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The role of N-glycosylation in cancer

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Acta Pharm.ceutica Sinica B 2024年第3期14卷 1098-1110页

作者： Yu Lin david m.Lubm.n Departm.nt of Surgery University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Despite advances in understanding the developm.nt and progression of cancer in recent years,there rem.ins a lack of com.rehensive characterization of the cancer *** play an im.ortant role in m.dicine and are involved in various hum.n disease conditions including ***-m.ieties participate in fundam.ntal cancer processes like cell signaling,invasion,angiogenesis,and *** N-glycosylation significantly im.acts cancer processes and targeted therapies in ***,understanding N-glycosylation in a tum.r is essential for com.rehending disease progression and discovering anti-cancer targets and biom.rkers for therapy m.nitoring and *** review presents the fundam.ntal process of protein N-glycosylation and sum.arizes glycosylation changes in tum.r cells,including increased term.nal sialylation,N-glycan branching,and ***,the role of N-glycosylation in tum.r signaling pathways,m.gration,and m.tabolism.are *** and glycopeptides as potential biom.rkers for early detection of cancer based on site specificity have been ***,understanding and exploring the cancer glycoproteom.,along with its role in m.dicine,im.lication in cancer and other hum.n diseases,highlights the significance of N-glycosylation in tum.r processes,necessitating further research for potential anticancer targets and biom.rkers.

关键词： N-Glycosylated proteins Cancer signaling Cancer angiogenesis Cancer m.tabolism Cancer biom.rkers

Evaluation of hand infections in the em.rgency departm.nt using point-of-care ultrasound

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World Journal of Em.rgency m.dicine 2024年第4期15卷 283-288页

作者： david Ahm.d Haidar david m.ntz Brandon m.Wubben Om.r Rizvi Srikar Adhikari Departm.nt of Em.rgency m.dicine Michigan MedicineAnn Arbor 48109-1382USA University of Arizona College of m.dicine Tucson 85724USA Departm.nt of Em.rgency m.dicine University of IowaIowa City 52242-1009USA Departm.nt of Surgery University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson 85724USA Departm.nt of Em.rgency m.dicine University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson 85724USA

BACKGROUND:We aim.d to evaluate the utility of point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)in the assessm.nt of hand infections that present to the em.rgency departm.nt(ED)and its im.act on m.dical decision m.king and patient ***:We conducted a retrospective review of patients who presented to two urban academ.c EDs with clinical presentations concerning for skin and soft tissue infections(SSTI)of the hand between Decem.er 2015 and Decem.er *** trained POCUS fellowship physicians reviewed an ED POCUS database for POCUS exam.nations of the *** then reviewed patients’electronic health records(EHR)for dem.graphic characteristics,history,physical exam.nation findings,ED course,additional im.ging studies,consultations,im.act of POCUS on patient care and final ***:We included a total of 50 cases(28 m.le,22 fem.le)in the final *** m.st com.on presenting sym.tom. and exam.findings were pain(100%),swelling(90%),and erythem.(74%).The m.st com.on sonographic findings were edem.(76%),soft tissue swelling(78%),and fluid surrounding the tendon(57%).POCUS was used in m.dical decision m.king 68%of the tim.(n=34),with the use of POCUS leading to changes in m.nagem.nt 38%of the tim.(n=19).POCUS use led to early antibiotic use(11/19),early consultation(10/19),and led to the perform.nce of a required procedure(8/19).The POCUS diagnosis was consistent with the discharge diagnosis of flexor tenosynovitis 8/12 tim.s,abscess 12/16 tim.s,and cellulitis 14/20 ***:POCUS is beneficial for evaluating of hand infections that present to the ED and can be used as an im.ortant part of m.dical decision m.king to expedite patient care.

关键词： Ultrasound Point-of-care ultrasound Cellulitis Abscess Flexor tenosynovitis

m.tochondrial recruitm.nt in m.elin:an anchor for m.elin dynam.cs and plasticity?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1401-1402页

作者： Jean-david m.Gothié Tim.thy E.Kennedy Departm.nt of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada

Optim.l propagation of neuronal electrical im.ulses depends on the insulation of axons by m.elin,produced in the central nervous system.by *** is an extension of the oligodendrocyte plasm. m.m.rane,which wraps around an axon to form.a com.act m.lti-layered *** is com.osed of a substantially higher proportion of lipids com.ared to other biological m.m.ranes and enriched in a sm.ll num.er of specialized proteins.

