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Harnessing the power of complex light propagation in multimode fibers for spatially resolved sensing

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 411-422页

作者： DARCY L.smith LINH V.NGUYEN mOHAmmAD I.REJA ERIK P.SCHARTNER HEIKE EBENDORFF-HEIDEPRIEm david J.OTTAWAY STEPHEN C.WARREN-smith Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physics Chemistry and Earth SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery(OzGrav) AdelaideSAAustralia Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Laser Physics and Photonics Devices Laboratory University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia

The propagation of coherent light in multimode optical fibers results in a speckled output that is both complex and sensitive to environmental *** properties can be a powerful tool for sensing,as small perturbations lead to significant changes in the output of the ***,the mechanism to encode spatially resolved sensing information into the speckle pattern and the ability to extract this information are thus far *** this paper,we demonstrate that spatially dependent mode coupling is crucial to achieving spatially resolved *** leverage machine learning to quantitatively extract the spatially resolved sensing information from three fiber types with dramatically different characteristics and demonstrate that the fiber with the highest degree of spatially dependent mode coupling provides the greatest accuracy.

关键词： fiber spatially resolved

Water balloon-induced orbital fracture in an aviator

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military medical Research 2020年第2期7卷 245-248页

作者： Timothy E.Holland david m.smith Guy N.Gibson Jared G.Brinkerhoff Flight and Operational medical Clinic 78th Medical Group655 Seventh StreetRobins Air Force BaseRobinsGA 31098USA Department of Radiology Ehrling Bergquist Clinic2501 Capehart RdOffutt AFBNEOffutt 68113-2160USA Flight and Operational medical Clinic 5th Medical Group194 Missilie AveMinot AFBNDMinot 58705USA

Background:Orbital fractures are common injuries found in facial *** etiologies of orbital fractures include motor vehicle collisions and *** report the case of a 32-year-old male who suffered an orbital fracture from a water ***,we describe the aeromedical complications that may result from this ***,we attempt to answer the question of when a patient may return to flying after sustaining such an injury through review of the *** presentation:A 32-year-old male pilot with the United States Air Force was at an outdoor event with his unit when he was struck with a water balloon launched from a sling shot into his left *** afterwards,he had an onset of subcutaneous emphysema and was escorted to a nearby Emergency *** tomography identified an orbital fracture with associated orbital and subcutaneous *** patient was evaluated by a plastic surgeon and was determined not to be a surgical *** weeks later,he returned to flying ***:Water balloons are thought to be safe and harmless ***,when coupled with sling shots,water balloons can become formidable projectiles capable of significant orbital injury including orbital *** injuries are concerning to aviators,as the most common sites for fractures of the orbit are the thin ethmoid and maxillary bones adjacent to the *** altitude,gases in the sinuses may expand and enter the orbit through these fractures,which may suddenly incapacitate the *** is important for flight surgeons to identify and assess these individuals to determine suitability for flying.

关键词： Boyle’s law Orbital emphysema Facial fracture

mitochondrial recruitment in myelin:an anchor for myelin dynamics and plasticity?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1401-1402页

作者： Jean-david m.Gothié Timothy E.Kennedy Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada

Optimal propagation of neuronal electrical impulses depends on the insulation of axons by myelin,produced in the central nervous system by *** is an extension of the oligodendrocyte plasma membrane,which wraps around an axon to form a compact multi-layered *** is composed of a substantially higher proportion of lipids compared to other biological membranes and enriched in a small number of specialized proteins.

关键词： plasticity insulation dynamics

Evaluation of hand infections in the emergency department using point-of-care ultrasound

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World Journal of Emergency medicine 2024年第4期15卷 283-288页

作者： david Ahmad Haidar david mintz Brandon m Wubben Omar Rizvi Srikar Adhikari Department of Emergency medicine Michigan MedicineAnn Arbor 48109-1382USA University of Arizona College of medicine Tucson 85724USA Department of Emergency medicine University of IowaIowa City 52242-1009USA Department of Surgery University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson 85724USA Department of Emergency medicine University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson 85724USA

BACKGROUND:We aimed to evaluate the utility of point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)in the assessment of hand infections that present to the emergency department(ED)and its impact on medical decision making and patient ***:We conducted a retrospective review of patients who presented to two urban academic EDs with clinical presentations concerning for skin and soft tissue infections(SSTI)of the hand between December 2015 and December *** trained POCUS fellowship physicians reviewed an ED POCUS database for POCUS examinations of the *** then reviewed patients’electronic health records(EHR)for demographic characteristics,history,physical examination findings,ED course,additional imaging studies,consultations,impact of POCUS on patient care and final ***:We included a total of 50 cases(28 male,22 female)in the final *** most common presenting symptoms and exam findings were pain(100%),swelling(90%),and erythema(74%).The most common sonographic findings were edema(76%),soft tissue swelling(78%),and fluid surrounding the tendon(57%).POCUS was used in medical decision making 68%of the time(n=34),with the use of POCUS leading to changes in management 38%of the time(n=19).POCUS use led to early antibiotic use(11/19),early consultation(10/19),and led to the performance of a required procedure(8/19).The POCUS diagnosis was consistent with the discharge diagnosis of flexor tenosynovitis 8/12 times,abscess 12/16 times,and cellulitis 14/20 ***:POCUS is beneficial for evaluating of hand infections that present to the ED and can be used as an important part of medical decision making to expedite patient care.

