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Prevention of beta cell death in chronic pancreatitis

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第6期3卷 782-787页

作者： Huansheng Dong Katherine A Morgan david B Adams Hongjun Wang Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC wangho@musc.edu

Chronic pancreatitis is best described as a relentless, continuous inflammatory destruction of the pancreas parenchyma, characterized by irreversible destruction of the exocrine tissues, fibrosis, and at the late stage, the destruction of endocrine cells. Current therapies for chronic pancreatitis patients focus on pain relief by medical and minimally invasive endoscopic treatment as well as surgical management with resection of diseased parenchyma and drainage of obstructed ducts. Radical treatment of chronic pancreatitis has been successful with total pancreatictomy and islet autotransplantation (TP-IAT) that may prevent maladaptive intractable pain pathways and also avoid pancreatogenic diabetes in the well-selected patient. Distinct loss of pancreatic islet cells occurs in about 30%-50% of patients during the progression of chronic pancreatitis when severe fibrosis develops at the late stage of the disease. Profound β cell apoptosis induced by stresses encountered during islet isolation and transplantation further compromises β cell survival and function after TP-IAT. The molecular mechanisms that lead to β cell dysfunction in chronic pancreatitis remain largely undelineated. In this review, we summarize factors that may contribute β cell apoptosis during the disease progress and after TP-IAT and discuss potential interventional approaches that may prevent islet cell death during these processes. Such information is critical to the development of therapeutic protocols that can preserve the viability and function of β cell in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

关键词： Chronic Pancreatitis Islet Autotransplantation Beta Cell Apoptosis Protective Gene

Secondary malignancy estimation in patients after mastectomy and adjuvant therapy

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2018年第1期4卷 620-627页

作者： Oludare Folajimi Adeyemi Okhuomaruyi david Osahon Enosakhare Godwin Okungbowa Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology University of Benin Teaching HospitalBenin City 234Nigeria Department of Physics University of BeninBenin City 234Nigeria Department of Radiography and Radiation Science University of BeninBenin City 234Nigeria

Aim:Secondary malignancy estimation after radiotherapy of post mastectomy patients is becoming an important subject for comparative treatment *** data from modern treatment planning systems provide accurate three-dimensional dose distributions for each individual patients,thereby opening up new possibilities for more precise estimates of secondary cancer incidence rates in the irradiated ***:This study estimates the probability of secondary malignancy using radiobiological model for post mastectomy patients in a low-resource center,*** secondary cancer complication probability(SCCP)was computed for linear,linear-exponent and linear-plateau ***:The result shows that comparing the three models the mean SCCP for the contralateral breast ranged between 0.41%-0.93%;for the lung(0.34%-5.93%);while for the chest wall is between 0.65%-31.95%.Also,the result showed that based on the differential dose volume histogram,the SCCP in the chest wall is highest compared to the lung and contralateral breast;while the linear model overestimate the risk of secondary malignancy,the linear-exponent and the linear plateaus gave values not outrageously ***:The models in this study have shown that the risk of secondary malignancy in these post mastectomy patients is low.

关键词： Probability radiobiological model complication malignancy

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中国的新经济精英:家庭历史和社会变迁

西北师大学报（社会科学版） 2016年第2期53卷 5-17页

作者：古德曼西交利物浦大学中国研究系江苏苏州215123 南京大学社会学院江苏南京210093

有关中国自1978年以来出现的新经济精英的研究总是把政治和经济因素当作最为关键的因素,学界很少有人关注经济精英的社会关系,尤其是家庭背景对于他们创业活动的决定性影响。为了探索家庭因素对新经济精英的影响,通过在昆明、兰州、南... 详细信息

有关中国自1978年以来出现的新经济精英的研究总是把政治和经济因素当作最为关键的因素,学界很少有人关注经济精英的社会关系,尤其是家庭背景对于他们创业活动的决定性影响。为了探索家庭因素对新经济精英的影响,通过在昆明、兰州、南京、青岛、太原和中山等地进行的调查,访谈当代企业家在1979年(一般为父母)和1949年(通常为祖父母)的家庭背景,初步的调查结果表明:2009年出现的经济精英,其家庭背景的重要性需要追溯到1949年之前,这些精英的出现在很大程度上要归因于他们在党政机关中工作的父母或者1949年以前处于统治阶层的祖父母,其家庭背景对于这些精英的个人行为及性格的形成都具有极其重要的影响。

关键词：市场转型新经济精英家庭背景家庭历史社会变迁

Abdominal obesity adversely affects bone mass in children

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2018年第1期7卷 43-48页

作者： Sowmya Krishnan Michael P Anderson david A Fields Madhusmita Misra Department of Pediatrics University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Harold Hamm Diabetes Center College of Public Health University of Oklahoma Health Science Center Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School

AIM To determine the effect of childhood obesity and insulin resistance on bone health. METHODS We conducted a cross sectional study in pubertal adolescents and young adults 13-20 years old who were either overweight/obese or normal weight. Participants were Tanner 3 or above for pubertal stage, and had fasting blood work done to measure glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein and lipid levels. Homeostatic model of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) was calculated using the formula(Fasting Blood Glucose *Insulin/405). Body composition and bone mineral density were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA; Hologic QDR 4500, Waltham, MA, United Kingdom). RESULTS Percent trunk fat was associated inversely with whole body bone mineral content(BMC), whereas HOMA-IR was associated positively with whole body *** Our results suggest that abdominal adiposity may have an adverse effect on whole body bone parameters and that this effect is not mediated by insulin resistance.

