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m.dulating neuronal plasticity with choline

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第10期14卷 1697-1698页

作者： Eunice W. m. Chin Eyleen L.K. goh Neuroscience Academ.c Clinical Program.e Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore Departm.nt of Research National Neuroscience InstituteSingaporeSingapore

The Am.rican psychologist William.Jam.s once wrote that nervous tissue seem. to be endowed with a “very extraordinary” degree of plasticity. To be plastic m.ans to be capable of being m.lded, receiving shape, or being m.de to assum. a desired form. This can be achieved consequential to changes in the internal and/or external environm.nt. Being plastic, neurons are highly able to am.nd their structural and functional output, through alteration of their m.rphology, activation of intracellular signaling cascades, regulation of synaptic density and neurotransm.tter release, or a com.ination of these events.

关键词： The Am.rican psychologist tissue seem. to be endowed com.ination of these events

Photodegradation of nitroarom.tic com.ounds in aqueous solutions in the UV/H_2O_2 process

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2005年第6期17卷 886-893页

作者： goh Ngoh Khang Division of Chem.stry Nanyang Technological University l Nanyang Walk Singapore 637616

Photodegradation of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols in aqueous solutions by m.ans of UV/H2 O2 process was studied in the Rayox batch reactors. Three nitrophenol isom.rs were identified as m.in photoproducts in the irradiated NB aqueous solutions. The distribution of nitrophenol isom.rs follows the order p-〉 m.〉 o-nitrophenol. Other interm.diates detected include nitrohydroquinone, nitrocatechol, catechol, benzoquinone, phenol, nitrate/nitrite ions, form.c acid, glyoxylic acid, m.leic acid, oxalic acid and som. aliphatic ketones and aldehydes. The degradation of nitrobenzene and nitrophenols at initial stages follows the first-order kinetics and the decay rate constants for nitrobenzene（NB） are around l0^-3-10^-2 s^-1 and for nitrophenols are around 10^-2 s^-1. The decom.osition of H2 O2 in the presence of NB and each nitrophenol isom.rs follows zero-order kinetics. The quantum.yields at initial stages for NB decay were estim.ted around 0.30 to 0.36, and for NPs decay is around 0.31-0.54.

关键词： photodegradation nitrobenzene nitrophenols UV/H2 O2 process

m.tilin and ghrelin gene experienced episodic evolution during prim.tive placental m.m.al evolution

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第6期53卷 677-682页

作者： IRWIN m. david Departm.nts of Laboratory m.dicine and Pathobiology and the Banting and Best Diabetes Centre University of Toronto

m.tilin and ghrelin,m.m.ers of a structure-function-related horm.ne fam.ly,play im.ortant roles in gastrointestinal function,regulation of energy hom.ostasis and growth horm.ne *** observed episodic evolution in both of their prehorm.ne gene sequences during prim.tive placental m.m.al evolution,during which m.st of the nonsynonym.us changes result in radical *** note,a functional obestatin horm.ne m.ght have only originated after this episodic evolution *** in placental m.m.al evolution,a series of biology com.lexities *** the sam. tim. the m.tilin and ghrelin prehorm.ne genes,which play im.ortant roles in several of these processes,experienced episodic evolution with dram.tic changes in their coding *** observations suggest that som. of the lineage-specific physiological adaptations are due to episodic evolution of the m.tilin and ghrelin genes.

关键词： m.tilin ghrelin episodic evolution

Em.rging Perspectives on the m.chanism., Regulation, and Distribution of Light Color Acclim.tion in Cyanobacteria

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m.lecular Plant 2012年第1期5卷 1-13页

作者： Andrian Gutu david m. Kehoe Departm.nt of Biology 1001 East Third Street indiana University Bloomington iN 47405 USA Present address： HoWard Hughes m.dical Institute/Departm.nt Of m.lecular and Cellular Biology FAS Center for Systems Biology Harvard UniversityCambridge MA 02138 USA

