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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第11期12卷 891-898页

作者： mohammad m Alzahrani Saad m Alqahtani david Pichora Ryan Bicknell Department of Orthopaedics Imam Adulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamKSA 34212Saudi Arabia Department of Orthopaedics Queens UniversityKingston K7L 3N6Canada

BACKGROUND Work-related injuries have gained recent attention,especially in the orthopaedic *** upper extremity orthopaedic surgical tasks require repetitive and constant maneuvers,these surgeons can be at increased risk of acquiring workrelated musculoskeletal(mSK)disorders during their years in *** To assess the prevalence,characteristics and impact of mSK disorders among upper extremity orthopaedic *** A modified version of the physical discomfort survey was sent to surgeons who were members of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and the Canadian shoulder and elbow society via *** collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics,one-way analysis of variance,and Fisher's exact test.P values ofmales and the majority were younger than 55 years old(65.5%).A work-related mSK injury was reported by 89.4% of respondents,of which the most common diagnoses were low back pain(26.1%)and lateral elbow epicondylitis(18.3%).Among those that reported an injury,82.7%required treatment and 26% required time off work as a direct result of their *** need to undergo treatment due to the injury was associated with increased number of injuries(Pmoreover,surgeons were more likely to require time off work when they had been in practice for>21 years(PmSK injuries,with more than one quarter of surgeons reported requiring time off work due to an mSK *** high incidence of these disorders may place a financial and psychological burden on surgeons and affect their ability to provide patient *** of operative ergonomics,irrespective of surgical specialty may help to decrease or possibly prevent the occurrence of these disorders.

关键词： Upper Extremity Surgeon Prevalence musculoskeletal Disorders

Prevalence and factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among hand surgeons

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第5期13卷 465-471页

作者： Saad m Alqahtani mohammad m Alzahrani Ryan Bicknell david Pichora Department of Orthopaedics Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammam 34212Saudi Arabia Department of Orthopaedics Queens UniversityKingston K7L 3N6OntarioCanada

BACKGROUND The nature of tasks required by hand surgeons require both forceful and repetitive maneuvers,thus subjecting these surgeons to the risk of musculoskeletal(mSK)injuries during their years in *** To assess the prevalence,characteristics and impact of mSK disorders among hand *** A modified version of the physical discomfort survey was sent to surgeons who were members of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand via *** collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics,one-way analysis of variance,and Fisher’s exact test.P values ofmSK injury,of which the most common diagnoses were lateral elbow epicondylitis(18.7%),low back pain(17.1%)and carpal tunnel syndrome(15.6%).Among those that reported an injury,73.1%required treatment and 29.2%needed time off work as a direct result of their *** number of work-related injuries incurred by a surgeon increased significantly with increasing age(PmSK injuries sustained by Hand surgeons with a high *** results should increase awareness on this aspect and fuel future studies directed at preventing these types of work-related injuries,thus minimizing the financial and psychological burden on these surgeons and the healthcare system.

关键词： Hand Surgeon Prevalence musculoskeletal disorders Occupational injuries

Stem cell treatment improves post stroke neurological outcomes:a comparative study in male and female rats

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第4期6卷 519-527,I0005-I0010页

作者： Koteswara Rao Nalamolu Bharath Chelluboina Casimir A Fornal Siva Reddy Challa david m Pinson david Z Wang Jeffrey D Klopfenstein Krishna Kumar Veeravalli Cancer Biology and Pharmacology College of MedicineUniversity of IllinoisPeoriaIllinoisUSA Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences California Health Sciences UniversityClovisCaliforniaUSA Neurological Surgery University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA Health Sciences Education College of MedicineUniversity of IllinoisPeoriaIllinoisUSA Neurology College of MedicineUniversity of IllinoisPeoriaIllinoisUSA Neurology Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA Neurosurgery College of MedicineUniversity of IllinoisPeoriaIllinoisUSA OSF HealthCare Illinois Neurological Institute PeoriaIllinoisUSA Pediatrics College of MedicineUniversity of IllinoisPeoriaIllinoisUSA