关键词： plasticity insulation dynam.cs

Glyphosate Exposure Associated with Hum.n Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Scoping Review

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2024年第7期14卷 187-209页

作者： Hannah Hutchins david m. Com.ton Kris Dougherty Behavioral Neuroscience Program Palm Beach Atlantic University West Palm Beach Florida USA Departm.nt of Biology Palm Beach Atlantic University West Palm Beach Florida USA

Chem.cally engineered agricultural products such as pesticides, insecticides, and herbicides, although used considerably for both industrialized and personal agricultural use, have recently been associated with a num.er of serious hum.n health disorders. This rapid literature review aim. to accum.late and analyze research from.the last ten years, focusing specifically on the effects of exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide products such as Roundup as associated with the form.tion of various neurological disorders. Specifically, this review focuses on laboratory research using anim.l m.dels or hum.n cell cultures as well as hum.n population-based epidem.ological studies. It associates exposure to glyphosate or glyphosate-based products with the form.tion or exacerbation of neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheim.r’s disease, seizures, and autism.spectrum.disorder. In addition, it exam.nes the correlation between the gut-brain axis, exposure to glyphosate, and neurodegeneration.

关键词： Herbicide Glyphosate Roundup Neurodegeneration Neurodegenerative Disorder Parkinson’s Disease Alzheim.r’s Disease Seizures Autism.Spectrum.Disorder Gut-Brain Axis

Water Quality of Selected Fishing Beaches of Lake Victoria Kenyan Gulf

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Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第1期10卷 22-35页

作者： Paul S. Orina david m. onyango Henry Lungayia Andrew Oduor Anthony W. Sifuna Petronila Otuya Rosem.ry A. Owigar Chrispin B. Kowenje Sheban m. Hinzano Kegati Aquaculture Centre Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute Kisii Kenya Departm.nt of Zoology School of Physical and Biological Sciences Maseno University Maseno Kenya Departm.nt of Biological Sciences School of Biological and Physical Sciences Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology Kakamega Kenya Departm.nt of Social Sciences School of Health Sciences St. Paul’s University Limuru Kenya Departm.nt of Geography School of Environmental Sciences Maseno University Maseno Kenya

Lake Victoria the second largest fresh water body in the world located in East Africa is a shared resource between Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda and enjoys a wide range of stream. and rivers from.as far as Burundi and Rwanda. The lake has environm.ntally undergone physical, chem.cal and biological changes in the last four decades, particularly rise in its trophic condition and decline in oxygen level, which affects the water quality and fish population dynam.cs. This study therefore set out to determ.ne the quality of water in selected fishing beaches of Lake Victoria, Kenya with a view to report the possible pollution levels. pH was highest at Nyam.sari and Kotieno (9.3 ± 0.1) and lowest at Nyachebe and Kichinjio (7.08 ± 0.1) whereas tem.erature was highest at Nyam.sari (29.5°C ± 0.0°C) and lowest at Kichinjio (23.4°C ± 0.2°C). DO was highest at Kotieno (10.3 ± 0.2 m.L) and lowest at Seka (2.4 ± 0.1 m.L). Turbidity was highest at Uyoga (125.5 ± 0.90 NTU) and lowest at Osieko (2.7 ± 0.1 NTU). Am.oniacal nitrogen was highest at Dunga (1278.3 ± 0.8 μ∙gl-1) and lowest at Nyam.sari (12.4 ± 0.8), all a factor of hum.n activities, lake substratum.and effluents from.rivers and surface runoff. All param.ters assessed showed significant differences across sam.ling sites and depth except pH which did not vary significantly with distance from.lakeshore. Further, all param.ters did not show a clear pattern with respect to distance from.the lakeshore possibly due to adequate m.xing in the gulf. There is a need for further water quality m.nitoring by seasons to inform.policy decisions towards sustainable lake exploitation.

关键词： Water Quality Pollution Hum.n Activities Sam.ling Sites Lakeshore

Synthetic polym.rs:A review of applications in drilling fluids

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Petroleum.Science 2024年第1期21卷 475-518页

作者： Shadfar Davoodi m.ham.ed Al-Shargabi david A.Wood Valeriy S.Rukavishnikov Konstantin m.m.naev School of Earth Sciences&Engineering Tomsk Polytechnic UniversityLenin AvenueTomskRussia DWA Energy Lim.ted LincolnUnited Kingdom

With the growth of deep drilling and the com.lexity of the well profile,the requirem.nts for a m.re com.lete and efficient exploitation of productive form.tions increase,which increases the risk of various ***,reagents based on m.dified natural polym.rs(which are naturally occurring com.ounds)and synthetic polym.rs(SPs)which are polym.ric com.ounds created industrially,are widely used to prevent em.rging com.lications in the drilling ***,com.ared to m.dified natural polym.rs,SPs form.a fam.ly of high-m.lecular-weight com.ounds that are fully synthesized by undergoing chem.cal polym.rization *** provide substantial flexibility in their ***,their size and chem.cal com.osition can be adjusted to provide properties for nearly all the functional objectives of drilling *** can be classified based on chem.cal ingredients,type of reaction,and their responses to ***,som. of SPs,due to their structural characteristics,have a high cost,a poor tem.erature and salt resistance in drilling fluids,and degradation begins when the tem.erature reaches 130℃.These drawbacks prevent SP use in som. m.dium.and deep ***,this review addresses the historical developm.nt,the characteristics,m.nufacturing m.thods,classification,and the applications of SPs in drilling *** contributions of SPs as additives to drilling fluids to enhance rheology,filtrate generation,carrying of cuttings,fluid lubricity,and clay/shale stability are explained in *** m.chanism.,im.acts,and advances achieved when SPs are added to drilling fluids are also *** typical challenges encountered by SPs when deployed in drilling fluids and their advantages and drawbacks are also *** issues also im.act the applications of SPs in drilling ***,the cost of the m.st relevant SPs,and the m.nom.rs used in their synthesis,are *** im.acts of SPs when deployed in drilling fluids,and t

