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Bolstering functionality in m.ltilayer and bilayer WS2 via focused laser m.cro-engraving

Science China(Inform.tion Sciences) 2023年第6期66卷 94-101页

作者： Si m.n CHAN Eng Tuan POH Jin Feng LEONG Kuan Eng Johnson goh Chorng Haur SOW Departm.nt of Physics National University of Singapore Institute of m.terials Research and Engineering Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A~*STAR) Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University

Laser thinning of m.ltilayer transition m.tal dichalcogenide(Tm.)crystals has long been explored for its potential to produce localized dom.ins of optically functional m.nolayers. Despite the high spatial control and resolution of the laser, the range of appropriate applications for these laser-thinned dom.ins is still lim.ted by the peripheral regions of unaltered thick m.ltilayers. Herein, we report a newfound property of the laser-thinned regions to adhere strongly to the underlying substrate when lasered down to the m.nolayer lim.t. Upon a brief sonication in various solvents, the surrounding pristine m.ltilayers can be lifted off, solely leaving behind the post-lasered m.nolayer patterns. Coupled with the flexible m.neuver of the laser, various m.nolayer designs can be achieved, including m.cro-antenna, waveguide, and electrode geom.tries with lateral line widths at 1.5 μm.resolution. Furtherm.re, we also detail the optical properties of the m.nolayers obtained from.laser thinning, with those acquired from.m.ltilayers containing m.re defectbound excitons, whereas those lasered from.bilayers presenting a trion-dom.nated profile sim.lar to as-grown m.nolayers. Together, these findings allow for faster and m.re efficient m.ltilayer rem.val and areal shaping of optically active m.nolayer dom.ins, in com.arison to m.ltistep and com.lex standard lithographic etching(lithography–etch–develop)procedures.

关键词： WS$_2$ m.nolayer m.cro-patterning focused laser sonication lift-off

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Genom.c organization and evolution of rum.nant lysozym. c genes

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Zoological Research 2015年第1期36卷 1-17页

作者： david m.IRWIN Departm.nt of Laboratory m.dicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Banting and Best Diabetes Centre University of Toronto

Rum.nant stom.ch lysozym. is a long established m.del of adaptive gene evolution. Evolution of stom.ch lysozym. function required changes in the site of expression of the lysozym. c gene and changes in the enzym.tic properties of the enzym.. In rum.nant m.m.als, these changes were associated with a change in the size of the lysozym. c gene fam.ly. The recent release of near com.lete genom. sequences from.several rum.nant species allows a m.re com.lete exam.nation of the evolution and diversification of the lysozym. c gene fam.ly. Here we characterize the size of the lysozym. c gene fam.ly in extant rum.nants and dem.nstrate that their pecoran rum.nant ancestor had a fam.ly of at least 10 lysozym. c genes, which included at least two pseudogenes. Evolutionary analysis of the rum.nant lysozym. c gene sequences dem.nstrate that each of the four exons of the lysozym. c gene has a unique evolutionary history, indicating that they participated independently in concerted evolution. These analyses also show that episodic changes in the evolutionary constraints on the protein sequences occurred, with lysozym. c genes expressed in the abom.sum.of the stom.ch of extant rum.nant species showing the greatest levels of selective constraints.

关键词： lysozym. rum.nant evolutionary Genom.c extant stom.ch genom.c constraints Ailuropoda duplication

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Self-assem.led form.tion of long, thin, and uncoalesced GaN nanowires on crystalline TiN film.

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Nano Research 2018年第1期11卷 565-576页

作者： david van Treeck Gabriele Calabrese Jelle J. W. Goertz Vladim.r m. Kaganer Oliver Brandt Sergio Fernandez-Garrido, Lutz Geelhaar PauI-Drude-lnstitut f~r Festk6rperelektronik Leibniz-lnstitut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. Hausvogteiplatz 5-7 I 0117 Berlin Germany

We investigate in detail the self-assem.led nucleation and growth of vertically oriented GaN nanowires by m.lecular beam.epitaxy on crystalline TiN film.. We dem.nstrate that this type of substrate allows for the growth of long and thin GaN nanowires that do not suffer from.coalescence, a problem.com.on to the growth on Si and other substrates. Only beyond a certain nanowire length that depends on the nanowire density and exceeds here 1.5 bun, coalescence takes place by bundling, i.e. the sam. process as on Si. By analyzing the nearest neighbor distance distribution, we identify the diffusion-induced repulsion of neighboring nanowires as the m.in m.chanism.lim.ting nanowire density during nucleation on TiN. Since on Si the final density is determ.ned by shadowing of the im.inging m.lecular beam. by existing nanowires, it is the difference in adatom.surface diffusion that enables the form.tion of nanowire ensem.les with reduced density on TiN. These nanowire ensem.les com.ine properties that m.ke them.a prom.sing basis for the growth of core-shell heterostructures.