关键词： Ultrasound Point-of-care ultrasound Cellulitis Abscess Flexor tenosynovitis

Predictors of the placebo response in a nutraceutical randomized controlled trial for depression

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Journal of Integrative medicine 2024年第1期22卷 46-53页

作者： Rosemary Arnold Jenifer murphy-smith Chee H.Ng david mischoulon Gerard J.Byrne Chad A.Bousman Con Stough michael Berk Jerome Sarris Professorial Unit the Melbourne ClinicDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneRichmond 3121Australia Depression Clinical and Research Program Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Faculty of medicine Discipline of PsychiatryCentre for Clinical ResearchRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalHerstonthe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4006Australia Departments of medical Genetics PsychiatryPhysiology&Pharmacology and Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Psychiatry the University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia Centre for Human Psychopharmacology Swinburne UniversityMelbourne 3122Australia The Institute for mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation School of MedicineBarwon HealthDeakin UniversityGeelong 3220Australia The Centre of Excellence in Youth mental Health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and mental Health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia NICm Health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversityWestmeadNSW 2145Australia

Objective The placebo response in depression studies is the change in symptoms amongst those who receive an inactive *** well-designed randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of depression have a high proportion of placebo responders,with little understanding as to *** present study assesses characteristics associated with the placebo response in a nutraceutical trial with a large proportion of placebo *** This is a secondary analysis of a nutraceutical depression RCT which identified no overall treatment benefit relative to placebo(n=69 in placebo group).We investigated participant characteristics such as socio-demographics,clinical features,and recruitment methods,and their association with the placebo *** genetic polymorphisms were also *** response was measured based on change in montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale *** association of these hypothesis-driven variables of interest and the placebo response was examined using linear mixed effects *** Greater levels of education,particularly pursuing post-high school education,better self-reported general health,marriage/de facto,greater improvement in the first trial week,and more failed antidepressant therapies in the current depressive episode were associated with greater placebo *** increased placebo response was not found in those recruited via social media nor in those with concomitant antidepressant *** nucleotide polymorphisms from the tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPH1)gene(A779C and A218C)were weakly associated with greater placebo response,although the evidence was attenuated after accounting for multiple *** This is,to our knowledge,the first study within nutraceutical research for depression to assess the association between participant characteristics and variation in the placebo *** variables appeared to predict the placebo *** findings may encourage future trial design

关键词： Randomized controlled trial Placebo Depression Nutraceutical Psychiatry

Synthetic polymers:A review of applications in drilling fluids

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 475-518页

作者： Shadfar Davoodi mohammed Al-Shargabi david A.Wood Valeriy S.Rukavishnikov Konstantin m.minaev School of Earth Sciences&Engineering Tomsk Polytechnic UniversityLenin AvenueTomskRussia DWA Energy Limited LincolnUnited Kingdom

With the growth of deep drilling and the complexity of the well profile,the requirements for a more complete and efficient exploitation of productive formations increase,which increases the risk of various ***,reagents based on modified natural polymers(which are naturally occurring compounds)and synthetic polymers(SPs)which are polymeric compounds created industrially,are widely used to prevent emerging complications in the drilling ***,compared to modified natural polymers,SPs form a family of high-molecular-weight compounds that are fully synthesized by undergoing chemical polymerization *** provide substantial flexibility in their ***,their size and chemical composition can be adjusted to provide properties for nearly all the functional objectives of drilling *** can be classified based on chemical ingredients,type of reaction,and their responses to ***,some of SPs,due to their structural characteristics,have a high cost,a poor temperature and salt resistance in drilling fluids,and degradation begins when the temperature reaches 130℃.These drawbacks prevent SP use in some medium and deep ***,this review addresses the historical development,the characteristics,manufacturing methods,classification,and the applications of SPs in drilling *** contributions of SPs as additives to drilling fluids to enhance rheology,filtrate generation,carrying of cuttings,fluid lubricity,and clay/shale stability are explained in *** mechanisms,impacts,and advances achieved when SPs are added to drilling fluids are also *** typical challenges encountered by SPs when deployed in drilling fluids and their advantages and drawbacks are also *** issues also impact the applications of SPs in drilling ***,the cost of the most relevant SPs,and the monomers used in their synthesis,are *** impacts of SPs when deployed in drilling fluids,and t

关键词： Synthetic versus natural polymers Nanopolymers Drilling fluid additives Lubricity Clay swelling Hole cleaning

