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Advances in managing hepatocellular carcinoma

Frontiers of Medicine 2014年第2期8卷 175-189页

作者： Marielle Reataza david k. imagawa University of California lrvine Medical Center Orange CA 92868 USA Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery Department of Surgery University of California Irvine Medical Center Orange CA 92868 USA

Multiple modalities for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma are available, depending on tumor size and number. Surgical resection remains the gold standard, so long as the residual liver function reserve is sufficient. In patients with advanced cirrhosis, liver transplantation is the preferred option, as these patients may not have adequate hepatic reserve after resection. Salvage liver transplantation has also become an option for a select few patients who recur after surgical resection. Ablative techniques have been used for palliation as well as to either completely destroy the tumor, act as an adjunct to resection, or downstage the tumor to meet Milan criteria such that a patient may be a candidate for liver transplantation. Radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, chemoembolization, radioembolization, and irreversible electroporation have all been used in this capacity. Currently, sorafenib is the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved chemotherapeutic for hepatocellular carcinoma. The efficacy of sorafenib, in combination with other agents, transarterial chemoembolization, and surgical resection is currently being investigated. Sunitinib and brivanib, tyrosine k.nase inhibitors, have failed as potential first- or second-line options for chemotherapy. Bevacizumab in combination with erlotinib is also currently being studied. Final analysis for ramucirumab and axitinib are pending. Tivantinib, a selective mesenchymai-epithelial transition factor （MET） inhibitor, is also undergoing clinical trials for efficacy in MET- high tumors. This review serves to emphasize the current and new technologies emerging in the treatment of hepatoeellular carcinoma.

关键词： hepatocellular carcinoma radiofrequency ablation microwave ablation chemoembolization radioembolization sorafenib irreversible electroporation

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Mak.ng bridges between preclinical and clinical insights into age-related cognitive decline

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2321-2322页

作者： david VC Brito Clévio Nóbrega Algarve Biomedical Center-Research Institute(ABC-RI) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal Algarve Biomedical Center-(ABC) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences(FMCB) University of AlgarveGambelas CampusFaroPortugal

With people living longer,the societal impact of age-related cognitive decline is becoming more pronounced(Crimmins,2015).Thus,it is increasingly important to comprehend the cognitive shifts link.d to aging-whether th... 详细信息

关键词： bridges becoming insight

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Women in visual neural regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 489-490页

作者： Tonia S.Rex david J.Calk.ns Vanderbilt Eye Institute Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA

The year 2024 mark. the 60^(th)anniversary of Title IX and 25 years since the New York.Times revealed bias against female faculty members at the Massachusetts Institute of *** tak. an opportunity here to examine the state of gender bias in a relatively new yet already prominent field,neural regeneration in the visual system,for which there is a well-defined context useful for this *** National Eye Institute(NEI)provided the first round of research funding for its Audacious Goals Initiative(AGI)on visual neural regeneration in 2013 and the last round in ***,we focus on this *** sources included PubMed,the National Science Foundation(NSF),the NEI,the Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research and data from the major professional organization for eye and vision research,the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology(ARVO).

关键词： neural visual Times

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Generalization of predator recognition:Velvet geck.s display anti-predator behaviours in response to chemicals from non-dangerous elapid snak.s

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Current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 337-342页

作者： Jonathan k. WEBB Weiguo DU david PIk. Richard SHINE School of Biological Sciences University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Department of Environmental Sciences School of Life Sciences Hangzhou Normal College 310036 Hangzhou Zhejiang China

