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Glyphosate Exposure Associated with Human Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Scoping Review

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2024年第7期14卷 187-209页

作者： Hannah Hutchins david m. Compton Kris Dougherty Behavioral Neuroscience Program Palm Beach Atlantic University West Palm Beach Florida USA Department of Biology Palm Beach Atlantic University West Palm Beach Florida USA

Chemically engineered agricultural products such as pesticides, insecticides, and herbicides, although used considerably for both industrialized and personal agricultural use, have recently been associated with a number of serious human health disorders. This rapid literature review aims to accumulate and analyze research from the last ten years, focusing specifically on the effects of exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide products such as Roundup as associated with the formation of various neurological disorders. Specifically, this review focuses on laboratory research using animal models or human cell cultures as well as human population-based epidemiological studies. It associates exposure to glyphosate or glyphosate-based products with the formation or exacerbation of neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, seizures, and autism spectrum disorder. In addition, it examines the correlation between the gut-brain axis, exposure to glyphosate, and neurodegeneration.

关键词： Herbicide Glyphosate Roundup Neurodegeneration Neurodegenerative Disorder Parkinson’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease Seizures Autism Spectrum Disorder Gut-Brain Axis

Lateral femoral neck stress fractures: A case report

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第9期15卷 891-901页

作者： Christiaan AJ Oudmaijer Nuno R Paulino Pereira david Visser Alexander m Wakker Wout S Veltman Robbart van Linschoten Department of Surgery Division of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation SurgeryErasmus MC Transplant InstituteRotterdam 3015 GDZuid-HollandNetherlands Princess maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology Utrecht 3584 CSNetherlands Orthopaedics and Sports medicine Erasmus MCErasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdam 3015 GDZuid-HollandNetherlands Department of Surgery Division of Trauma SurgeryErasmus MCErasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdam 3015 GDZuid-HollandNetherlands

BACKGROUND Sport-induced injuries particularly affect young,healthy,and active ***,a popular and accessible sport,can cause a wide range of injuries,including stress *** fractures can occur during high-intensity training or competitions,especially among well-trained amateurs and professional *** diagnosis can be complicated by the typically young age,unremarkable medical history,and vital condition of the *** fractures present insidiously,and this is specifically the case with stress fractures of the femoral *** intervention is crucial to prevent progressive displacement,as this can damage the blood supply to the femoral *** SUmmARY A 30-year-old male runner presented to our outpatient clinic with persistent pain 3 weeks after running a marathon.X-ray showed a complete lateral fracture of the left femoral neck,which was treated surgically with a dynamic hip *** It is essential for healthcare providers to be vigilant for the subtle symptoms of stress fractures to ensure timely *** recognition prevents com-plication and leads to a better prognosis.

关键词： femoral injuries stress

Uncovering the dominant contribution of intermediate volatility compounds in secondary organic aerosol formation from biomass-burning emissions

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 150-158页

作者： Kun Li Jun Zhang david m.Bell Tiantian Wang Houssni Lamkaddam Tianqu Cui Lu Qi mihnea Surdu Dongyu Wang Lin Du Imad El Haddad Jay G.Slowik Andre S.H.Prevot Environment Research Institute Shandong University Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

Organic vapors from biomass burning are a major source of secondary organic aerosols(SOAs). Previous smog chamber studies found that the SOA contributors in biomass-burning emissions are mainly volatile organic compounds(VOCs). While intermediate volatility organic compounds(IVOCs) are efficient SOA precursors and contribute a considerable fraction of biomass-burning emissions, their contribution to SOA formation has not been directly observed. Here, by deploying a newly-developed oxidation flow reactor to study SOA formation from wood burning, we find that IVOCs can contribute ～70% of the formed SOA, i.e.>2 times more than VOCs. This previously missing SOA fraction is interpreted to be due to the high wall losses of semi-volatile oxidation products of IVOCs in smog chambers. The finding in this study reveals that SOA production from biomass burning is much higher than previously thought, and highlights the urgent need for more research on the IVOCs from biomass burning and potentially other emission sources.