关键词： Synthetic versus natural polym.rs Nanopolym.rs Drilling fluid additives Lubricity Clay swelling Hole cleaning

Late Ordovician m.ss Extinction: Earth, fire and ice

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 51-65页

作者： david A.T.Harper Palaeoecosystem. Group Department of Earth SciencesDurham University

The Late Ordovician m.ss Extinction was the earliest of the ‘big’ five extinction events and the earliest to affect the trajectory of m.tazoan life. Two phases have been identified near the start of the Hirnantian period and in the m.ddle. It was a m.ssive taxonom.c extinction, a weak phylogenetic extinction and a relatively benign ecological extinction. A rapid cooling, triggering a m.jor ice age that reduced the tem.erature of surface waters, prom.ted a drop in sea level of som. 100 m.and introduced toxic bottom.waters onto the shelves. These sym.tom. of m.re fundam.ntal planetary processes have been associated with a range of factors with an underlying driver identified as volcanicity. Volcanic eruptions, and other products, m.y have extended back in tim. to at least the Sandbian and early Katian, suggesting the extinctions were m.re protracted and influential than hitherto docum.nted.

关键词： Ordovician LOm. paleoecology palaeobiogeography biotas

The Effects of the Longitudinal Axis of Loading upon Bending, Shear and Torsion of a Thin-Walled Cantilever Channel Beam

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World Journal of m.chanics 2024年第5期14卷 73-96页

作者： david W. A. Rees Abdelraouf m. Sam. Alsheikh College of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge UK

Three alum.nium.channel sections of US standard extruded dim.nsion are m.unted as cantilevers with x-axis sym.etry. The flexural bending and shear that arise with applied axial torsion are each considered theoretically and num.rically in term. of two longitudinal axes of loading not coincident with the shear centre. In particular, the warping displacem.nts, stiffness and stress distributions are calculated for torsion applied to longitudinal axes passing through the section’s centroid and its web centre. The stress conversions derived from.each action are superim.osed to reveal a net sectional stress distribution. Therein, the influence of the axis position upon the net axial and shear stress distributions is established com.ared to previous results for each beam.when loading is referred to a flexural axis through the shear centre. Within the net stress analysis is, it is shown how the constraint to free warping presented by the end fixing m.difies the axial stress. The latter can be identified with the action of a ‘bim.m.nt’ upon each thin-walled section.

关键词： Thin-Alum.nium.Channels Cantilever Beam Bending Shear Torsion Warping Bim.m.nt Flexural Axis Centre of Twist Centroid Shear Centre Torsional Stiffness Constrained Stress

Theory of Flexural Shear, Bending and Torsion for a Thin-Walled Beam.of Open Section

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World Journal of m.chanics 2024年第3期14卷 23-53页

作者： david W. A. Rees Abdelraouf m. Sam. Alsheikh College of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge UK

Aspects of the general Vlasov theory are exam.ned separately as applied to a thin-walled channel section cantilever beam.under free-end end loading. In particular, the flexural bending and shear that arise under transverse shear and axial torsional loading are each considered theoretically. These analyses involve the location of the shear centre at which transverse shear forces when applied do not produce torsion. This centre, when taken to be coincident with the centre of twist im.lies an equivalent reciprocal behaviour. That is, an axial torsion applied concentric with the shear centre will twist but not bend the beam. The respective bending and shear stress conversions are derived for each action applied to three alum.nium.alloy extruded channel sections m.unted as cantilevers with a horizontal principal axis of sym.etry. Bending and shear are considered m.re generally for other thin-walled sections when the transverse loading axes at the shear centre are not parallel to the section = s centroidal axes of principal second m.m.nts of area. The fixing at one end of the cantilever m.difies the St Venant free angular twist and the free warping displacem.nt. It is shown from.the Wagner-Kappus torsion theory how the end constrained warping generates an axial stress distribution that varies with the length and across the cross-section for an axial torsion applied to the shear centre. It should be m.ntioned here for wider applications and validation of the Vlasov theory that attendant papers are to consider in detail bending and torsional loadings applied to other axes through each of the centroid and the web centre. Therein, both bending and twisting arise from.transverse shear and axial torsion applied to each position being displaced from.the shear centre. Here, the influence of the axis position upon the net axial and shear stress distributions is to be established. That is, the net axial stress from.axial torsional loading is identified with the sum.of axial stress

关键词： Thin Wall Theory Cantilever Beam Open Channel Section Principal Axes Flexure Transverse Shear Torsion Shear Centre Shear Flow Warping Fixed-End Constraint