关键词： Obesity Bone mineral density Insulin resistance

Outlook:Sorghum as a feed grain for Australian chicken-meat production

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第1期4卷 17-30页

作者： Peter H.Selle Amy F.Moss Ha H.Truong Ali Khoddami david J.Cadogan Ian D.Godwin Sonia Y.Liu Poultry Research Foundation The University of Sydney Sydney Institute of Agriculture Faculty of ScienceThe University of Sydney Feedworks School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of Queensland

This review is an outlook for sorghum as a feed grain for broiler chickens based on a survey of relevant stake-holders and recent research *** grain sorghum production will probably continue to generate a harvest in the order of 2.5×10~6t of which some 7.9×10~5t will be used as a feed grain for poultry and *** grains are included primarily to provide energy from starch,but energy utilisation by broiler chickens offered sorghum-based diets is relatively inferior,because of incomplete starch ***,the dominant protein fraction,‘non-tannin’phenolic compounds and phytate are 3‘starch extrinsic’factors in sorghum that compromise starch digestibility and energy utilisation in broiler chickens offered sorghum-based *** concentrations in 6 sorghum varieties were negatively correlated with metabolizable energy to gross energy(ME:GE)ratios(r=0.891;P<0.02)or the efficiency of energy utilisation in broiler ***,kafirin proportions of sorghum protein may be increasing with time in *** so,this represents a fundamental challenge to sorghum breeders which presumably could be met by the development of sorghum varieties with different characteristics,especially in relation to the g-and b-kafirin *** sorghum varieties contain lower polyphenol concentrations which should be advantageous as concentrations of total phenolic compounds were negatively correlated to ME:GE ratios(r=0.838;P<0.04)in 6 sorghum *** would be desirable if more white varieties were to become *** is suggested that responses to exogenous phytase in birds offered sorghum-based diets would be more robust if sorghum were to contain lower concentrations of kafirin and phenolic ***,while better sorghum varieties almost certainly could be developed,it may not necessarily follow that they will command a price premium from poultry and pig producers.

关键词： Kafirin Phenolic compounds Phytate Poultry Sorghum Starch

Diabetic neuropathy: An evaluation of the use of quercetin in the cecum of rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第38期19卷 6416-6426页

作者： Paulo Emilio Botura Ferreira Cláudia Regina Pinheiro Lopes Angela Maria Pereira Alves der Paulo Belato Alves david Robert Linden Jacqueline Nelisis Zanoni Nilza Cristina Buttow Department of Morphological Sciences Universidade Estadual de MaringáMaringáPR. CEP 87020-900Brazil Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and Enteric NeuroScience Program Mayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMN 55905United States

AIM:To investigate the effect of quercetin supplementation on the myenteric neurons and glia in the cecum of diabetic ***:Total preparations of the muscular tunic were prepared from the ceca of twenty-four rats divided into the following groups:control(C),control supplemented with quercetin(200 mg/kg quercetin body weight)(CQ),diabetic(D)and diabetic supplemented with quercetin(DQ).Immunohistochemical double staining technique was performed with HuC/D(general population)/nitric oxide synthase(nNOS),HuC-D/S-100and *** analysis of the general neuronal population HuC/D-IR,the nNOS-IR(nitrergic subpopulation)and the enteric glial cells(S-100)was performed,and the morphometry and the reduction in varicosity population(VIP-IR)in these populations were ***:Diabetes promoted a significant reduction(25%)in the neuronal density of the HuC/D-IR(general population)and the nNOS-IR(nitrergic subpopulation)compared with the C *** also significantly increased the areas of neurons,glial cells and VIP-IR *** with quercetin in the DQ group prevented neuronal loss in the general population and increased its area(P<0.001)and the area of nitrergic subpopulation(P<0.001),when compared to C *** induced a VIP-IR and glial cells areas(P<0.001)in DQ group when compared to C,CQ and D ***:In diabetes,quercetin exhibited a neuroprotective effect by maintaining the density of the general neuronal population but did not affect the density of the nNOS subpopulation.

关键词： Diabetes Myenteric plexus Neuroprotection Neuronal nitric oxide synthase Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide Enteric glia

Consensus for prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for neurologists

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2020年第2期5卷 146-151页

作者： Huijuan Jin Candong Hong Shengcai Chen Yifan Zhou Yong Wang Ling Mao Yanan Li Quanwei He Man Li Ying Su david Wang Longde Wang Bo Hu Department of Neurology Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina Neurovascular Division Department of NeurologyBarrow Neurological Institute/Saint Joseph Hospital Medical CenterPhoenixAZUSA Stroke Prevention and Control Steering Committee National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijingChina

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)has become a pandemic disease *** COVID-19 directly invades lungs,it also involves the nervous ***,patients with nervous system involvement as the presenting symptoms in the early stage of infection may easily be misdiagnosed and their treatment *** become silent contagious sources or‘virus spreaders’.In order to help neurologists to better understand the occurrence,development and prognosis,we have developed this consensus of prevention and management of COVID‐*** can also assist other healthcare providers to be familiar with and recognise COVID-19 in their evaluation of patients in the clinic and hospital environment.

