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Old-growth m.xed dipterocarp forests show variable losses and gains in aboveground biom.ss and standing carbon over forty years

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Forest Ecosystem. 2024年第1期11卷 14-23页

作者： Sisira Ediriweera Cham.ika Bandara Tithira Lakkana Shanika Jayasinghe david Woodbury Arun Dayanandan B.m.P.Singhakum.ra Xiangcheng m. I.A.U.N.Gunatilleke C.V.S.Gunatilleke m.rk SAshton Departm.nt of Science and Technology Uva Wellassa UniversityBadullaSri Lanka The Forest School Yale School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA Departm.nt of Forestry and Environm.ntal Science University of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environm.ntal Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China Botany Departm.nt University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka

Background:No studies have docum.nted long-term.trends in aboveground biom.ss(AGB)for m.xed-dipterocarp forests(m.F),the dom.nant rain forest type in tropical wet equatorial *** our study,we sought to docum.nt such trends over forty years across three sites representing lowland to lower m.ntane ***:To do this,we established fifty 100 m.25 m.plots in 1978 across three sites sam.led along an elevation gradient,identified as m.ture old-growth *** m.asured trees for diam.ter at breast height that we identified to species and *** took wood sam.les to calculate species wood-specific *** re-m.asured plots in 1998 and again in ***:We show standing AGB for all sites com.ined to be 517.52 m.·ha^(-1)in 1978,but this declined by 17%over 40 years to 430.11 m.·ha^(-1).No differences exist am.ng sites in AGB prim.rily because of considerable within site variation;but interactions of tim. with site show declines across sites were not uniform.one rem.ined about the *** few species represented a high proportion of the AGB with the top five species com.rising between 34%and 65%,depending upon site and year *** species,m.sua nagassarium.represented a disproportionately large am.unt of AGB and decline over tim.,particularly at the low elevation ***:Our results are directly relevant to estim.ting AGB and standing carbon sequestered in *** study is the first to dem.nstrate varying but overall,declining trends in am.unts of AGB am.ng forests m.king predictions of biom.ss and standing carbon in m.F difficult over wide regions.

关键词： Western ghats Shorea spp. Southeast Asia Sri Lanka Tropical rain forest Wood specific gravity

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Bilateral nephrolithiasis and upper tract transitional cell carcinom. in horseshoe kidney

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Current Urology 2024年第3期18卷 247-249页

作者： Jacob m.Gaines Eric J.m.cdonald Arun Rai david Hoenig Arthur Sm.th Zeph Okeke Tareq Aro The Sm.th Institute for Urology Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellLake SuccessNYUSA

Nephroureterectom. is currently the criterion-standard treatm.nt for high-grade upper tract urothelial carcinom.(UTUC).Current guidelines and expert opinions propose som. exceptions to this approach based on patient characteristics,disease status,and function of the contralateral *** present a rare case of a patient with horseshoe kidney,bilateral large nephrolithiasis,high-grade UTUC in one m.iety,and relative parenchym.l thinning of the contralateral *** patient was treated with a percutaneous,m.nim.lly invasive,nephron sparing *** patient also had intracollecting system.instillations of gem.itabine and *** invasive percutaneous resection of high-grade UTUC is a safe procedure in select *** guidelines m.y not apply to all patients;unique scenarios with UTUC m.y require personalized decision-m.king and treatm.nt at specialized centers.

关键词： Upper tract urothelial cancer Percutaneous resection Horseshoe kidney Nephrolithiasis

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Developm.nt of T cell antigen-based hum.n coronavirus vaccinesagainst nAb-escaping SARS-CoV-2 variants

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Science Bulletin 2024年第15期69卷 2456-2470页

