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Involvement of eicosanoids in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer: the roles of cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第31期20卷 10729-10739页

作者： Lawrence m Knab Paul J Grippo david J Bentrem Department of Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Jesse Brown VA medical Center

The interplay between inflammation and cancer progression is a growing area of research. A combination of clinical, epidemiological, and basic science investigations indicate that there is a relationship between inflammatory changes in the pancreas and neoplastic progression. Diets high in ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids provide increased substrate for arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) to form eicosanoids. These eicosanoids directly contribute to pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Both COX-2 and 5-LOX are upregulated in multiple cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. In vitro studies using pancreatic cancer cell lines have demonstrated upregulation of COX-2 and 5-LOX at both the mRNA and protein levels. When COX-2 and 5-LOX are blocked via a variety of mechanisms, cancer cell proliferation is abrogated both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of COX-2 has been shown to include effects on apoptosis as well as angiogenesis. 5-LOX has been implicated in apoptosis. The use of COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors in clinical studies in patients with pancreatic cancer has been limited. Patient enrollment has been restricted to those with advanced disease which makes evaluation of these drugs as chemopreventive agents difficult. COX-2 and 5-LOX expression have been shown to be present during the early neoplastic changes of pancreatic cancer, well before progression to invasive disease. This indicates that the ideal role for these interventions is early in the disease process as preventive agents, perhaps in patients with chronic pancreatitis or hereditary pancreatitis.

关键词： Arachidonic acid Eicosanoid Cyclooxygenase-2 5-lipoxygenase Pancreatic cancer Inflammation

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mediterranean Berries as Inhibitors of Lipid Oxidation in Porcine Burger Patties Subjected to Cooking and Chilled Storage

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第11期12卷 1982-1992页

作者： Rui Ganho mario Estévez mónica Armenteros david morcuende Food Science Department ESTMPolytechnic Institute of Leiria Animal Production and Food Science University of ExtremaduraAv.de la Universidad s/n Animal Production and Food Science University of ExtremaduraAv.de la Universidad s/nCáceres 10003Spain

The efifciency of extracts from Arbutus unedo L. （AU）, Crataegus monogyna L. （Cm）, Rosa canina L. （RC）, and Rubus ulmifolius Schott. （RU） to inhibit lipid oxidation in raw, cooked and cooked and chilled （2°C/12 d） porcine burger patties, was investigated. The modiifcation of the fatty acid proifle during processing treatments （cooking and chilling）, the quantitative measurements of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBA-RS）, and lipid-derived volatiles, were used as indicators of lipid oxidation. Polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） gradually decreased during cooking and the subsequent storage of cooked burger patties with this decrease being signiifcantly greater （P〈0.05） in control patties than in those with added berry extracts. In accordance, the control patties showed signiifcantly higher TBA-RS numbers and counts of lipid-derived volatiles in all treatments when compared to the berry-added counterparts （P〈0.05）. Results from the present work show, for the ifrst time, that extracts from A. unedo, C. monogyna, R. canina, and R. ulmifolius are promising antioxidants which could enhance the nutritional, safety and sensory properties of porcine burger patties.

关键词： berries lipid oxidation meat pattiesm TBA-RSm polyunsaturated fatty acids lipid-derived volatiles

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Experimental Investigation of the Creep Behavior of Garnet at High Temperatures and Pressures

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第5期21卷 532-540页

作者： Shenghua mei Ayako m Suzuki david L Kohlstedt 许丽丽 Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Minnesota MN 55455 USA Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

To provide constraints on the rheological properties of garnet, we have experimentally investigated the creep behavior of garnet at high pressures and temperatures using a deformation-DIA. Samples were cold-pressed from a garnet powder and deformed at constant displacement rates ranging from 1.1×10^-5 to 2.6×10^- s^-1 at high temperatures （1 273-1 473 K） and high pressures （2.4-4.1 GPa）. Differential stress and pressure were measured using X-ray diffraction techniques based on the elastic strain of various lattice planes as a function of orientation with respect to the applied stress field. The plastic strain of a deforming sample was monitored in-situ through a series of radiographs. Our results provide a measure of the dependence of creep rate of garnet on the temperature with an activation energy of -280 kJ/mol and on pressure with an activation volume of -10×10^-6 m3/mol. The flow behavior of garnet quantified by this study provides the basis for modeling geodynamic processes occurring within subducted lithosphere.

关键词： garnet creep lithosphere geodynamics high pressure.