Background and purpose The therapeutic potential of different stem cells for ischaemic stroke treatment is intriguing and somewhat *** results from our laboratory have demonstrated the potential benefits of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells(mSC)in a rodent stroke *** hypothesised that mSC treatment would effectively promote the recovery of sensory and motor function in both males and females,despite any apparent sex differences in post stroke brain *** Transient focal cerebral ischaemia was induced in adult Sprague-Dawley rats by occlusion of the middle cerebral *** the procedure,male and female rats of the untreated group were euthanised 1 day after reperfusion and their brains were used to estimate the resulting infarct volume and tissue *** groups of stroke-induced male and female rats were treated with mSC or vehicle and were subsequently subjected to a battery of standard neurological/neurobehavioral tests(modified Neurological Severity Score assessment,adhesive tape removal,beam walk and rotarod).The tests were administered at regular intervals(at days 1,3,5,7 and 14)after reperfusion to determine the time course of neurological and functional recovery after *** The infarct volume and extent of swelling of the ischaemic brain were similar in males and *** similar pathological stroke lesions,the clinical manifestations of stroke were more pronounced in males than females,as indicated by the neurological scores and other *** treatment significantly improved the recovery of sensory and motor function in both sexes,and it demonstrated efficacy in both moderate stroke(females)and severe stroke(males).Conclusions Despite sex differences in the severity of post stroke outcomes,mSC treatment promoted the recovery of sensory and motor function in male and female rats,suggesting that it may be a promising treatment for stroke.

关键词： neurological female rats

The genetic architecture of autism spectrum disorders(ASDs) and the potential importance of common regulatory genetic variants

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第10期58卷 968-975页

作者： david SAFFEN Institutes of Brain Science Fudan University

Currently, there is great interest in identifying genetic variants that contribute to the risk of developing autism spectrum disor- ders （ASDs）, due in part to recent increases in the frequency of diagnosis of these disorders worldwide. While there is nearly universal agreement that ASDs are complex diseases, with multiple genetic and environmental contributing factors, there is less agreement concerning the relative importance of common vs rare genetic variants in ASD liability. Recent observations that rare mutations and copy number variants （CNVs） are frequently associated with ASDs, combined with reduced fecundity of individuals with these disorders, has led to the hypothesis that ASDs are caused primarily by de novo or rare genetic muta- tions. Based on this model, large-scale whole-genome DNA sequencing has been proposed as the most appropriate method for discovering ASD liability genes. While this approach will undoubtedly identity many novel candidate genes and produce important new insights concerning the genetic causes of these disorders, a full accounting of the genetics of ASDs will be incomplete absent an understanding of the contributions of common regulatory variants, which are likely to influence ASD liability by modifying the effects of rare variants or, by assuming unfavorable combinations, directly produce these disorders. Because it is not yet possible to identify regulatory genetic variants by examination of DNA sequences alone, their identitication will require experimentation. In this essay, I discuss these issues and describe the advantages of measurements of allelic expression imbalance （AEI） of mRNA expression for identifying cis-acting regulatory variants that contribute to ASDs.

关键词： common-disease-common-variant model common-disease-rare-variant model copy number variant (CNV) aUelic expression imbalance (AEI)

Infrared chemical imaging through non-degenerate two-photon absorption in silicon-based cameras

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 813-822页

作者： david Knez Adam m.Hanninen Richard C.Prince Eric O.Potma Dmitry A.Fishman Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA

Chemical imaging based on mid-infrared(mIR)spectroscopic contrast is an important technique with a myriad of applications,including biomedical imaging and environmental *** mIR cameras,however,lack performance and are much less affordable than mature Si-based devices,which operate in the visible and nearinfrared ***,we demonstrate fast mIR chemical imaging through non-degenerate two-photon absorption(NTA)in a standard Si-based charge-coupled device(CCD).We show that wide-field mIR images can be obtained at 100 ms exposure times using picosecond pulse energies of only a few femtojoules per pixel through NTA directly on the CCD *** this on-chip approach does not rely on phase matching,it is alignment-free and does not necessitate complex postprocessing of the *** emphasize the utility of this technique through chemically selective mIR imaging of polymers and biological samples,including mIR videos of moving targets,physical processes and live nematodes.

关键词： absorption Infrared chemical

Enhanced stabilization of inorganic cesium lead triiodide （CsPbl3） perovskite quantum dots with tri-octylphosphine

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Nano Research 2018年第2期11卷 762-768页

作者： Lu, Chang Li, Hui Kolodziejski, Kathy Dun, Chaochao Huang, Wenxiao Carroll, david Geyer, Scott m. Department of Chemistry Wake Forest University Winston-Salem USA Center for Nanotechnology and molecular materials Department of Physics Wake Forest University Winston-Salem USA

In recent years, significant attention has been paid to perovskite materials. In particular, lead triiodide-based perovskites have exhibited superb optoelectronic properties. Enhancing the stability of these materials is an essential step towards large-scale applications. In this stud） by simply adding trioctylphosphine （TOP） as part of the post-synthesis treatment, we significantly enhance the stability of CsPbI3 quantum dots （QDs） in the solution phase, which otherwise decay rapidly in hours. For CsPbI3 QDs treated with TOP, the absorption and photoluminescence emission properties are unchanged over the course of weeks, and the quantum yield remains almost constant at 30% even after 1 month. The morphologies of both treated and untreated QDs are initially cubic; however, the treated QDs largely maintain their initial size and shape, while the untreated ones lose size uniformity, which is a sign of degradation. Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the presence of P in the TOP-treated QDs. We hope that the technique of utilizing a ligand post-treatment will lead to new insights that help to resolve the intrinsic instability issue of triiodide perovskite materials and devices.