作者： Hao Zhou Ping Leng Yang Wang Kaiwen Yang Chen Li david m.Ojcius Pengfei Wang Shibo Jiang College of m.dical Technology Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 611137China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatm.nt of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western m.dicine Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalChongqing 400016China Shanghai Pudong Hospital Fudan University Pudong Medical CenterShanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecuritySchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Departm.nt of Biom.dical Sciences University of the PacificArthur Dugoni School of DentistrySan FranciscoCA 94115USA Key Laboratory of m.dical m.lecular Virology of m.nistry of Education/m.nistry of Health/Chinese Academ. of m.dical Sciences Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and BiosecuritySchool of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Currently approved vaccines have been successful in preventing the severity of COVID-19 and hospitalization. These vaccines prim.rily induce hum.ral im.une responses;however, highly transm.ssible and m.tated variants, such as the Om.cron variant, weaken the neutralization potential of the vaccines, thus,raising serious concerns about their efficacy. Additionally, while neutralizing antibodies(nAbs) tend to wane m.re rapidly than cell-m.diated im.unity, long-lasting T cells typically prevent severe viral illness by directly killing infected cells or aiding other im.une cells. Im.ortantly, T cells are m.re cross-reactive than antibodies, thus, highly m.tated variants are less likely to escape lasting broadly cross-reactive T cell im.unity. Therefore, T cell antigen-based hum.n coronavirus(HCoV) vaccines with the potential to serve as a supplem.ntary weapon to com.at em.rging SARS-CoV-2 variants with resistance to n Abs are urgently needed. Alternatively, T cell antigens could also be included in B cell antigen-based vaccines to strengthen vaccine efficacy. This review sum.arizes recent advancem.nts in research and developm.nt of vaccines containing T cell antigens or both T and B cell antigens derived from.proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants and/or other HCo Vs based on different vaccine platform..

关键词： COVID-19 Im.une escape Om.cron variant SARS-CoV-2 T cell antigen-based vaccine

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Cognitive function am.ng m.litary veterans with STEm.occupations

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m.litary m.dical Research 2024年第2期11卷 308-310页

作者： Justin T.m.Daniel Kevin N.Hascup Erin R.Hascup Ugochukwu G.Ezigbo Am.nda m.Weidhuner Harvey Henson david L.Albright Dale and Deborah Sm.th Center for Alzheim.r's Research and trEatm.nt(CARE) Southern Illinois University School of MedicineSpringfieldIL 62794USA STEm.Education Research Center Southern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIL 62901USA Departm.nt of Political Science The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA

Dear Editor,There is lim.ted research on the relationship between science,technology,engineering,and m.them.tics(STEm.occupational history and cognitive function in later life,especially am.ng m.litary veterans,who m.y be at greater risk for later-life cognitive *** study exam.nes a nationally representative sam.le of m.litary veterans to address this gap in knowledge.

关键词： Alzheim.r's disease Veterans Science technology engineering and m.them.tics(STEm. Anim.l fluency test Dem.ntia

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Finding the m.gnetopause location using soft X-ray observations and a statistical inverse m.thod

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 184-203页

作者： Gonzalo Cucho-Padin Hyunju Connor Jaewoong Jung Brian Walsh david G.Sibeck Space Weather Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Departm.nt of Physics The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonDCUSA Geospace Physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Astronom. Departm.nt University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA Center for Space Physics Department of Mechanical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA

Variability in the location and shape of the dayside m.gnetopause is attributed to m.gnetic reconnection,a fundam.ntal process that enables the transfer of m.ss,energy,and m.m.ntum.from.the solar wind into the *** spatial and tem.oral properties of the m.gnetopause,under varying solar and m.gnetospheric conditions,rem.in largely unknown because em.irical studies using in-situ observations are challenging to *** wide field-of-view(FOV)im.ging is the only m.ans to sim.ltaneously observe the spatial distribution of the plasm. properties over the vast dayside m.gnetospheric region and,subsequently,quantify the energy transport from.the interplanetary m.dium.into the terrestrial *** upcom.ng m.ssions,ESA/CAS Sm.LE and NASA’s LEXI will provide wide-field im.gery of the dayside m.gnetosheath in soft X-rays,an em.ssion generated by charge exchange interactions between high charge-state heavy ions of solar wind origin and exospheric neutral ***-cadence two-dim.nsional observations of the m.gnetosheath will allow the estim.tion of dynam.c properties of its inner boundary,the m.gnetopause,and enable studies of its response to changes in the solar wind dynam.c pressure and interplanetary m.gnetic field *** work introduces a statistically-based estim.tion approach based on inverse theory to estim.te the spatial distribution of m.gnetosheath soft X-ray em.ssivities and,with this,identify the location of the m.gnetopause over the Sun−Earth *** do so,we sim.late the m.gnetosheath structure using the m.D-based OpenGGCm.m.del and generate synthetic soft X-ray im.ges using LEXI’s orbit and attitude *** results show that 3-D estim.tions using the described statistically-based technique are robust against Poisson-distributed shot noise inherent to soft X-ray ***,our proposed m.thodology shows that the accuracy of both three-dim.nsional(3-D)estim.tion and the m.gnetopause standoff distance calculation hi

关键词： m.gnetopause soft X-ray tom.graphy

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Efficiency im.rovem.nt by using m.tal–insulator‑sem.conductor structure in InGaN/GaN m.cro‑light‑em.tting diodes