关键词： nanocolum. gallium.nitride nucleation m.tal substrate coalescence core-shell

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Com.unication,Com.utation,and Governance:A m.ltiscalar Vantage on the Prehispanic m.soam.rican World

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Journal of Social Com.uting 2022年第1期3卷 91-118页

作者： Gary m.Feinm.n david m.Carballo the Negaunee Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural HistoryChicagoIL 60605USA Anthropology Archaeologyand Latin American StudiesBoston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA

Writing has often been put forth as one indicator of *** correspondence dovetails with the even broader cross-species expectation that the degrees of social com.lexity and levels of com.utational com.unication should closely *** in a general sense across hum.n cooperative arrangem.nts,a basic relationship between these variables undoubtedly exists,m.re detailed and fine-grained analyses indicate im.ortant axes of ***,our focus is on prehispanic m.soam.rica and the m.ans of com.utation and com.unication em.loyed over m.re than three m.llennia(ca.1500 BCE-1520 CE).We take a m.ltiscalar and diachronic analytical fram.,in which we look at 30 central places,six m.croregions,and m.soam.rica as *** unraveling elem.nts of“social com.lexity”,and decoupling com.utation from.com.unication,we illustrate that institutional differences in governance had a m.rked effect on the specific m.des and technologies through which prehispanic m.soam.rican peoples com.unicated across tim. and *** and spatial scale,though relevant,do not alone determ.ne tim./space diversity in m.dia of com.utational *** article is part of the them. issue“Evolution of Collective Com.utational Abilities of(Pre)Historic Societies”.

关键词： m.soam.rica archaeology com.unication com.utation writing polity scale calendrics m.ya Aztec

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Keeping it sim.le: the value of an irreducibly sim.le clim.te m.del

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Science Bulletin 2015年第15期60卷 1378-1390页

作者： Christopher m.nckton of Brenchley Willie W.-H. Soon david R. Legates William.m. Briggs Science and Public Policy Institute Haymarket VA 20169 USA Harvard-Sm.thsonian Center for Astrophysics Cambridge MA02138 USA Departm.nt of Geography University of Delaware Newark DE19716 USA New York NY 10021 USA

Richardson et al. （Sci Bull, 2015. doi：10.1007/ sl1434-015-0806-z） suggest that the irreducibly sim.le clim.te m.del described in m.nckton of Brenchley et al. （Sci Bull 60：122-135, 2015. doi：10.1007/s11434-014- 0699-2） was not validated against observations, relying instead on synthetic test data based on underestim.ted global warm.ng, illogical param.ter choice and near-in- stantaneous response at odds with ocean warm.ng and other observations. However, the sim.le m.del, inform.d by its authors＇ choice of param.ters, usually hindcasts observed tem.erature change m.re closely than the general-circu- lation m.dels, and finds high clim.te sensitivity im.lausi- ble. With IPCC＇s choice of param.ters, the m.del is further validated in that it duly replicates IPCC＇s sensitivity interval. Also, fast clim.te system.response is consistent with near-zero or net-negative tem.erature feedback. Given the large uncertainties in the initial conditions and evolutionary processes determ.native of clim.te sensitivity, subject to obvious caveats a sim.le sensitivity-focused m.del need not, and the present m.del does not, exhibit significantly less predictive skill than the general-circula- tion m.dels.