关键词： perovskite quantum dots ligand chemistry phase stabilization

Brains for Dementia Research: The Importance of Cohorts in Brain Banking

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2019年第2期35卷 289-294页

作者： Paul T.Francis Gillian m.Hayes Helen Costello david R.Whitfield Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases King's College London

Background:The Historical Importance of Studies of Human Brain in Dementia Research The collection of brain and related tissue has a long history(1)In terms of dementia,a more systematic examination of the relationship between brain pathology and clinical symptoms can be traced to Alois Alzheimer’s group in munich in the early 1900s(2)The use of human brain tissue is essential to increase our understanding of dementia as it gives us the gold standard of disease pathogenesis and clues as to the molecular mechanisms that underpin the various diseases and conditions.

关键词： Importance of Cohorts Dementia Research mechanisms

Transcriptome Analysis of Arabidopsis Wild-Type and gl3-sst sim Trichomes Identifies Four Additional Genes Required for Trichome Development

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molecular Plant 2009年第4期2卷 803-822页

作者： m. david marks Jonathan R Wenger Edward Gilding Ross Jilk Richard A. Dixon Department of Plant Biology University of Minnesota St Paul MN 551108 USA Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-River Falls River Falls Wl 54022 USA Plant Biology Division Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Ardmore OK 73401 USA

Transcriptome analyses have been performed on mature trichomes isolated from wild-type Arabidopsis leaves and on leaf trichomes isolated from the g13-sst sim double mutant, which exhibit many attributes of immature trichomes. The mature trichome profile contained many highly expressed genes involved in cell wall synthesis, protein turnover, and abiotic stress response. The most highly expressed genes in the g13-sst sim profile encoded ribosomal proteins and other proteins involved in translation. Comparative analyses showed that all but one of the genes encoding transcription factors previously found to be important for trichome formation, and many other trichome-important genes, were preferentially expressed in gl3-sst sim trichomes. The analysis of genes preferentially expressed in gl3-sst sim led to the identification of four additional genes required for normal trichome development. One of these was the HDG2 gene, which is a member of the HD-ZIP IV transcription factor gene family. mutations in this gene did not alter trichome expansion, but did alter mature trichome cell walls. mutations in BIT resulted in a loss of trichome branch formation. The relationship between bit and the phenotypically identical mutant, sti, was explored. mutations in PEL3, which was previously shown to be required for development of the leaf cuticle, resulted in the occasional tangling of expanding trichomes. mutations in another gene encoding a protein with an unknown function altered trichome branch formation.

关键词： Cell wall cell differentiation homeodomain wax trichome

Hepatitis B and C infection and liver disease trends among human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第14期17卷 1807-1816页

作者： Susan E Buskin Elizabeth A Barash John D Scott david m Aboulafia Robert W Wood Public Health-Seattle and King County WA 98104United States University of Washington SeattleWA 98195United States Harborview medical Center SeattleWA 98104United States Virginia mason medical Center SeattleWA 98101United States

AIm:To examine trends in and correlates of liver disease and viral hepatitis in an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cohort. mETHODS:The multi-site adult/adolescent spectrum of HIV-related diseases (ASD) followed 29 490 HIVinfected individuals receiving medical care in 11 U.S. metropolitan areas for an average of 2.4 years,and a total of 69 487 person-years,between 1998 and 2004. ASD collected data on the presentation,treatment,and outcomes of HIV,including liver disease,hepatitis screening,and hepatitis diagnoses. RESULTS:Incident liver disease,chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV),and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were diagnosed in 0.9,1.8,and 4.7 per 100 person-years. HBV and HCV screening increased from fewer than 20% to over 60% during this period of observation (P mong individuals with a diagnosis of liver disease. Despite care guidelines promoting screening and vaccination for HBV and screening for HCV,screening and vaccination were not universally conducted or,if conducted,not documented. CONCLUSION:Due to high rates of incident liver disease,viral hepatitis screening,vaccination,and treatment among HIV-infected individuals should be a priority.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Liver disease