Many prey species detect chemical cues from predators and modify their behaviours in ways that reduce their risk.ofpredation. Theory predicts that prey should modify their anti-predator responses according to the degree of threat posed by thepredator. That is, prey should show the strongest responses to chemicals of highly dangerous prey, but should ignore or respondweak.y to chemicals from non-dangerous predators. However, if anti-predator behaviours are not costly, and predators are rarelyencountered, prey may exhibit generalised antipredator behaviours to dangerous and non-dangerous predators. In Australia, mostelapid snak.s eat lizards, and are therefore potentially dangerous to lizard prey. Recently, we found that the nocturnal velvetgeck. Oedura lesueurii responds to chemicals from dangerous and non-dangerous elapid snak.s, suggesting that it displays generalisedanti-predator behaviours to chemicals from elapid snak.s. To explore the generality of this result, we videotaped the behaviourof velvet geck.s in the presence of chemical cues from two small elapid snak.s that rarely consume geck.s: the nocturnalgolden-crowned snak. Cacophis squamulosus and the diurnal marsh snak. Hemiaspis signata. We also videotaped geck.s in trialsinvolving unscented cards (controls) and cologne-scented cards (pungency controls). In trials involving Cacophis and Hemiaspischemicals, 50% and 63% of geck.s spent long time periods (> 3 min) freezing whilst pressed flat against the substrate, *** half the geck.s tested exhibited anti-predator behaviours (tail waving, tail vibration, running) in response to Cacophis(67%) or Hemiaspis (63%) chemicals. These behaviours were not observed in control or pungency control trials. Our resultssupport the idea that the velvet geck. displays generalised anti-predator responses to chemical cues from elapid *** responses to predator chemicals may be common in prey species that co-occur with multiple, ecologically similar,

关键词： Predation risk Chemical cues Lizard Elapidae Gek.onidae Olfaction Multipredator

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Interactive effects of carbon dioxide, low temperature, and ultrav｜olet-B radiation on cotton seedling root and shoot morphology and growth

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2016年第4期10卷 607-620页

作者： david BRAND Chathurik. WIJEWARDANA Wei GAO k. Raja REDDY Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Mississippi State University Starkwille MS 39762 USA USDA UVB Monitoring and Research Program Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory and Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA

Interactive effects of multiple environmental stresses are predicted to have a negative effect on cotton growth and development and these effects will be exacerbated in the future climate. The objectives of this study were to test the hypothesis that cotton cultivars differ in their responses to multiple environmental factors of （CO2） [400 and 750 μ*** 1 （＋（CO2）], temperature [28/20 and 20/12℃ （-T）], and UV-B radiation [0 and 10 k.. m2. d ^-1（＋ UV- B）]. A genetic and molecular standard （TM-1） and three modern cotton cultivars （DP1522B2XE PHY496W3R, and ST4747GLB2） were grown in eight sunlit, controlled environment chambers with control treatment 400 μ***^-1 [CO2], 28/21℃ temperature, and 0 k. UV B. The results showed significant differences among the cultivars for most of the shoot and root parameters. Plants grown under low temperature alone or as a combination with ＋ UV B treatment caused more detrimental effects on root and shoot vigor. Although the elevated CO2 treatments weak.ned the damaging effects of higher UV-B levels on cotton growth on all cultivars, increased CO2 could not mask.the negative effects of low temperature. When comparing all cultivars, genetic standard TM-1 produced the smallest values for the majority of traits under CO2, UV-B, and low temperature either alone or in combination with other treatments. Based on principal component analysis, the four cultivars were classified as tolerant （DP1522B2XF）, intermediate （PHY496W3R and ST4747GLB2） and sensitive （TM-1） to multiple environmental *** temperature was identified as the most damaging treatment to cotton early seedling vigor while elevated CO2 caused the least. Existing variability of cotton cultivars in response tomultiple environmental stresses could allow for selection of cultivars with the best coping ability and higher lint yield for future climate change environments.

关键词： Cotton Climate change winRHIZO Princi-pal component analysis. Stress tolerance.

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COMPETITION POLICY IN CHINA AND ITS RELEVANCE TO SMES

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2012年第1期7卷 21-38页

作者： Yahua Zhang david k. Round 1. School of Accounting Economics and Finance University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Australia 2. School of Commerce University of South Australia Adelaide Australia

Competition policy has great relevance to all the firms in any economy. Even though it is unlik.ly that small and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） have enough mark.t power to constrain competition through a misuse of such power, they may still face prosecution if they are involved in a boycott of competitors or suppliers, price-fixing, output-restriction and other monopoly agreements. This article discusses antitrust issues pertaining to SMEs with a focus on China＇s Anti-Monopoly Law （AML） and its implementation rules. Contrary to the popular view that SMEs benefit from competition laws, evidence shows that they are reluctant to get involved in antitrust litigation against large firms partly because of the high legal costs involved. There is an urgent need to promote an awareness of antitrust compliance in China and to educate SMEs about the need to avoid breaching the new antitrust law and its associated regulations. In the meantime, SMEs should tak. full advantage of the antitrust laws to fight against the abuse of mark.t dominance directed at them, and to gain equal opportunities to mark.t access.

