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Shoot and root traits in drought tolerant maize(Zea mays L.) hybrids

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第5期17卷 1093-1105页

作者： ZHAO Jin XUE Qing-wu kirk E Jessup HOU Xiao-bo HAO Bao-zhen Thomas H Marek XU Wen-wei Steven R Evett Susan A O'Shaughnessy david k brauer Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Amarillo TX 79106 USA Department of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences University of Arizona AZ 85721 USA School of Science and Technology Xinxiang University Xinxiang 453003 P.R.China Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center at Lubbock TX 79403 USA USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory TX 79012 USA

This study aimed to investigate the differences in shoot and root traits, and water use and water use efficiency（WUE） in drought tolerant（DT） maize（Zea mays L.） hybrids under full and deficit irrigated conditions. A two-year greenhouse study was conducted with four hybrids（one conventional hybrid, 33D53AM, two commercial DT hybrids, P1151 AM, N75H, and an experimental hybrid, Exp HB） grown under two water regimes（I（100） and I（50）, referring to 100 and 50% of evapotranspiration requirements）. Under water stress, the hybids P1151 AM, N75, and Exp HB showed more drought tolerance and had either greater shoot dry weight or less dry weight reduction than the conventional hybrid（33 D53 AM）. However, these three hybrids responded to water stress using different mechanisms. Compared with the conventional hybrid, the two commercial DT hybrids（P1151 AM and N75H） had a smaller leaf area, shoot dry weight, and root system per plant. As a result, these hybrids used less water but had a higher WUE compared with the conventional hybrid. In contrast, the experimental hybrid（ExpHB） produced more shoot biomass by silking stage at both irrigation levels than all other hybrids, but it had relatively lower WUE. The hybrids demonstrated different drought response mechanisms that may require different irrigation management strategies. More investigation and validation are needed under field conditions and in different soil types.

关键词： drought tolerant hybrid rooting characteristics water use water use efficiency

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Exceedance Probability of the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index in the Texas High Plains

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Agricultural Sciences 2017年第8期8卷 783-800页

作者： Jerry E. Moorhead Gary W. Marek Prasanna H. Gowda Thomas H. Marek Dana O. Porter Vijay P. Singh david k. brauer Conservation and Production Research Laboratory USDA-ARS Bushland TX USA Grazinglands Research Laboratory USDA-ARS El Reno OK USA Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Texas A&M AgriLife Research Amarillo TX USA Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Service Lubbock TX USA Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Drought is a common occurrence in many arid and semi-arid regions that can have large negative impacts on water resources and agricultural production. Since agricultural drought is affected by both water supply and demand (precipitation and evapotranspiration), it is beneficial to include both in agricultural drought monitoring. The Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was found to be a suitable drought index for monitoring agricultural drought. In this study, the SPEI calculated from agro-meteorological weather stations was used to determine exceedance probabilities at five levels in the Texas High Plains. In addition, the kriging method was used to interpolate between the stations to generate spatial maps for the exceedance probabilities. No significant differences were found between stations, indicating any station should be suitable to represent the Texas High Plains. Results showed drought conditions occurred at all five probability levels during the summer growing season for this region. Although differences were not significantly different, the interpolated maps showed a trend where minor differences in the SPEI values were associated with the West-East precipitation gradient. However, there was no trend associated with the North-South air temperature gradient. A risk analysis showed that the SPEI probability values can provide policy and decision makers with additional information for better water management in the Texas High Plains.

关键词： Drought Semi-Arid Region Water Management Irrigation

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The role of seaweed as a potential dietary supplementation for enteric methane mitigation in ruminants: Challenges and opportunities

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1371-1387页

作者： Byeng R.Min david Parker david brauer Heidi Waldrip Catherine Lockard kristin Hales Alexia Akbay Simona Augyte College of Agriculture Environment and Nutrition SciencesTuskegee UniversityTuskegeeAL 36088USA United States Department of Agriculture(USDA) Agriculture Research Service(ARS)2300 Experiment Station Dr.BushlandTX 79012USA Department of Animal and Food Sciences Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX 79409USA Symbrosia Inc Kailua-KonaHI 96740USA

Seaweeds are macroalgae,which can be of many different morphologies,sizes,colors,and chemical *** include brown,red,and green *** seaweeds have been more investigated and exploited in comparison to other seaweed types for their use in animal feeding studies due to their large sizes and ease of *** in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that plant secondary compound-containing seaweeds(e.g.,halogenated compounds,phlorotannins,etc.)have the potential to mitigate enteric methane(CH_(4))emissions from ruminants when added to the diets of beef and dairy *** seaweeds including Asparagopsis *** rich in crude protein and halogenated compounds compared to brown and green *** halogenated-containing red seaweeds are used as the active ingredient in ruminant diets,bromoform concentration can be used as an indicator of antimethanogenic ***-containing brown seaweed has also the potential to decrease CH_(4) ***,numerous studies examined the possible anti-methanogenic effects of marine seaweeds with inconsistent *** work reviews existing data associated with seaweeds and in vitro and in vivo rumen fermentation,animal performance,and enteric CH4 emissions in *** understanding of the seaweed supplementation related to rumen fermentation and its effect on animal performance and CH_(4) emissions in ruminants may lead to novel strategies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions while improving animal productivity.