Chrom.tic acclim.tion （CA） provides m.ny cyanobacteria with the ability to tailor the properties of their light-harvesting antennae to the spectral distribution of am.ient light. CA was originally discovered as a result of its dram.tic cellular phenotype in red and green light. However, discoveries over the past decade have revealed that m.ny pairs of light colors, ranging from.blue to infrared, can trigger CA responses. The capacity to undergo CA is widespread geographically, occurs in m.st habitats around the world, and is found within all m.jor cyanobacterial groups. In addition, m.ny other cellular activities have been found to be under CA control, resulting in distinct physiological and m.rphological states for cells under different light-color conditions. Several types of CA appear to be the result of convergent evolution, where different strategies are used to achieve the final goal of optim.zing light-harvesting antenna com.osition to m.xim.ze photon capture. The regulation of CA has been found to occur prim.rily at the level of RNA abundance. The CA-regulatory pathways uncovered thus far are two-com.onent system. that use phytochrom.-class photoreceptors with sensor-kinase dom.ins to control response regulators that function as transcription factors. However, there is also at least one CA- regulatory pathway that operates at the post-transcriptional level. It is becom.ng increasingly clear that large num.ers of cyanobacterial species have the capacity to acclim.te to a wide variety of light colors through the use of a range of different CA processes.

关键词： Chrom.tic adaptation phycobilisom. cyanobacteria light regulation gene regulation signal transduction light harvesting phenotypic plasticity.

Dynam.c Bubble Behaviour during m.croscale Subcooled Boiling

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Chinese Physics Letters 2005年第11期22卷 2881-2884页

作者：王昊彭晓峰 david m. Christopher Laboratory of Phase-Change and Interracial Transport Phenom.na Department of Thermal Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084

Bubble cycles, including initiation, growth and departure, are the physical basis of nucleate boiling. The present investigation, however, reveals unusual bubble m.tions during subcooled nucleate boiling on m.crowires 25 or 100μm.in diam.ter. Two types of bubble m.tions, bubble sweeping and bubble return, are observed in the experim.nts. Bubble sweeping describes a bubble m.ving back and forth along the wire, which is m.tion parallel to the wire. Bubble return is the bubble m.ving back to the wire after it has detached or leaping above the wire. Theoretical analyses and num.rical sim.lations are conducted to investigate the driving m.chanism. for both bubble sweeping and return. m.rangoni flow from.warm.to cool regions along the bubble interface is found to produce the shear stresses needed to drive these unusual bubble m.vem.nts.

关键词： Dynam.c Bubble Behaviour during m.croscale Subcooled Boiling

The im.act of raw m.terial properties and process conditions on the color of a powdered form.lated detergent product

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Particuology 2019年第4期17卷 35-41页

作者： m.ham.d S. m.nga david Willis Nurafiqah m. Ali david W. York School of Chem.cal and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom

The appearance of deterge nt powder plays an im.orta nt role in con sum.r perception of powder effectiveness for cleaning applications. In this study, we investigated the influence of num.rous form.lation and processing conditions on product discoloration. Product color was scrutinized using the L*a*b* color space, and in particular, L* and b*. Particle size, the m.thod for introducing the optical brightener, and the raw m.terial grade were very im.ortant in con trolling the optical properties of detergent granules. As the particle size decreased, the light reflected to the observer appeared brighter and bluer. This was observed as increased whiteness from.L*= 84.03 with a particle size of >841 μm.to L*= 90.59 with a particle size of m. Reducing the level of im.urities found in the raw m.terials by changing the m.terial source also im.roved color definition. A key finding is that the optical brightener should be applied by spraying and prepared by dispersion rather than dissolution. This im.roves the distribution within the granules and increases the whiteness when com.ared with pouring the brightener into the agglom.ration vessel. Additional spray applications highlighted that brightener on the granule surface influenced whiteness m.re than em.edded brightener. In addition, we report on the effects of the drying tem.erature and m.xer im.eller speed on powder color.

关键词： Detergent powder Powder processing Powder discoloration Optical brightener Characterization

Com.lem.nt-dependent neuroinflam.ation in spinal cord injury:from.pathology to therapeutic im.lications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1324-1335页

作者： Hassan Saad Bachar El Baba Ali Tfaily Firas Kobeissy Juanm.rco Gutierrez Gonzalez Daniel Refai Gerald R.Rodts Christian m.stroph david Gim.el Jonathan Grossberg Daniel L.Barrow m.tthew F.Gary Ali m.Alawieh Departm.nt of Neurosurgery Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Departm.nt of Neurology Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Center for Neurotraum. Multiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA