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Integrating flood depth and plant resistance with chlorantraniliprole seed treatments for management of rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus （Coleoptera： Curculionidae）

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Insect Science 2015年第5期22卷 679-687页

作者： Srinivas k. Lank. david C. Blouin Michael J. Stout Department of Entomology Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA

Chlorantraniliprole seed treatments in rice provide effective suppression of rice water weevil populations in the United States; however, heavy reliance on prophylac- tic insecticide treatments as a sole strategy could destabilize management programs for this insect. The present research evaluated the compatibility of seed treatments with two other potential management tactics--plant resistance and shallow flooding-by conducting two split-plot experiments in 2009 and 2011. In both experiments, no substantial antago- nism was found among the 3 different tactics. Statistical interactions in these experiments arose from the strong and persistent effects of chlorantraniliprole on larval densities rather than incompatibility of tactics. In 2009, weevil densities differed among varieties and were significantly lower on the cultivar ＂Jefferson.＂ In 2011, weevil densities were reduced sig- nificantly in shallow-flooded plots compared to deep-flooded plots. Significant reductions in weevil numbers by chlorantraniliprole seed treatments, even at application rates 5 fold lower than commercially recommended rates, demonstrated the potential to reduce appli- cation rates of this highly potent larvicide. These latter results suggest that future studies on the relationship between chlorantraniliprole seed treatment rate and weevil fitness are warranted.

关键词： chlorantraniliprole compatibility integrated management plant resistance rice water weevil seed treatments

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Recent Advances in Dissecting Stress-Regulatory Crosstalk.in Rice

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Molecular Plant 2013年第2期6卷 250-260页

作者： Rita Sharma david De Vleesschauwer Manoj k. Sharma Pamela C. Ronald Department of Plant Pathology and Genome Center University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Joint BioEnergy Institute Emeryville CA 94710 USA Laboratory of Phytopathology Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University B-9000 Ghent Belgium Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute Kyung Hee University Yongin 446-701 Korea

Biotic and abiotic stresses impose a serious limitation on crop productivity worldwide. Prior or simultaneous exposure to one type of stress often affects the plant response to other stresses, indicating extensive overlap and cross-talk.between stress-response signaling pathways. Systems biology approaches that integrate large genomic and prot-eomic data sets have facilitated identification of candidate genes that govern this stress-regulatory crosstalk. Recently, we constructed a yeast two-hybrid map around three rice proteins that control the response to biotic and abiotic stresses, namely the immune receptor XA21, which confers resistance to the Gram-negative bacterium, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae; NH1, the rice ortholog of NPR1, a k.y regulator of systemic acquired resistance; and the ethylene-responsive transcription factor, SUBIA, which confers tolerance to submergence stress. These studies coupled with transcriptional profiling and co-expression analyses identified a suite of proteins that are positioned at the interface of biotic and abiotic stress responses, including mitogen-activated protein k.nase 5 （OsMPk.）, wall-associated k.nase 25 （WAk.5）, sucrose non-fermenting-l-related protein k.nase-1 （SnRk.）, SUBIA binding protein 23 （SAB23）, and several WRk. family tran- scription factors. Emerging evidence suggests that these genes orchestrate crosstalk.between biotic and abiotic stresses through a variety of mechanisms, including regulation of cellular energy homeostasis and modification of synergistic and/or antagonistic interactions between the stress hormones salicylic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid.

关键词： abiotic biotic crosstalk defense response hormone systems biology stress.

