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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第4期10卷 537-539页

作者： Jung Mi Park david c.Hess Departments of Neurology Georgia Regent’s University

The only two treatments effective for acute ischemic stroke are reperfusion therapies. Despite testing of hundreds of neuroprotective agents and treatments, tissue plasminogen activator （tPA）, approved by the Food and Drug Administration （FDA） in 1996, remains the only FDA-approved drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Recently,

关键词： Breaking out from the neuroprotective logjam RIc

When fats commit crimes: fatty acid metabolism, cancer stemness and therapeutic resistance

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cancer communications 2018年第1期38卷 499-510页

作者： ching-Ying kuo david k.Ann Department of clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei 10048TaiwanChina Department of Diabetes complications and Metabolism Diabetes and Metabolism Research InstituteBeckman Research InstituteCity of HopeDuarteCA 91010USA Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences City of HopeDuarteCA 91010USA

The role of fatty acid metabolism,including both anabolic and catabolic reactions in cancer has gained increas-ing attention in recent *** studies have shown that aberrant expression of the genes involved in fatty acid synthesis or fatty acid oxidation correlate with malignant phenotypes including metastasis,therapeutic resistance and *** phenotypes are also strongly associated with the presence of a small percentage of unique cells among the total tumor cell *** distinct group of cells may have the ability to self-renew and propagate or may be able to develop resistance to cancer therapies independent of genetic ***,these cells are referred to as cancer stem cells/tumor-initiating cells/drug-tolerant persisters,which are often refractory to cancer treatment and difficult to ***,interconversion between cancer cells and cancer stem cells/tumor-initiating cells/drug-tolerant persisters may occur and makes treatment even more *** review highlights recent findings on the relationship between fatty acid metabolism,cancer stemness and therapeutic resistance and prompts discussion about the potential mechanisms by which fatty acid metabolism regulates the fate of cancer cells and therapeutic resistance.

关键词： Fatty acid synthesis Fatty acid oxidation Fatty acid metabolism Lipogenic phenotype cancer stem cells Tumor-initiating cells cancer cell plasticity Therapeutic resistance Drug-tolerant persisters

Universal silicon ring resonator for error-free transmission links

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Photonics Research 2024年第4期12卷 701-711页

作者： JUNBO ZHU WEIWEI ZHANG kE LI BHARAT PANT MARTIN EBERT XINGZHAO YAN MEHDI BANAkAR DEHN T.TRAN cALLUM G.LITTLEJOHNS FUWAN GAN GRAHAM REED david J.THOMSON Optoelectronics Research centre University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK National key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated circuits Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Peng cheng Laboratory ShenzhenChina

We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a universal silicon PN junction ring resonator for c band error-free communication links operated up to 50 Gb/s with co-designed optical modulation and detection performance. The universal p-n junction ring device shows co-designed detection responsivity up to 0.84 A/W, in conjunction with a modulation efficiency of -4 V·mm and>8 d B optical modulation extinction ratio, enabling c band 50 Gb/s NRZ communication link with a bit error rate≤3×10^(-12).

关键词： Gb/s resonator communication

The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第3期8卷 201-217页

作者： david c.Nieman Laurel M.Wentz Human Performance Laboratory Appalachian State University North Carolina Research Campus Department of Nutrition and Health care Management Appalachian State University

This review summarizes research discoveries within 4 areas of exercise immunology that have received the most attention from investigators :(1) acute and chronic effects of exercise on the immune system,(2) clinical benefits of the exercise—immune relationship,(3) nutritional influen?ces on the immune response to exercise, and(4) the effect of exercise on immunosenescence. These scientific discoveries can be organized into distinctive time periods: 1900-1979, which focused on exercise-induced changes in basic immune cell counts and function; 1980-1989, during which seminal papers were published with evidence that heavy exertion was associated with transient immune dysfunction, elevated inflammatory biomarkers,and increased risk of upper respiratory tract infections; 1990-2009, when additional focus areas were added to the field of exercise immunology including the interactive effect of nutrition, effects on the aging immune system, and inflammatory cytokines; and 2010 to the present, when technological advances in mass spectrometry allowed system biology approaches(i.e., metabolomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and microbiome characterization) to be applied to exercise immunology studies. The future of exercise irmmunology will take advantage of these technologies to provide new insights on the interactions between exercise, nutrition, and immune function, with application down to the person?alized level. Additionally, these methodologies will improve mechanistic understanding of how exercise-induced immune perturbations reduce the risk of common chronic diseases.