关键词： atmospheric chemistry biomass burning secondary organic aerosol intermediate volatility organic compounds

Old-growth mixed dipterocarp forests show variable losses and gains in aboveground biomass and standing carbon over forty years

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 14-23页

作者： Sisira Ediriweera Champika Bandara Tithira Lakkana Shanika Jayasinghe david Woodbury Arun Dayanandan B.m.P.Singhakumara Xiangcheng mi I.A.U.N.Gunatilleke C.V.S.Gunatilleke mark SAshton Department of Science and Technology Uva Wellassa UniversityBadullaSri Lanka The Forest School Yale School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA Department of Forestry and Environmental Science University of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China Botany Department University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka

Background:No studies have documented long-term trends in aboveground biomass(AGB)for mixed-dipterocarp forests(mDF),the dominant rain forest type in tropical wet equatorial *** our study,we sought to document such trends over forty years across three sites representing lowland to lower montane ***:To do this,we established fifty 100 m×25 m plots in 1978 across three sites sampled along an elevation gradient,identified as mature old-growth *** measured trees for diameter at breast height that we identified to species and *** took wood samples to calculate species wood-specific *** re-measured plots in 1998 and again in ***:We show standing AGB for all sites combined to be 517.52 mg·ha^(-1)in 1978,but this declined by 17%over 40 years to 430.11 mg·ha^(-1).No differences exist among sites in AGB primarily because of considerable within site variation;but interactions of time with site show declines across sites were not uniform,one remained about the *** few species represented a high proportion of the AGB with the top five species comprising between 34%and 65%,depending upon site and year *** species,mesua nagassarium,represented a disproportionately large amount of AGB and decline over time,particularly at the low elevation ***:Our results are directly relevant to estimating AGB and standing carbon sequestered in *** study is the first to demonstrate varying but overall,declining trends in amounts of AGB among forests making predictions of biomass and standing carbon in mDF difficult over wide regions.

关键词： Western ghats Shorea spp. Southeast Asia Sri Lanka Tropical rain forest Wood specific gravity

Cognitive function among military veterans with STEm occupations

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military medical Research 2024年第2期11卷 308-310页

作者： Justin T.mcDaniel Kevin N.Hascup Erin R.Hascup Ugochukwu G.Ezigbo Amanda m.Weidhuner Harvey Henson david L.Albright Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and trEatment(CARE) Southern Illinois University School of MedicineSpringfieldIL 62794USA STEm Education Research Center Southern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIL 62901USA Department of Political Science The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA

Dear Editor,There is limited research on the relationship between science,technology,engineering,and mathematics(STEm)occupational history and cognitive function in later life,especially among military veterans,who may be at greater risk for later-life cognitive *** study examines a nationally representative sample of military veterans to address this gap in knowledge.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Veterans Science technology engineering and mathematics(STEm) Animal fluency test Dementia

Finding the magnetopause location using soft X-ray observations and a statistical inverse method

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 184-203页

作者： Gonzalo Cucho-Padin Hyunju Connor Jaewoong Jung Brian Walsh david G.Sibeck Space Weather Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Department of Physics The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonDCUSA Geospace Physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Astronomy Department University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA Center for Space Physics Department of Mechanical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA

Variability in the location and shape of the dayside magnetopause is attributed to magnetic reconnection,a fundamental process that enables the transfer of mass,energy,and momentum from the solar wind into the *** spatial and temporal properties of the magnetopause,under varying solar and magnetospheric conditions,remain largely unknown because empirical studies using in-situ observations are challenging to *** wide field-of-view(FOV)imaging is the only means to simultaneously observe the spatial distribution of the plasma properties over the vast dayside magnetospheric region and,subsequently,quantify the energy transport from the interplanetary medium into the terrestrial *** upcoming missions,ESA/CAS SmILE and NASA’s LEXI will provide wide-field imagery of the dayside magnetosheath in soft X-rays,an emission generated by charge exchange interactions between high charge-state heavy ions of solar wind origin and exospheric neutral ***-cadence two-dimensional observations of the magnetosheath will allow the estimation of dynamic properties of its inner boundary,the magnetopause,and enable studies of its response to changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure and interplanetary magnetic field *** work introduces a statistically-based estimation approach based on inverse theory to estimate the spatial distribution of magnetosheath soft X-ray emissivities and,with this,identify the location of the magnetopause over the Sun−Earth *** do so,we simulate the magnetosheath structure using the mHD-based OpenGGCm model and generate synthetic soft X-ray images using LEXI’s orbit and attitude *** results show that 3-D estimations using the described statistically-based technique are robust against Poisson-distributed shot noise inherent to soft X-ray ***,our proposed methodology shows that the accuracy of both three-dimensional(3-D)estimation and the magnetopause standoff distance calculation hi

关键词： magnetopause soft X-ray tomography

Efficiency improvement by using metal–insulator‑semiconductor structure in InGaN/GaN micro‑light‑emitting diodes