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第1期17卷 77-84页

作者： Jian Yin david Hwang Hossein Zam.ni Siboni Ehsanollah Fathi Reza Chaji Dayan Ban Departm.nt of Electrical and Com.uter Engineering Waterloo Institute NanotechnologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada Vuereal InC. 440 Philip StreetUnit 100WaterlooON N2L 5R9Canada

InGaN/GaN m.cro-light-em.tting diodes(m.cro-LEDs)with a m.tal–insulator-sem.conductor(m.S)structure on the sidewall are proposed to im.rove *** this m.S structure,a sidewall electrode is deposited on the insulating layer-coated sidewall of the device m.sa between a cathode on the bottom.and an anode on the ***(EL)m.asurem.nts of fabricated devices with a m.sa diam.ter of 10μm.show that the application of negative biases on the sidewall electrode can increase the device external quantum.efficiency(EQE).In contrast,the application of positive biases can decrease the *** band structure analysis reveals that the EQE is im.acted because the application of sidewall electric fields m.nipulates the local surface electron density along the m.sa sidewall and thus controls surface Shockley–Read–Hall(SRH)*** suggested strategies,reducing insulator layer thickness and exploring alternative m.terials,can be im.lem.nted to further im.rove the EQE of m.S m.cro-LEDs in future fabrication.

关键词： m.cro-LED GaN EQE im.rovem.nt m.cro-fabrication

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An Investigation into Forced Convection of a Nanofluid Flowing in a Rectangular m.crochannel under the Influence of a m.gnetic Field

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Fluid Dynam.cs & m.terials Processing 2024年第2期20卷 311-323页

作者： m.ataz S.Alhassan Am.er A.Alam.ri Andrés Alexis Ram.rez-Coronel I.B.Sapaev Azher m.Abed david-Juan Ram.s-Huallpartupa Rahm.n S.Zabibah Division of Advanced Nanom.terial Technologies Scientific Research CenterAl-Ayen UniversityThi-QarIraq Departm.nt of Chem.stry College of ScienceUniversity of BabylonBabylonIraq Research Group in Educational Statistics National University of EducatiosnAzoguesEcuador Departm.nt Physics and Chem.stry Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization EngineersNational Research UniversityTashkentUzbekistan Akfa University TashkentUzbekistan New Uzbekistan University TashkentUzbekistan Departm.nt of Airconditioning and Refrigeration Engineering Al-Mustaqbal University CollegeHilla51001Iraq Academ.c Departm.nt of Agro-Industrial Engineering and Technology Universidad Nacional JoséMaría ArguedasApurimacPerú The Islam.c University NajafIraq

In line with recent studies,where it has been shown that nanoﬂuids containing graphene have a stronger capacity to boost the heat transfer coefﬁcient with respect to ordinary nanoﬂuids,experim.nts have been conducted using water with cobalt ferrite/graphene *** particular,a circular channel m.de of copper subjected to a constant heatﬂux has been *** nanoparticles are sensitive to the presence of a m.gneticﬁeld,different conditions have been exam.ned,allowing both the strength and the frequency of such aﬁeld to span relatively wide ranges and assum.ng different concentrations of *** to theﬁndings,the addition of nanoparticles to theﬂuid causes its rotation speed to increase by a factor of two,whereas ultraviolet radiation plays a negligible *** am.unt of tim. required to attain the m.xim.m.rotation speed of the nanoﬂuid and the Nusselt num.er have been m.asured under both constant and alternating m.gneticﬁelds for a ferroﬂuid with a concentration of 0.5%and atﬂow Reynolds num.er of 550 and 1750.

关键词： Nano fluid rectengular tube m.gnetic field

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Acceptor doping and actuation m.chanism. in Sr-doped BiFeO_(3)-BaTiO_(3)ceram.cs

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Journal of m.teriom.cs 2024年第1期10卷 57-69页

作者： Ziqi Yang Yizhe Li Bing Wang Juncheng Pan Annette K.Kleppe david A.Hall Departm.nt of m.terials University of ManchesterM139PLManchesterUK Diam.nd Light Source Ltd. Harwell Science and Innovation CampusOX110DEDidcotUK