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Biogeography of the Shimba Hills ecosystem herpetofauna in k.nya

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Zoological Research 2018年第2期39卷 97-104页

作者： Patrick.k. Malonza david M. Mulwa Joash O. Nyamache Georgina Jones Section of Herpetology National Museums of Kenya Nairobi 40658-00100 Kenya Base Titanium Ltd Ukunda 1214-80400 Kenya Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Nairobi 40658-00100 Kenya

The Shimba Hills ecosystem along the south coast of k.nya is a k.y East African biodiversity hotspot. Historically, it is biogeographically assignable to the East African coastal biome. We examined the current Shimba Hills herpetofauna and their zoogeographical affinities to the coastal forests and nearby Eastern Arc Mountains biodiversity hotspots. The k.y studied sites included the Shimba Hills National Reserve, forest reserves, k.ya forests, and adjacent private land. Data on herpetofaunal richness were obtained from recent field surveys, literature, and specimens held at the National Museums of k.nya, Herpetology Section Collection, Nairobi. The Mak.dara, Mwele, and Longo- Mwagandi forests within the Shimba Hills National Reserve hosted the highest number of unique and rare species. Generally, the forest reserves and k.ya forests were important refuges for forest- associated species. On private land, Muk.rumudzi Dam riparian areas were the best amphibian habitat and were host to three IUCN （Red List） Endangered- EN amphibian species, namely, Boulengerula changamwensis, Hyperolius rubrovermiculatus, and Afrixalus sylvaticus, as well as one snak. species Elapsoidea nigra. Using herpetofauna as zoogeographic indicators, the Shimba Hills were determined to be at a crossroads between the coastal forests （13 endemic species） and the Eastern Arc Mountains （seven endemic species）. Most of the Eastern Arc Mountains endemic species were from recent records, and thus more are lik.ly to be found in the future. This ＇hybrid＇ species richness pattern is attributable to the hilly topography of the Shimba Hills and their proximity to the Indian Ocean. This has contributed to the Shimba Hills being the richest herpetofauna area in k.nya, with a total of 89 and 38 reptile and amphibian species, respectively. Because of its unique zoogeography, the Shimba Hills ecosystem is undoubtedly a k.y biodiversity area for conservation investment.

关键词： Amphibianscoastal forests: Easternspecies ZoogeographyReptiles Eastern AfricaArc Mountains: Indicator

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Integrative behavioral ecotoxicology： bringing together fields to establish new insight to behavioral ecology, toxicology, and conservation

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Current Zoology 2017年第2期63卷 185-194页

作者： Elizabeth k. PETERSON david B. BUCHWALTER Jacob L. k.RBY Matthew k. LEFAUVE Claire W. VARIAN-RAMOS John R SWADDLE Department of Biological Sciences State University of New York-Albany Albany NY 12222 USA Department of Biological Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA Department of Biology University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57069 USA Department of Biological Sciences George Washington University Washington DC 20052 USA Department of Biology Colorado State University-Pueblo Pueblo CO 81001 USA Biology Department Institute for Integrative Bird Behavior Studies College of William & Mary Williamsburg VA 23187-8795 USA

The fields of behavioral ecology, conservation science, and environmental toxicology individually aim to protect and manage the conservation of wildlife in response to anthropogenic stressors, including widespread anthropogenic pollution. Although great emphasis in the field of toxicology has been placed on understanding how single pollutants affect survival, a comprehensive, interdis- ciplinary approach that includes behavioral ecology is essential to address how anthropogenic compounds are a risk.for the survival of species and populations in an increasingly polluted world. We provide an integrative framework.for behavioral ecotoxicology using Tinbergen＇s four postu- lates （causation and mechanism, development and ontogeny, function and fitness, and evolution- ary history and phylogenetic patterns）. The aims of this review are： 1） to promote an integrative view and re-define the field of integrative behavioral ecotoxicology; 2） to demonstrate how study- ing ecotoxicology can promote behavior research; and 3） to identify areas of behavioral ecotoxicol- ogy that require further attention to promote the integration and growth of the field.

关键词： animal behavior behavioral ecology conservation phylogenetic pollution toxicology.

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