关键词： prevention involvement prognosis

Cryopreservation for delayed circulating tumor cell isolation is a valid strategy for prognostic association of circulating tumor cells in gastroesophageal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第7期24卷 810-818页

作者： Daniel Brungs david Lynch Alison WS Luk Elahe Minaei Marie Ranson Morteza Aghmesheh Kara L Vine Martin Carolan Mouhannad Jaber Paul de Souza Therese M Becker Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute University of WollongongWollongong 2500Australia School of Biological Sciences University of WollongongWollongong 2500Australia Illawarra Cancer Centre Wollongong HospitalWollongong 2500Australia CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre New South Wales 2000Australia Centre for Circulating Tumor Cell Diagnostics and Research Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpool HospitalSydney 2170Australia School of Medicine University of Western SydneySydney 2170Australia South Western Medical School University of New South WalesSydney 2170Australia

AIM To demonstrate the feasibility of cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) for prognostic circulating tumor cell(CTC) detection in gastroesophageal *** Using 7.5 m L blood samples collected in EDTA tubes from patients with gastroesopheagal adenocarcinoma, CTCs were isolated by epithelial cell adhesion molecule based immunomagnetic capture using the Iso Flux platform. Paired specimens taken during the same blood draw(n = 15) were used to compare number of CTCs isolated from fresh and cryopreserved PBMCs. Blood samples were processed within 24 h to recover the PBMC fraction, with PBMCs used for fresh analysis immediately processed for CTC isolation. Cryopreservation of PBMCs lasted from 2 wk to 25.2 mo(median 14.6 mo). CTCs isolated from pre-treatment cryopreserved PBMCs(n = 43) were examined for associations with clinicopathological variables and survival *** While there was a significant trend to a decrease in CTC numbers associated with cryopreserved specimens(mean number of CTCs 34.4 vs 51.5, P = 0.04), this was predominately in samples with a total CTC count of > 50, with low CTC count samples less affected(P = 0.06). There was no significant association between the duration of cryopreservation and number of CTCs. In cryopreserved PBMCs from patient samples prior to treatment, a high CTC count(> 17) was associated with poorer overall survival(OS)(n = 43, HR = 4.4, 95%CI: 1.7-11.7, P = 0.0013). In multivariate analysis, after controlling for sex, age, stage, ECOG performance status, and primary tumor location, a high CTC count remained significantly associated with a poorer OS(HR = 3.7, 95%CI: 1.2-12.4, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION PBMC cryopreservation for delayed CTC isolation is a valid strategy to assist with sample collection, transporting and processing.

关键词： Cryopreservation Circulating tumor cells Liquid biopsy Gastroesophageal cancer Gastric cancer

Considerations when using the activPAL monitor in field-based research with adult populations

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第2期6卷 162-178页

作者： Charlotte L.Edwardson Elisabeth A.H.Winkler Danielle H.Bodicoat Tom Yates Melanie J.Davies david W.Dunstan Genevieve N.Healy diabetes research centre leicester general hospitaluniversity of leicesterLeicester LE5 4PWUK nihr leicester-loughborough diet lifestyleand physical activity biomedical research unitLeicester LE5 4PWUK school of population health the university of queenslandBrisbaneQLD 4006Australia baker idi heart and diabetes institute MelbourneVIC 3004Australia school of exercise and nutrition sciences deakin universityBurwoodVIC 3125Australia department of epidemiology and preventive medicine monash universityMelbourneVIC 3800Australia school of sport science exercise and healththe university of western australiaPerthWA 6009Australia central clinical school monash universityMelbourneVIC 3800Australia school of physiotherapy and exercise science curtin universityPerthWA 6102Australia

Research indicates that high levels of sedentary behavior(sitting or lying with low energy expenditure) are adversely associated with health. A key factor in improving our understanding of the impact of sedentary behavior(and patterns of sedentary time accumulation) on health is the use of objective measurement tools that collect date and time-stamped activity information. One such tool is the activP AL monitor. This thigh-worn device uses accelerometer-derived information about thigh position to determine the start and end of each period spent sitting/lying, standing, and stepping, as well as stepping speed, step counts, and postural transitions. The activP AL is increasingly being used within field-based research for its ability to measure sitting/lying via posture. We summarise key issues to consider when using the activP AL in physical activity and sedentary behavior field-based research with adult populations. It is intended that the findings and discussion points be informative for researchers who are currently using activP AL monitors or are intending to use them. Pre-data collection decisions, monitor preparation and distribution, data collection considerations, and manual and automated data processing possibilities are presented using examples from current literature and experiences from 2 research groups from the UK and Australia.

关键词： populations monitor lying collection accelerometer expenditure Australia stepping currently intended