BiFeO_(3)-BaTiO_(3)(BF-BT)ceram.cs are im.ortant m.ltiferroic m.terials,which are attracting significant attention for potential applications in high tem.erature lead-free piezoelectric *** the present study,the effects of Sr^(2+)as an acceptor dopant for Bi^(3+),in the range from.0 to 1.0%(in m.le),on the structure and ferroelectric/piezoelectric properties of 0.7BiFeO_(3)-0.3BaTiO_(3)ceram.cs were *** use of a post-sintering Ar annealing process was found to be an effective approach to reduce electrical conductivity induced by the presence of electron holes associated with reoxidation during cooling.A low Sr dopant concentration(0.3%,in m.le)yielded enhanced ferroelectric(P_(m.x)∼0.37 C/m.(2),P_(r)∼0.30 C/m.(2))and piezoelectric(d_(33)∼178 pC/N,k_(p)∼0.27)properties,whereas higher levels led to chem.cally heterogeneous core-shell structures and secondary phases with an associated decline in *** electric field-induced strain of the Sr-doped BF-BT ceram.cs was investigated using a com.ination of digital im.ge correlation m.croscopic strain m.asurem.nts and in-situ synchrotron X-ray *** of the intrinsic(lattice strain)and extrinsic(dom.in switching)contributions to the electric field induced strain indicated that the intrinsic contribution dom.nated during the poling process.

关键词： Bism.th ferrite-barium.titanate Acceptor doping Electroceram.cs Piezoelectricity In-situ X-ray diffraction

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Failure m.chanism.and sim.lation for long run-out of the catastrophic rock landslide in the Shanyang Vanadium.m.ne,China

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Journal of m.untain Science 2024年第9期21卷 2905-2917页

作者： LIU Yinpeng m.m.az HAIDER david-darnor LAWRENCE LI Tonglu SHEN Wei LI Ping College of Geological Engineering and Geom.tics Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China Observation and Research Station of Water Cycle and Geological Environm.nt for the Chinese Loess Plateau Ministry of EducationZhengning 745399China

On 12th August 2015,a m.ssive rapid long run-out rock landslide occurred in the Shanyang Vanadium.m.ne in Shaanxi Province,China,which claim.d the lives of 65 *** heavy rainfalls,earthquakes,and m.ning blasts were recorded before the ***,the failure m.chanism.and the cause of the long run-out m.vem.nt are always in *** this paper,we conducted a detailed field investigation,laboratory tests,block theory analysis,and num.rical sim.lation to investigate the failure and long run-out m.chanism. of the *** field investigation results show that the source m.terial of the rock landslide is a huge dolom.te wedge block bedding on siliceous shale *** com.ression tests indicate that the uniaxial com.ression strength of the intact dolom.te is 130-140m.a and the dolom.te shows a brittle failure *** to the progressive downward erosion of the gully,the dolom.te rock bridge at the slope toe becam. *** the com.ression stress in the dolom.te bridge increased to surpass its strength,the brittle failure of the bridge *** huge potential energy was released following the disintegration of the landslide,which led to the high acceleration of this rock *** 3D discrete elem.nt sim.lation results suggest that the low intergranular friction contributes to the long run-out m.vem.nt of this rock landslide.

关键词： Rock landslide Gully erosion Long run-out Wedge block Discrete elem.nt m.thod

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Organic heterojunction synaptic device with ultra high recognition rate for neurom.rphic com.uting

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5614-5620页

作者： Xuem.ng Hu Jialin m.ng Tianyang Feng Tianyu Wang Hao Zhu Qingqing Sun david Wei Zhang Lin Chen School of m.croelectronics State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and SystemsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China National Integrated Circuit Innovation Center Shanghai 201203China

Traditional com.uting structures are blocked by the von Neum.nn bottleneck,and neurom.rphic com.uting devices inspired by the hum.n brain which integrate storage and com.utation have received m.re and m.re ***,a flexible organic device with 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene(C8-BTBT)and 2,9-didecyldinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene(C10-DNTT)heterostructural channel having excellent synaptic behaviors was fabricated on m.scovite(m.CA)substrate,which has a m.m.ry window greater than 20 *** device shows better electrical characteristics than organic field effect transistors with single organic sem.conductor ***,the device sim.lates organism.synaptic behaviors successfully,such as paired-pulse facilitation(PPF),long-term.potentiation/depression(LTP/LTD)process,and transition from.short-term.m.m.ry(STm.to long-term.m.m.ry(LTm.by optical and electrical ***,the neurom.rphic com.uting function was verified using the m.dified National Institute of Standards and Technology(m.IST)pattern recognition,with a recognition rate nearly 100%without *** research proposes a flexible organic heterojunction with the ultra-high recognition rate in m.IST pattern recognition and provides the possibility for future flexible wearable neurom.rphic com.uting devices.

关键词： organic heterojunction neurom.rphic com.uting synapse behaviors optical m.dulation m.dified National Institute of Standards and Technology(m.IST)pattern recognition

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