Wild Nutrition’s Food-Grown® magnesium Supplementation Increases Sleep Quality and Sleep Duration and Reduces Stress in a Healthy Adult Population: A Double-Blind, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Study

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 509-523页

作者： david Briskey Jane Erickson Chelsie smith Amanda Rao School of Human movement and Nutrition Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Australia RDC Clinical Brisbane Australia

Background: magnesium, an essential mineral crucial for various bodily functions, has been shown to positively influence sleep patterns. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Food-Grown® magnesium in enhancing sleep quality and duration, as well as overall well-being. methods: Eighty participants were randomly assigned to receive either 80 mg of Food-Grown® magnesium or a placebo (microcrystalline cellulose) daily for 8 weeks. Participants completed questionnaires assessing sleep quality, daytime drowsiness, quality of life, anxiety, and stress levels. Additionally, participants maintained daily sleep diaries and wore wrist-worn actigraphy devices. The primary outcome measured was the change in sleep quality and duration. Results: Seventy-one participants fulfilled all study requirements (35 in the active group and 36 in the placebo group). magnesium supplementation significantly improved reported sleep quality, with the active group showing a 32% increase compared to 16% in the placebo group (p = 0.034). moreover, magnesium supplementation led to a decrease in reported stress scores at week 8 compared to the placebo group (3.7 ± 2.6 vs. 5.5 ± 3.1, respectively). Both the magnesium and placebo groups exhibited significant increases in reported sleep duration and reductions in time to fall asleep, sleep disturbance, sleep latency, sleep medication usage, and total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score at week 8 compared to baseline. Conclusion: magnesium supplementation notably enhanced sleep quality and reduced stress levels compared to the placebo group. These findings highlight the potential of magnesium as a beneficial supplement for improving sleep quality and overall well-being.

关键词： magnesium Sleep Quality Sleep Duration Stress Food-Grown

Late Ordovician mass Extinction: Earth, fire and ice

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 51-65页

作者： david A.T.Harper Palaeoecosystems Group Department of Earth SciencesDurham University

The Late Ordovician mass Extinction was the earliest of the ‘big’ five extinction events and the earliest to affect the trajectory of metazoan life. Two phases have been identified near the start of the Hirnantian period and in the middle. It was a massive taxonomic extinction, a weak phylogenetic extinction and a relatively benign ecological extinction. A rapid cooling, triggering a major ice age that reduced the temperature of surface waters, prompted a drop in sea level of some 100 m and introduced toxic bottom waters onto the shelves. These symptoms of more fundamental planetary processes have been associated with a range of factors with an underlying driver identified as volcanicity. Volcanic eruptions, and other products, may have extended back in time to at least the Sandbian and early Katian, suggesting the extinctions were more protracted and influential than hitherto documented.

关键词： Ordovician LOmE paleoecology palaeobiogeography biotas

multi‑omics integration identifies regulatory factors underlying bovine subclinical mastitis

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 987-1007页

作者： mengqi Wang Naisu Yang mario Laterriere david Gagne Faith Omonijo Eveline m.Ibeagha‑Awemu Agriculture and Agri‑Food Canada Sherbrooke Research and Development CentreSherbrookeQCCanada Department of Animal Science Universite LavalQuebec CityQCCanada Quebec Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaQuebec CityQCCanada

Background mastitis caused by multiple factors remains one of the most common and costly disease of the dairy ***-omics approaches enable the comprehensive investigation of the complex interactions between mul-tiple layers of information to provide a more holistic view of disease ***,this study investigated the genomic and epigenomic signatures and the possible regulatory mechanisms underlying subclinical mastitis by integrating RNA sequencing data(mRNA and lncRNA),small RNA sequencing data(miRNA)and DNA methylation sequencing data of milk somatic cells from 10 healthy cows and 20 cows with naturally occurring subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus *** Functional investigation of the data sets through gene set analysis uncovered 3458 biological process GO terms and 170 KEGG pathways with altered activities during subclinical mastitis,provided further insights into subclin-ical mastitis and revealed the involvement of multi-omics signatures in the altered immune responses and impaired mammary gland productivity during subclinical *** abundant genomic and epigenomic signatures with sig-nificant alterations related to subclinical mastitis were observed,including 30,846,2552,1276 and 57 differential methylation haplotype blocks(dmHBs),differentially expressed genes(DEGs),lncRNAs(DELs)and miRNAs(DEms),***,5 factors presenting the principal variation of differential multi-omics signatures were *** important roles of Factor 1(DEG,DEm and DEL)and Factor 2(dmHB and DEm),in the regulation of immune defense and impaired mammary gland functions during subclinical mastitis were *** of the omics within Factors 1 and 2 explained about 20%of the source of variation in subclinical ***,networks of impor-tant functional gene sets with the involvement of multi-omics signatures were demonstrated,which contributed to a comprehensive view of the possible regu

关键词： Candidate discriminant multi-omics signature Gene Long non-coding RNA methylation haplotype block microRNA multi-omics integration Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity pathway Staphylococcus aureus infection pathway