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Contributions of neurotropic human herpesviruses herpes simplex virus 1 and human herpesvirus 6 to neurodegenerative disease pathology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第2期13卷 211-221页

作者： Jessica m.Hogestyn david J.mock margot mayer-Proschel Department of Neuroscience University of Rochester Department of Biomedical Genetics University of Rochester

Human herpesviruses （HVs） have developed ingenious mechanisms that enable them to traverse the defenses of the central nervous system （CNS）. The ability of HVs to enter a state of latency, a defining char- acteristic of this viral family, allows them to persist in the human host indefinitely. As such, HVs represent the most frequently detected pathogens in the brain. Under constant immune pressure, these infections are largely asymptomatic in healthy hosts. However, many neurotropic HVs have been directly connected with CNS pathology in the context of other stressors and genetic risk factors. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which neurotropic HVs contribute to neurodegenerative disease （NDD） patholo- gy by highlighting two prominent members of the HV family, herpes simplex virus 1 （HSV-1） and human herpesvirus 6 （HHV-6）. We （i） introduce the infectious pathways and replicative cycles of HSV-1 and HHV-6 and then （ii） review the clinical evidence supporting associations between these viruses and the NDDs Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） and multiple sclerosis （mS）, respectively. We then （iii） highlight and dis- cuss potential mechanisms by which these viruses exert negative effects on neurons and glia. Finally, we （iv） discuss how these viruses could interact with other disease-modifying factors to contribute to the initiation and/or progression of NDDs.

关键词： herpes simplex virus 1 human herpesvirus 6 central nervous system neurodegeneration demyelination Alzheimer's disease multiple sclerosis viral latency viral reactivation

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Asymmetric biotic interchange across the Bering land bridge between Eurasia and North America

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National Science Review 2019年第4期6卷 739-745页

作者： Dechun Jiang Sebastian Klaus Ya-Ping Zhang david m.Hillis Jia-Tang Li CAS Key Laboratory of mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Ecology and Evolution J.W.Goethe University State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Center University of Texas at Austin

The exchange of biotas between Eurasia and North America across the Bering land bridge had a major impact on ecosystems of both continents throughout the Cenozoic. This exchange has received particular attention regarding placental mammals dispersing into the Americas, including humans after the last glacial period, and also as an explanation for the disjunct distribution of related seed plants in eastern Asia and eastern North America. Here, we investigate bi-directional dispersal across the Bering land bridge from estimates of dispersal events based on time-calibrated phylogenies of a broad range of plant, fungus and animal taxa. We reveal a long-lasting phase of asymmetrical biotic interchange, with a peak of dispersal from Asia into North America during the late Oligocene warming(26–24 ma), when dispersal in the opposite direction was greatly decreased. Influx from North America into Asia was lower than in the opposite direction throughout the Cenozoic, but with peak rates of dispersal at the end of the Eocene(40–34 ma)and again in the early to middle miocene(16–14 ma). The strong association between dispersal patterns and environmental changes suggests that plants, fungi and animals have likely dispersed from stable to perturbed environments of North America and Eurasia throughout the Cenozoic.

关键词： multiple taxa biogeography Bering land bridge Cenozoic

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SWEET as Sugar： New Sucrose Effluxers in Plants

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molecular Plant 2012年第4期5卷 766-768页

作者： R. Frank Baker Kristen A. Leach david m. Braun Division of Biological Sciences Interdisciplinary Plant Group Missouri Maize Center University of Missouri 110 Tucker Hall Columbia MO 65211

Photosynthesis leads to the fixation of carbon in leaves and to the accumulation of carbohydrates （e.g., sucrose, starch）. This assimilated carbon must be transported from the leaves （source tissues） to non-photosynthetic organs （sink tissues）, such as roots and seeds. Despite the essentiality of this process in plants, a complete understanding of the actors involved in sucrose export from leaves is lacking. SWEET proteins are a newly identified class of sugar transporters that facilitate dif- fusion of sugars across cell membranes down a concentration gradient. In this perspective, we highlight the recent publica- tion of Chen et al. （2012）, which reports that SWEET proteins transport sucrose across cell membranes, are expressed in a subset of phloem parenchyma cells,

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Distributed sparse bundle adjustment algorithm based on three-dimensional point partition and asynchronous communication

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018年第7期19卷 889-904页

作者： Xiao-long SHEN Yong DOU Steven mILLS david m EYERS Huan FENG Zhiyi HUANG College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory National University of Defense Technology Department of Computer Science University of Otago Department of Computer Science Tsinghua University

Sparse bundle adjustment(SBA) is a key but time-and memory-consuming step in three-dimensional(3 D) reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a 3 D point-based distributed SBA algorithm(DSBA) to improve the speed and scalability of SBA. The algorithm uses an asynchronously distributed sparse bundle adjustment(A-DSBA)to overlap data communication with equation computation. Compared with the synchronous DSBA mechanism(SDSBA), A-DSBA reduces the running time by 46%. The experimental results on several 3 D reconstruction datasets reveal that our distributed algorithm running on eight nodes is up to five times faster than that of the stand-alone parallel SBA. Furthermore, the speedup of the proposed algorithm(running on eight nodes with 48 cores) is up to41 times that of the serial SBA(running on a single node).