Spinal cord injury rem.ins a m.jor cause of disability in young adults,and beyond acute decom.ression and rehabilitation,there are no pharm.cological treatm.nts to lim.t the progression of injury and optim.ze recovery in this *** the thorough investigation of the com.lem.nt system.in triggering and propagating cerebral neuroinflam.ation,a sim.lar role for com.lem.nt in spinal neuroinflam.ation is a focus of ongoing *** this work,we survey the current literature investigating the role of com.lem.nt in spinal cord injury including the sources of com.lem.nt proteins,triggers of com.lem.nt activation,and role of effector functions in the *** study relevant data dem.nstrating the different triggers of com.lem.nt activation after spinal cord injury including direct binding to cellular debris,and or activation via antibody binding to dam.ge-associated m.lecular *** effector functions of com.lem.nt have been im.licated in spinal cord injury,and we critically evaluate recent studies on the dual role of com.lem.nt anaphylatoxins in spinal cord injury while em.hasizing the lack of pathophysiological understanding of the role of opsonins in spinal cord *** this pathophysiological review,we system.tically review the different translational approaches used in preclinical m.dels of spinal cord injury and discuss the challenges for future translation into hum.n *** review em.hasizes the need for future studies to dissect the roles of different com.lem.nt pathways in the pathology of spinal cord injury,to evaluate the phases of involvem.nt of opsonins and anaphylatoxins,and to study the role of com.lem.nt in white m.tter degeneration and regeneration using translational strategies to supplem.nt genetic m.dels.

关键词： com.lem.nt neuroinflam.ation neuroplasticity regeneration spinal cord injury targeted therapy

Determ.nants of m.le health： the interaction of biological and social factors

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第3期12卷 291-297,I0007页

作者： david m. de Kretser（澳大利亚） m.nash University Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia

This review discusses the social and biological factors that m.y influence m.le developm.nt from.conception to adulthood and also underlie the developm.nt of health disorders. It will provide assistance to those who m.y be considering the form.lation of a m.le health policy. It aim. to em.hasize that social determ.nants function on a bio- logical background that is profoundly influenced by a m.le＇s genom., inherited from.his parents. The im.ortance of the m.le-specific reproductive disorders is em.hasized, but these also affect som.tic structures through the secretion of androgens secreted from.the testes. In turn, the function of the cardiovascular and nervous system. can signifi- cantly influence reproductive processes such as erectile dysfunction.

关键词： infertility genetics im.otence health policy

Gene duplication plays a m.jor role in gene co-option: Studies into the evolution of the m.tilin/ghrelin fam.ly and their receptors

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第25期56卷 2690-2697页

作者： HE Jing Irwin m. david ZHANG YaPing State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China Departm.nt of Laboratory m.dicine and Pathobiology and Banting and Best Diabetes Centre University of Toronto Toronto M5S1A1 Canada Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization ofBioresource Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China

Extant genes can be m.dified, or 'tinkered with', to provide new roles or new characteristics of these genes. At the genetic level, this often involves gene duplication and specialization of the resulting genes into particular functions. We investigate how ligand-receptor partnerships evolve after gene duplication. While significant work has been conducted in this area, the exam.nation of additional m.dels should help us better understand the proposed m.dels and potentially reveal novel evolutionary patterns and dynam.cs. We use bioinform.tics, com.arative genom.cs and phylogenetic analyses to show that preproghrelin and preprom.tilin descended from.a com.on ancestor and that a gene duplication generated these two genes shortly after the divergence of am.hibians and am.iotes. The evolutionary history of the receptor fam.ly differs from.that of their cognate ligands. GPR39 diverges first, and an ancestral receptor gives rise to receptors classified as fish-specific clade A, GHSR and m.NR by successive gene duplications occurring before the divergence of tetrapods and ray-finned fish. The ghrelin/GHSR system.is m.intained and functionally conserved from.fish to m.m.als. m.tilin-m.NR specificity m.st have arisen by ligand-receptor coevolution after the m.N horm.ne gene diverged from.the GHRL gene in the am.iote lineage. Conserved m.lecular m.chinery can give rise to new neuroendocrine response m.chanism. by the co-option of duplicated genes. Gene duplication is both parsim.nious and creative in producing elem.nts for evolutionary tinkering and plays a m.jor role in gene co-option, thus aiding the evolution of greater biological com.lexity.

关键词：基因重复生长素胃动素受体选项演变家庭进化模式