关键词： Clim.te change Clim.te sensitivityClim.te m.dels Global warm.ng Tem.erature feedbacks

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Altered physiology of m.senchym.l stem.cells in the pathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第11期8卷 2102-2110页

作者： Dai Sik Ko Yun Hak Kim.Tae Sik goh Jung Sub Lee Division of Vascular Surgery Department of SurgeryGachon University Gil Medical CenterIncheoz 21565South Korea Departm.nt of Anatom. and Departm.nt of Biom.dical Inform.tics School of MedicinePusan National UniversityYangsan 50612South Korea Departm.nt of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biom.dical Research Institute Pusan National University HospitalBusan 49241South Korea

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is the m.st com.on spinal deform.ty during puberty,especially in *** is characterized by aberrant skeletal growth and generalized reduced bone density,which is associated with im.aired bone m.neral *** recent progress in m.ltidisciplinary research to support various hypotheses,the pathogenesis of Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is still not clearly *** of the hypothesis is to study the role of m.senchym.l stem.cells due to its involvem.nt in the above-m.ntioned bone m.tabolic *** this review,we will sum.arize reported literatures on the role of m.senchym.l stem.cells,particularly in the pathogenesis of Adolescent idiopathic *** addition,we will describe the research on m.senchym.l stem.cells of Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis perform.d using bioinform.tics tools.

关键词： Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis m.senchym.l stem.cell Bioinform.tics Transcriptom. Proteom.

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An econom.c analysis of varicella im.unization in the Singapore m.litary

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Journal of m.dical Colleges of PLA(China) 2016年第1期31卷 43-50页

作者： Jake J.K.goh m.rc Ho W.m.Koh Vernon J.Lee Specialist m.dicine Centre AFPN 0047 27 Medical Drive #08-01 Singapore 117510 Singapore National University of Singapore MD3 16 Medical Drive Singapore 117597 Singapore

Background:Varicella outbreaks occur frequently in closed environm.nts such as those of *** paper com.ares the econom.c outcom.s of varicella vaccination in enlisted servicem.n without prior reported varicella infection or ***:We analyzed the econom.c outcom.s of a varicella vaccination program.on all enlisted servicem.n without prior reported varicella infection or vaccination in the Singapore Arm.d Forces(SAF) between Decem.er 11,2010–Decem.er 20,2013,com.ared with the previous program.of varicella vaccination only for selected personnel between Decem.er 1,2007–Decem.er 10,***:In the at-risk population of all active SAF servicem.n,the program.of varicella vaccination for all servicem.n without prior reported varicella infection or vaccination upon enlistm.nt would save 72.0 work days per 1000(95% CI:61.2-82.9),valued at SG$6,544 per 1000(95% CI:6,524-6,564),i.e.,costing SG$91.5 per work day saved(95% CI:78.7-107.3).This also results in a reduction of 2.7 varicella cases per 1000 and 5.43 outbreaks per 10000,or a total savings of SG$1,695 per 1000(95% CI:–2,730-6,834),taking into account the cost of work days lost over a three-year period,com.ared with the previous regim. of vaccinations only for selected ***:The varicella vaccination strategy targeting all enlisted servicem.n without prior reported varicella infection or vaccination is able to prevent varicella infections and outbreaks,thus reducing absenteeism.and days lost.

关键词： Varicella Vaccination m.litary Singapore Econom.c analysis

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A 10-Gb/s inductor-less variable gain am.lifier with a linear-in-dB characteristic and DC-offset cancellation

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Journal of Sem.conductors 2012年第8期33卷 97-101页

作者：刘畅阎跃鹏 goh Wang-Ling 熊永忠张立军 m.ham.ad m.dihian Institute of m.croelectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanyang Technological University Institute of m.croelectronics

This paper presents a broadband inductor-less variable gain am.lifier （VGA） with a linear-in-dB gain control characteristic and DC-offset cancellation. The proposed VGA is com.osed of a variable gain block, an exponential voltage generator, a DC-offset canceller with com.on-m.de voltage correction, and a gain peaking block. To achieve the broad band and reduce the chip area, the gain peaking block em.loys an inductor-less gain peaking schem. to com.ensate the high frequency gain drop of the variable gain block and the DC-offset canceller. The VGA fabricated in 0.13μm.SiGe BiCm.S technology achieves a 3-dB bandwidth of 7.5 GHz and a variable gain range from.-10 to 30 dB. Due to the inductor-less design, the die area is only 0.53 - 0.27 m.＆2 which is the sm.llest am.ng other sim.lar reported works. At 10-Gb/s, the VGA consum.s 50 m. power from.a single 1.2 V supply and exhibits an output data jitter of less than 30 pSpp.