关键词： Aging Exercise Immunology Infection Inflammation Mass Snectrometry Nutrition

A Strong Stability Preserving Analysis for Explicit Multistage Two-Derivative Time-Stepping Schemes Based on Taylor Series conditions

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communications on Applied Mathematics and computation 2019年第1期1卷 21-59页

作者： Zachary Grant Sigal Gottlieb david c.Seal Department of computational and Applied Mathematics Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeUSA Department of Mathematics University of Massachusetts DartmouthDartmouthUSA Department of Mathematics U.S.Naval AcademyAnnapolisUSA

High-order strong stability preserving(SSP)time discretizations are often needed to ensure the nonlinear(and sometimes non-inner-product)strong stability properties of spatial discretizations specially designed for the solution of hyperbolic ***-derivative time-stepping methods have recently been increasingly used for evolving hyperbolic PDEs,and the strong stability properties of these methods are of *** our prior work we explored time discretizations that preserve the strong stability properties of spatial discretizations coupled with forward Euler and a second-derivative ***,many spatial discretizations do not satisfy strong stability properties when coupled with this second-derivative formulation,but rather with a more natural Taylor series *** this work we demonstrate sufficient conditions for an explicit two-derivative multistage method to preserve the strong stability properties of spatial discretizations in a forward Euler and Taylor series *** call these strong stability preserving Taylor series(SSP-TS)*** also prove that the maximal order of SSP-TS methods is p=6,and define an optimization procedure that allows us to find such SSP *** types of these methods are presented and their efficiency ***,these methods are tested on several PDEs to demonstrate the benefit of SSP-TS methods,the need for the SSP property,and the sharpness of the SSP time-step in many cases.

关键词： Strong stability preserving Taylor series.Hyperbolic conservation laws Two derivative Runge kutta

Migratory flight imposes oxidative stress in bats

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current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 147-153页

作者： david cOSTANTiNi Oliver LINDEckE Gunars PETERSONS christian c. VOIGT UMR 7221 cNRS/MNHN Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Sorbonne Universites 7 rue Cuvier Paris 75005 France Department of Biology University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 Antwerp 2610 Belgium Department of Evolutionary Ecology Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Alfred-Kowalke-StraBe 17 Berlin 10315Germany lnstitute of Biology Freie Universitat Berlin Takustr. 6 Berlin 14195 Germany Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies K. Helmaqa & Jelgava LV 3004 Latvia

Many animal species migrate over long distances, but the physiological challenges of migration are poorly understood. It has recently been suggested that increased molecular oxidative damage might be one important challenge for migratory animals. We tested the hypothesis that autumn migration imposes an oxidative challenge to bats by comparing values of 4 blood-based markers of oxidative status (oxidative damage and both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants) between Nathusius' bats Pipistrellus nathusii that were caught during migration flights with those measured in conspecifics after resting for 18 or 24 h. Experiments were carried out at Pape Ornithological Station in Pape (Latvia) in 2016 and 2017. Our results show that flying bats have a blood oxidative status different from that of resting bats due to higher oxidative damage and different expression of both non enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase). The differences in oxidative status markers varied betwee n sampli ng years and were in depende nt from in dividual body con dition or sex. Our work provides evidence that migratory flight might impose acute oxidative stress to bats and that resting helps animals to recover from oxidative damage accrued en route. Our data suggest that migrating bats and birds might share similar strategies of mitigating and recovering from oxidative stress.

关键词： antioxidants mammals oxidative damage stopover stress

Tekcrete Fast~: Fiber-reinforced, rapid-setting sprayed concrete for rib and surface control

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第1期28卷 29-34页

作者： Stephen c.Tadolini Peter S.Mills david R.Burkhard Minova USA IncGeorgetownKYUSA San Juan coal company WaterflowNMUSA

Fiber-reinforced spayed concrete has been used for several years in civil and tunneling *** conducted to reduce cure times and increase compressive and flexural strengths resulted in the development of Tekcrete Fast~, a cementitious product capable of obtaining 41 MPa compressive strength and 8 MPa flexural strength in only 3 h and reaching 7 d strengths of 62 and 11.7 MPa, respectively.A single bag product that uses conventional shotcrete and gunite application systems makes it a natural crossover product for mining *** discovery of incredible adhesion properties and high resistance to chloride permeability helps ensure long-term stability and increases the ease of *** results from Disaster city~ in Texas and the application for rehabilitating a coal mine belt entry are *** case study illustrates the effectiveness of the product in stabilizing a coal mine beltway and adjacent cross-cuts that were subjected to progressive sloughage due to humidity and cyclical loading.