关键词： Sparse bundle adjustment Parallel Distributed sparse bundle adjustment Three-dimensional reconstruction Asynchronous

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Characterization and catalytic behavior of EDTA modified silica nanosprings (NS)-supported cobalt catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch CO-hydrogenation

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燃料化学学报 2018年第8期46卷 957-966页

作者： Abdulbaset m.Alayat Elena Echeverria david N.mcllroy Armando G.mcDonald Environmental Science University of IdahoMoscowID83844-3006United States Renewable materials Program Department of Forest Rangeland and Fire Sciences University of IdahoMoscow ID 83844-1133 United States Department of Physics Oklahoma S

The effect of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA) modification on the physico-chemical properties and catalytic performance of silica nanosprings(NS) supported cobalt(Co) catalyst was investigated in the conversion of syngas(H^(2+) CO) to hydrocarbons by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS). The unmodified Co/NS and modified Co/NS-EDTA catalysts were synthesized via an impregnation method. The prepared Co/NS and Co/NS-EDTA catalysts were characterized before the FTS reaction by BET surface area,X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEm),temperature programmed reduction(TPR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),differential thermal analysis(DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) in order to find correlations between physico-chemical properties of catalysts and catalytic performance. FTS was carried out in a quartz fixedbed microreactor(H_2/CO of 2 ∶1,230 ℃ and atmospheric pressure) and the products trapped and analyzed by GC-TCD and GC-mS to determine CO conversion and reaction selectivity. The experimental results indicated that the modified Co/NS-EDTA catalyst displayed a more-dispersed phase of Co_3O_4 nanoparticles(10.9%) and the Co_3O_4 average crystallite size was about 12.4 nm. The EDTA modified catalyst showed relatively higher CO conversion(70.3%) and selectivity toward C_(6-18)(JP-8,Jet A and diesel) than the Co/NS catalyst(C_(6-14))(JP-4).

关键词：化学分析煤矿燃烧

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Blood pressure gradients in cerebral arteries:a clue to pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2017年第3期2卷 108-117页

作者： Pablo J Blanco Lucas O müller J david Spence National Laboratory for Scientific Computing PetrópolisBrazil National Institute of Science and Technology in medicine Assisted by Scientific Computing INCT-MACCPetrópolisBrazil Stroke Prevention&Atherosclerosis Research Centre Robarts Research InstituteWestern UniversityLondon

rationale The role of hypertension in cerebral small vessel disease is poorly *** the base of the brain(the‘vascular centrencephalon’),short straight arteries transmit blood pressure directly to small resistance vessels;the cerebral convexity is supplied by long arteries with many branches,resulting in a drop in blood *** small vessel disease(lipohyalinosis)causes the classically described lacunar infarctions at the base of the brain;however,periventricular white matter intensities(WmIs)seen on mRI and WmI in subcortical areas over the convexity,which are often also called‘lacunes’,probably have different *** We studied pressure gradients from proximal to distal regions of the cerebral vasculature by mathematical *** and results Blood flow/pressure equations were solved in an Anatomically Detailed Arterial Network(ADAN)model,considering a normotensive and a hypertensive *** parameters were suitably modified to account for structural changes in arterial vessels in the hypertensive *** predict a marked drop in blood pressure from large and medium-sized cerebral vessels to cerebral peripheral *** blood pressure in the brachial artery is 192/113 mm Hg,the pressure in the small arterioles of the posterior parietal artery bed would be only 117/68 mm *** the normotensive case,with blood pressure in the brachial artery of 117/75 mm Hg,the pressure in small parietal arterioles would be only 59/38 mm *** These findings have important implications for understanding small vessel *** marked pressure gradient across cerebral arteries should be taken into account when evaluating the pathogenesis of small WmIs on *** small vessel disease,affecting the arterioles at the base of the brain should be distinguished from small vessel disease in subcortical regions of the convexity and venous disease in the periventricular white matter.

关键词： cerebral Blood pathogenesis

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Profitability analysis of a femtosecond laser system for cataract surgery using a fuzzy logic approach

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第7期9卷 1046-1050页

作者： Jose Antonio Trigueros david P Pinero mahmoud m Ismail Department of Financial Economic and Accounting Miguel Hernandez University Elche 03202 Alicante Spain Department of Optics Pharmacology and AnatomyUniversity of Alicante Crta San Vicente del RaspeigAlicante 03690 Spain Al-Azhar University Cairo 11651 Egypt

AIm：To define the financial and management conditions required to introduce a femtosecond laser system for cataract surgery in a clinic using a fuzzy logic ***：In the simulation performed in the current study,the costs associated to the acquisition and use of a commercially available femtosecond laser platform for cataract surgery（VICTUS,TECHNOLAS Perfect Vision GmbH,Bausch ＆ Lomb,munich,Germany） during a period of 5y were considered.A sensitivity analysis was performed considering such costs and the countable amortization of the system during this 5y ***,a fuzzy logic analysis was used to obtain an estimation of the money income associated to each femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery（G）. RESULTS：According to the sensitivity analysis,the femtosecond laser system under evaluation can be profitable if 1400 cataract surgeries are performed per year and if each surgery can be invoiced more than $*** contrast,the fuzzy logic analysis confirmed that the patient had to pay more per surgery,between $661.8 and $667.4 per surgery,without considering the cost of the intraocular lens（IOL）.CONCLUSION：A profitability of femtosecond laser systems for cataract surgery can be obtained after a detailed financial analysis,especially in those centers with large volumes of *** cost of the surgery for patients should be adapted to the real flow of patients with the ability of paying a reasonable range of cost.

关键词： cataract surgery femtosecond laser fuzzy logic femto-cataract victus profitability analysis

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