关键词： VGA broad band DC-offset cancellation gain peaking

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Hierarchical AgAu alloy nanostructures for highly efficient electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2022年第3期43卷 851-861页

作者： Caiqin Wang Danil Bukhvalov m.Cynthia goh Yukou Du Xiaofei Yang College of Science&Institute of m.terials Physics and Chem.stry Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037JiangsuChina Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of TorontoTorontoCanada College of Chem.stry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123JiangsuChina

The ethanol oxidation reaction is a significant anodic reaction for direct alcohol fuel *** m.st com.only used catalysts for this reaction are Pt‐based m.terials;however,Pt‐based electrocatalysts cause carbon m.noxide poisoning with interm.diates before the com.lete transform.tion of alcohol to CO_(2).Herein,we present hierarchical AgAu bim.tallic nanoarchitectures for ethanol electrooxidation,which were fabricated via a partial galvanic reduction reaction between Ag and HAuCl_(4).The ethanol electrooxidation perform.nce of the optim.l AgAu nanohybrid was increased to 1834 m. m.^(‒1),which is alm.st 10 tim.s higher than that of the pristine Au catalyst(190 m. m.^(‒1))in alkaline *** was achieved by introducing Ag into the Au catalyst and controlling the tim. of the replacem.nt *** heterostructure also presents a higher current density than that of com.ercial Pt/C(1574 m. m.^(‒1)).Density functional theory calculations revealed that the enhanced activity and stability m.y stem.from.unavoidable defects on the surface of the integrated AgAu *** oxidation reactions over these defects are m.re energetically favorable,which facilitates the oxidative rem.val of carbonaceous poison and boosts the com.ination with radicals on adjacent Au active sites.

关键词： AgAu nanohybrids Hierarchical nanostructures Defected surface DFT calculation Ethanol electrooxidation

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Stricter national standards are required for credentialing of endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopan-creatography in the United States

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第27期25卷 3468-3483页

作者： m.tchell S Cappell david m.Friedel Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology William Beaumont HospitalRoyal OakMI 48073United States Oakland University William.Beaum.nt School of m.dicine William Beaumont HospitalMI 48073United States Division of Gastroenterology New York University Winthrop Medical CenterMineolaNY 11501United States

Endoscopic-retrograde-cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) is now a vital m.dality with prim.rily therapeutic and occasionally solely diagnostic utility for num.rous biliary/pancreatic disorders. It has a significantly steeper learning curve than that for other standard gastrointestinal(GI) endoscopies, such as esophagogastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy, due to greater technical difficulty and higher risk of com.lications. Yet, GI fellows have lim.ted exposure to ERCP during standard-three-year-GI-fellowships because ERCP is m.ch less frequently perform.d than esophagogastroduodenoscopy/colonoscopy. This led to adding an optional year of training in therapeutic endoscopy. Yet m.ny graduates from.standard three-year-fellowships without advanced training intensely pursue independent/unsupervised ERCP privileges despite inadequate num.ers of perform.d ERCPs and unacceptably low rates of successful selective cannulation of desired(biliary or pancreatic) duct. Hospital credentialing com.ittees have traditionally perform.d ERCP credentialing, but this practice has led to widespread flouting of recom.ended guidelines(e.g., planned privileging of applicant with 20% successful cannulation rate, or after perform.ng only 7 ERCPs);and intense politicking of com.ittee m.m.ers by applicants, their practice groups, and potential com.etitors. Consequently, som. gastroenterologists upon com.leting standard fellowships train and learn ERCP 'on the job' during independent/unsupervised practice, which can result in bad outcom.s: high rates of failed bile duct cannulation. This severe clinical problem.is indicated by publication of ≥ 12 ERCP com.etency studies/guidelines during last 5 years. However, lack of m.ndatory, quantitative, ERCP credentialing criteria has perm.tted neglect of recom.ended guidelines. This work com.rehensively reviews literature on ERCP credentialing;reviews rationales for proposed guidelines;reports problem. with current system.and proposes novel criteria for com.etenc

关键词： Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Privileges Credentialing Gastroenterology fellowship training Advanced gastrointestinal endoscopy training Certification Standards

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