关键词： Sprayed concrete coal mine High strength concrete Polypropylene fiber

Physiological and Growth Responses of c_3 and c_4 Plants to Reduced Temperature When Grown at Low cO_2 of the Last Ice Age

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第11期50卷 1388-1395页

作者： Joy k.Ward david A.Myers Richard B.Thomas Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Department of Biology West Virginia University

During the last ice age, cO2 concentration （[cO2]） was 180-200 umol/mol compared with the modern value of 380 umol/mol, and global temperatures were -8 ℃ cooler. Relatively little is known about the responses of c3 and c4 species to longterm exposure to glacial conditions. Here Abutilon theophrasti Medik. （c3） and Amaranthus retroflexus L. （c4） were grown at 200 umol/mol cO2 with current （30/24℃） and glacial （22/16℃） temperatures for 22d. Overall, the c4 species exhibited a large growth advantage over the c3 species at low [cO2]. However, this advantage was reduced at low temperature, where the c4 species produced 5x the total mass of the c3 species versus 14x at the high temperature. This difference was due to a reduction in c4 growth at low temperature, since the c3 species exhibited similar growth between temperatures. Physiological differences between temperatures were not detected for either species, although photorespiration/net photosynthesis was reduced in the c3 species grown at low temperature, suggesting evidence of improved carbon balance at this treatment. This system suggests that c4 species had a growth advantage over c3 species during low [cO2] of the last ice age, although concurrent reductions in temperatures may have reduced this advantage.

关键词： Abutilon theophrasti Amaranthus retroflexus c3 species c4 species climate change low cO2 low temperature photorespiration Pleistocene.

Autophagic activity in neuronal cell death

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2015年第4期31卷 382-394页

作者： Robert W.Button Shouqing Luo david c.Rubinsztein Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry Institute of Translational and Stratified MedicineUniversity of Plymouth Department of Medical Genetics Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of Cambridge

As post-mitotic cells with great energy demands, neurons depend upon the homeostatic and waste-recycling functions provided by autophagy. In addition, autophagy also promotes survival during periods of harsh stress and targets aggregate-prone proteins associated with neurodegeneration for degradation. Despite this, autophagy has also been controversially described as a mechanism of programmed cell death. Instances of autophagic cell death are typically associated with elevated numbers of cytoplasmic autophagosomes, which have been assumed to lead to excessive degradation of cellular components. Due to the high activity and reliance on autophagy in neurons, these cells may be particularly susceptible to autophagic death. In this review, we summarize and assess current evidence in support of autophagic cell death in neurons, as well as how the dysregulation of autophagy commonly seen in neurodegeneration can contribute to neuron loss. From here, we discuss potential treatment strategies relevant to such cell-death pathways.

关键词： autophagy autophagic cell death programmed cell death apoptosis necrosis autosis neurodegeneration

Identifying coastal towns and small cities in Denmark using global population data to support climate change adaptation

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第9期13卷 1040-1054页

作者： James M.Fitton Martin Lehmann david c.Major Department of Planning Aalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark The Earth Institute Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

coastal settlements face many hazards from climate ***,there has been extensive focus on developing and implementing ***,these efforts have prodominantly centred on larger *** towns and small cities(urban areas between 1000 and 100,000 people)have received little attention,despite experiencing a number of barriers to *** absence of information on the global scale of the adaptation challenge within coastal towns and small cities may have contributed to these settlements being *** paper develops a method that can be used to estimate the numbers,sizes,and locations of coastal towns and small cities worldwide from global population data(Global Human Settlement data).Denmark is used as a pilot for this method with settlements over 1000 people classified with relatively high *** method developed here represents a potentially fruitful approach to supporting coastal adaptation,as coastal towns and small cities are identifiable globally,they can be classified into *** will support an assessment of their risk to coastal hazards,and could facilitate knowledge and practice sharing between similar coastal towns and small cities.

关键词： climate change adaptation global data coastal hazards Denmark small urban areas