellers."In some analyses,the morphologies of ground-dwellers and tree-dwellers suggest greater between-group differentiation at larger sizes,providing some evidence for ***,this trend is n either particularly strong nor supported by all an *** stead,a more pronoun ced patter n emerges that is distinct from the predictions of DH:within-group phenotypic disparity increases with body size in both ground-dwellers and tree-dwellers,driven by morphological outliers among"medium'-sized ***,evolutionary increases in body size are more closely linked to increases in within-locomotor-group disparity tha n to in creases in betwee n-group *** discuss biomechanical and ecological factors that may drive these evolutionary patter ns,and we emphasize the significant evolutionary influences of ecology and body size on phenotypic diversity.

关键词： adaptive landscapes ecomorphology morphometries phenotypic diversity phylogenetic comparative methods trait partitioning

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A review of the thermal stability of metastable austenite in steels:Martensite formation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第32期91卷 200-214页

作者： Yong Li david San Martín Jinliang Wang Chenchong Wang Wei Xu State key laboratory of rolling and automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Materalia Research Group Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas(CENIM-CSIC)Avda Gregorio del Amo 8Madrid E-28040Spain School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China

Metastable austenite plays a critical role in achieving improved combinations of high strength and high ductility/toughness in the design of advanced high-strength steels(AHSS). The thermal stability of metastable austenite determines the transformation characteristics of AHSS and thus primarily determines the microstructure evolution during complex processes, e.g., the quenching and partitioning process, to achieve the desirable microstructure. This study provides a review of the thermal stability of austenite and its influence on martensitic transformation from both experimental and theoretical modeling perspectives. From the experimental perspective, factors affecting the thermal stability are analyzed,the relative sensitivities are compared, and their corresponding mechanisms are discussed. From the theoretical modeling perspective, the most representative kinetic models that describe athermal and isothermal martensitic transformation are reviewed. The advantages, shortcomings, and applicability of each model are discussed. The systematic review of both experimental and theoretical aspects reveals critical factors in tailoring the stability of metastable austenite and, therefore, provides guidance for the design of advanced steels.

关键词： Austenite Thermal stability Martensitic transformation Kinetic models

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An Axiom System of Probabilistic Mu-Calculus

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2022年第2期27卷 372-385页

作者： Wanwei Liu Junnan Xu david n.Jansen Andrea Turrini Lijun Zhang College of Computer Science National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of SoftwareChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Institute of Intelligent Software Guangzhou 511458China

Mu-calculus(a.k.a.μTL)is built up from modal/dynamic logic via adding the least fixpoint operatorμ.This type of logic has attracted increasing attention since Kozen’s seminal work.PμTL is a succinct probabilistic extension of the standardμTL obtained by making the modal operators *** of this logic,such as expressiveness and satisfiability decision,have been studied *** consider another important problem:the axiomatization of that *** extending the approaches of Kozen and Walukiewicz,we present an axiom system for Pμ*** addition,we show that the axiom system is complete for aconjunctive formulas.

关键词： PμTL axiom system aconjunctive formula tableau approach

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Gibberellin signaling turns blue

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Molecular Plant 2021年第8期14卷 1226-1228页

作者： noel Blanco-Tourinan david Alabadi Plant Vascular Development Group ETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas(CSIC-UPV) 46022 ValenciaSpain

The effect of envir on mental light on plant growth is mediated,at least in part,by the hormones gibberellins(GAs).The current model is that light signaling affects the GA pathway by transcrip-tional regulation of GA metabolism genes and by degradation of the negative regulators DELLA proteins by *** new studies provide evidenee showing that the blue light photoreceptor CRY1 directly regulates GA signaling.

关键词： CRY1 Gibberellin photoreceptor

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Clinical relevance of cancer genome sequencing

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第13期19卷 2011-2018页

作者： Chee Seng Ku david n Cooper Dimitrios H Roukos Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institute Institute of Medical Genetics School of MedicineCardiff University Department of Surgery Ioannina University School of Medicine Centre for Biosystems and Synthetic Genomic network Medicine Centre for BioSystems and Genomic Network MedicineIoannina University

The arrival of both high-throughput and bench-top next-generation sequencing technologies and sequence enrichment methods has revolutionized our approach to dissecting the genetic basis of cancer. These technologies have been almost invariably employed in wholegenome sequencing (WGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies. Both WGS and WES approaches have been widely applied to interrogate the somatic mutational landscape of sporadic cancers and identify novel germline mutations underlying familial cancer syndromes. The clinical implications of cancer genome sequencing have become increasingly clear, for example in diagnostics. In this editorial, we present these advances in the context of research discovery and discuss both the clinical relevance of cancer genome sequencing and the challenges associated with the adoption of these genomic technologies in a clinical setting.