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第1期17卷 77-84页

作者： Jian Yin david Hwang Hossein Zamani Siboni Ehsanollah Fathi Reza Chaji Dayan Ban Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Waterloo Institute NanotechnologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Vuereal InC. 440 Philip StreetUnit 100WaterlooON N2L 5R9Canada

InGaN/GaN micro-light-emitting diodes(micro-LEDs)with a metal–insulator-semiconductor(mIS)structure on the sidewall are proposed to improve *** this mIS structure,a sidewall electrode is deposited on the insulating layer-coated sidewall of the device mesa between a cathode on the bottom and an anode on the ***(EL)measurements of fabricated devices with a mesa diameter of 10μm show that the application of negative biases on the sidewall electrode can increase the device external quantum efficiency(EQE).In contrast,the application of positive biases can decrease the *** band structure analysis reveals that the EQE is impacted because the application of sidewall electric fields manipulates the local surface electron density along the mesa sidewall and thus controls surface Shockley–Read–Hall(SRH)*** suggested strategies,reducing insulator layer thickness and exploring alternative materials,can be implemented to further improve the EQE of mIS micro-LEDs in future fabrication.

关键词： micro-LED GaN EQE improvement micro-fabrication

Theory of Flexural Shear, Bending and Torsion for a Thin-Walled Beam of Open Section

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World Journal of mechanics 2024年第3期14卷 23-53页

作者： david W. A. Rees Abdelraouf m. Sami Alsheikh College of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge UK

Aspects of the general Vlasov theory are examined separately as applied to a thin-walled channel section cantilever beam under free-end end loading. In particular, the flexural bending and shear that arise under transverse shear and axial torsional loading are each considered theoretically. These analyses involve the location of the shear centre at which transverse shear forces when applied do not produce torsion. This centre, when taken to be coincident with the centre of twist implies an equivalent reciprocal behaviour. That is, an axial torsion applied concentric with the shear centre will twist but not bend the beam. The respective bending and shear stress conversions are derived for each action applied to three aluminium alloy extruded channel sections mounted as cantilevers with a horizontal principal axis of symmetry. Bending and shear are considered more generally for other thin-walled sections when the transverse loading axes at the shear centre are not parallel to the section = s centroidal axes of principal second moments of area. The fixing at one end of the cantilever modifies the St Venant free angular twist and the free warping displacement. It is shown from the Wagner-Kappus torsion theory how the end constrained warping generates an axial stress distribution that varies with the length and across the cross-section for an axial torsion applied to the shear centre. It should be mentioned here for wider applications and validation of the Vlasov theory that attendant papers are to consider in detail bending and torsional loadings applied to other axes through each of the centroid and the web centre. Therein, both bending and twisting arise from transverse shear and axial torsion applied to each position being displaced from the shear centre. Here, the influence of the axis position upon the net axial and shear stress distributions is to be established. That is, the net axial stress from axial torsional loading is identified with the sum of axial stress

关键词： Thin Wall Theory Cantilever Beam Open Channel Section Principal Axes Flexure Transverse Shear Torsion Shear Centre Shear Flow Warping Fixed-End Constraint

The Effects of the Longitudinal Axis of Loading upon Bending, Shear and Torsion of a Thin-Walled Cantilever Channel Beam

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World Journal of mechanics 2024年第5期14卷 73-96页

作者： david W. A. Rees Abdelraouf m. Sami Alsheikh College of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge UK

Three aluminium channel sections of US standard extruded dimension are mounted as cantilevers with x-axis symmetry. The flexural bending and shear that arise with applied axial torsion are each considered theoretically and numerically in terms of two longitudinal axes of loading not coincident with the shear centre. In particular, the warping displacements, stiffness and stress distributions are calculated for torsion applied to longitudinal axes passing through the section’s centroid and its web centre. The stress conversions derived from each action are superimposed to reveal a net sectional stress distribution. Therein, the influence of the axis position upon the net axial and shear stress distributions is established compared to previous results for each beam when loading is referred to a flexural axis through the shear centre. Within the net stress analysis is, it is shown how the constraint to free warping presented by the end fixing modifies the axial stress. The latter can be identified with the action of a ‘bimoment’ upon each thin-walled section.

关键词： Thin-Aluminium Channels Cantilever Beam Bending Shear Torsion Warping Bimoment Flexural Axis Centre of Twist Centroid Shear Centre Torsional Stiffness Constrained Stress