关键词： next-generation sequencing Exome Cancer Diagnostics Familial cancer syndrome Somatic mutation

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Phylogenetic Relationships of 3/3 and 2/2 Hemoglobins in Archaeplastida Genomes to Bacterial and Other Eukaryote Hemoglobins

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Molecular Plant 2011年第1期4卷 42-58页

作者： Serge n. Vinogradov Ivan Fernandez david Hoogewijs Rail Arredondo-Peter Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit MI 48201 USA Laboratorio de Biofisica y Biologia Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos 62210 Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP) University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland

Land plants and algae form a supergroup, the Archaeplastida, believed to be monophyletic. We report the results of an analysis of the phylogeny of putative globins in the currently available genomes to bacterial and other eu- karyote hemoglobins （Hbs）. Archaeplastida genomes have 3/3 and 2/2 Hbs, with the land plant genomes having group 2 2/ 2 Hbs, except for the unexpected occurrence of two group 1 2/2 Hbs in Ricinus communis. Bayesian analysis shows that plant 3/3 Hbs are related to vertebrate neuroglobins and bacterial flavohemoglobins （FHbs）. We sought to define the bacterial groups, whose ancestors shared the precursors of Archaeplastida Hbs, via Bayesian and neighbor-joining anal- yses based on COBALTalignment of representative sets of bacterial 3/3 FHb-like globins and group I and 2 2/2 Hbs with the corresponding Archaeplastida Hbs. The results suggest that the Archaeplastida 3/3 and group 1 2/2 Hbs could have orig- inated from the horizontal gene transfers （HGTs） that accompanied the two generally accepted endosymbioses of a pro- teobacterium and a cyanobacterium with a eukaryote ancestor. In contrast, the origin of the group 2 212 Hbs unexpectedly appears to involve HGT from a bacterium ancestral to Chloroflexi, Deinococcales, Bacilli, and Actinomycetes. Furthermore, although intron positions and phases are mostly conserved among the land plant 3/3 and 2/2 globin genes, introns are absent in the algal 3/3 genes and intron positions and phases are highly variable in their 2/2 genes. Thus, introns are irrelevant to globin evolution in Archaeplastida.

关键词： Algae Archaeplastida evolution hemoglobin land plants truncated Hbs

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Behavioral type,in interaction with body size,affects the recapture rate of brown trout Salmo trutta juveniles in their nursery stream

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第5期13卷 604-611页

作者： Joacim nÄSLUnD niklas WEnGSTRÖM Fredrik WAHLQVIST david ALDVÉn LiborZÁVORKA Johan HÖJESJÖ Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Department of Ecosystem Biology University of South Bohemia inČeskéBudějoviceČeskéBudějoviceCzech Republic Swedish Anglers Association GothenburgSweden

Movement activity levels of wild animals often differ consistently among individuals,reflecting different behavioral *** studies have shown that laboratory-scored activity can predict several ecologically relevant *** an experiment on wild brown trout Salmo trutta,spanning from June to October,we investigated how spring swimming activity,measured in a standardized laboratory test,related to relative recapture probability in *** on laboratory activity scores,individuals clustered into 2 groups,which showed contrasting patterns in the size-dependency of their recapture *** had a slightly positive effect on recapture probability for passive fish but a clear negative effect on active *** results show that the population structure in a cohort,in terms of relative proportions of behavioral types in different size classes,can vary over *** results of this study could depend on either selective mortality or ***,selective disappearance of individuals with specific phenotypes,regardless of the mechanism,will have implications for trout population management,such as stocking efficiency of hatchery fish with high growth rates or maintenance of fishways past migration barriers.

关键词： animal personality freshwater fish recapture rate Salmonidae size-dependency

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The elphbolt ab initio solver for the coupled electron-phonon Boltzmann transport equations

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 236-244页

作者： nakib H.Protik Chunhua Li Miguel Pruneda david Broido Pablo Ordejón Catalan Institute of nanoscience and nanotechnology(ICn2) CSIC and BISTCampus Bellaterra8193BarcelonaSpain Department of Physics Boston CollegeChestnut HillBostonMA02467USA

elphbolt is a modern Fortran (2018 standard) code for efficiently solving the coupled electron–phonon Boltzmann transport equations from first *** results from density functional and density functional perturbation theory as inputs,it can calculate the effect of the non-equilibrium phonons on the electronic transport (phonon drag) and non-equilibrium electrons on the phononic transport (electron drag) in a fully self-consistent manner and obeying the constraints mandated by *** can calculate the lattice,charge,and thermoelectric transport coefficients for the temperature gradient and electric fields,and the effect of the mutual electron–phonon drag on these transport *** code fully exploits the symmetries of the crystal and the transport-active window to allow the sampling of extremely fine electron and phonon wave vector meshes required for accurately capturing the drag *** coarray feature of modern Fortran,which offers native and convenient support for parallelization,is *** code is compact,readable,well-documented,and extensible by design.

关键词： properties phonon equations

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Stem cell differentiation and human liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第17期18卷 2018-2025页

作者： Wen-Li Zhou Claire n Medine Liang Zhu david C Hay Department of Gastroenterology Changzheng Hospital Second Military Medical University ofChina Shanghai 200003 China Medical Re-search Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine University ofEdinburgh Edinburgh EH 16 4UU Scotland United Kingdom

Human stem cells are scalable cell populations capable of cellular *** makes them a very attractive in vitro cellular resource and in theory provides unlimited amounts of primary *** an approach has the potential to improve our understanding of human biology and treating *** the future it may be possible to deploy novel stem cell-based approaches to treat human liver *** recent years,eff icient hepatic differentiation from human stem cells has been achieved by several research groups including our *** this review we provide an overview of the f ield and discuss the future potential and limitations of stem cell technology.

关键词： Differentiation Pluripotent stem cells Hepatocyte-like cells Liver development Polymer chemistry Regenerative medicine Transplantation Bio-artif icial liver

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