关键词： Seaweed Bromoform Methane Phlorotannins Ruminant Cattle

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Dietary mitigation of enteric methane emissions from ruminants:A review of plant tannin mitigation options

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第3期6卷 231-246页

作者： Byeng R.Min Sandra Solaiman Heidi M.Waldrip david Parker Richard W.Todd david brauer United States Department of Agriculture(USDA) Agricultural Research Service(ARS)BushlandTX79012USA Tuskegee University TuskegeeAL36088USA

Methane gas from livestock production activities is a significant source of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions which have been shown to influence climate *** technologies offer a potential to manipulate the rumen biome through genetic selection reducing CH4 *** production may also be mitigated to varying degrees by various dietary intervention *** to reduce GHG emissions need to be developed which increase ruminant production efficiency whereas reducing production of CH4 from cattle,sheep,and *** emissions may be efficiently mitigated by manipulation of natural ruminal microbiota with various dietary interventions and animal production efficiency *** some CH4 abatement strategies have shown efficacy in vivo,more research is required to make any of these approaches pertinent to modern animal production *** objective of this review is to explain how anti-methanogenic compounds(e.g.,plant tannins)affect ruminal microbiota,reduce CH4 emission,and the effects on host ***,this review provides information relevant to understanding the impact of tannins on methanogenesis,which may provide a cost-effective means to reduce enteric CH4 production and the influence of ruminant animals on global GHG emissions.

关键词： Feed efficiency Greenhouse gas(GHG)emission Methanogenesis Tannin Ruminant

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A co-interaction model of HIV and syphilis infection among gay,bisexual and other men who have sex with men

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 855-870页

作者： Jummy Funke david Viviane Dias Lima Jielin Zhu Fred brauer Department of Mathematics University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z2Canada British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS St.Paul’s HospitalVancouverBCV6Z 1Y6Canada Department of Interdisciplinary Studies University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z3Canada

We developed a mathematical model to study the co-interaction of HIV and syphilis infection among gay,bisexual and other men who have sex with men(gbMSM).We qualitatively analysed the model and established necessary conditions under which disease-free and endemic equilibria are asymptotically *** gave analytical expressions for the reproduction number,and showed that whenever the reproduction numbers of sub-models and co-interaction model are less than unity,the epidemics die out,while epidemics persist when they are greater than *** presented numerical simulations of the full model and showed qualitative changes of the dynamics of the full model to changes in the transmission *** numerical simulations using a set of reasonable parameter values showed that:(a)both diseases die out or co-exist whenever their reproduction number is less than or exceed unity.(b)HIV infection impacts syphilis prevalence negatively and vice versa.(c)one possibility of lowering the co-infection of HIV and syphilis among gbMSM is to increase both testing and treatment rates for syphilis and HIV infection,and decrease the rate at which HIV infected individuals go off treatment.

关键词： HIV Syphilis Mathematical model gbMSM Reproduction number Testing and treatment Stability

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母亲颗粒物空气污染暴露与足月出生体重:效应与异质性的多国评估

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环境与职业医学 2013年第6期30卷 470-470页

作者： Payam Dadvand Jennifer Parker Michelle L. Bell Matteo Bonzini Michael brauer Lyndsey A. Darrow Ulrike Gehring Svetlana V. Glinianaia Nelson Gouveia Eun-hee Ha Jong Han Leem Edith H. van den Hooven Bin Jalaludin Bill M. Jesdale Johanna Lepeule Rachel Morello-Frosch Geoffrey G. Morgan Angela Cecilia Pesatori Frank H. Pierik Tanja Pless-Mulloli david Q. Rich Sheela Sathyanarayana Juhee Seo Rémy Slama Matthew Strickland Lillian Tamburic Daniel Wartenberg Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen Tracey J. Woodruff

[背景]越来越多的证据显示,母亲空气污染暴露与对胎儿生长的不良影响之间存在关联;但是,现有的文献并不一致。[目的]研究9个国家14个中心的数据,量化母亲颗粒物空气污染暴露与足月出生体重和低出生体重(LBW)之间的关联,并探讨此关联中... 详细信息

[背景]越来越多的证据显示,母亲空气污染暴露与对胎儿生长的不良影响之间存在关联;但是,现有的文献并不一致。[目的]研究9个国家14个中心的数据,量化母亲颗粒物空气污染暴露与足月出生体重和低出生体重(LBW)之间的关联,并探讨此关联中地点特征和暴露评估方法对中心之间异质性的影响。[方法]空气污染与妊娠结局国际合作(ICAPPO)的各中心采用共同的分析方案,对PM10和PM2.5(颗粒物≤10和2.5μm)与足月LBW和连续出生体重进行效应评估。采用meta分析将各个中心(~300万例出生)的效应评估结合起来,并采用meta回归分析在报告的效应评估中,中心特征和暴露评估方法对中心之间异质性的影响。[结果]随机效应meta分析显示,调整母亲的社会经济地位后,在整个妊娠期间,足月LBW与PM10[比值比(OR)=1.03;95%CI:1.01~1.05]和PM2.5[OR=1.10;95%CI:1.03~1.18]每增加10μg/m3呈正相关。在充分调整随机效应的meta分析中,作为一个连续性的结果,PM10暴露每增加10μg/m3与足月出生体重呈负相关(-8.9g;95%CI:-13.2^-4.6 g)。meta回归分析显示,具有较高平均PM2.5水平和PM2.5∶PM10比率的中心,以及采用时间暴露评估(与时空相比)的中心,所报告的关联更强。[结论]在研究人群中,母亲颗粒物污染暴露与足月LBW相关联。有3个地点特征和暴露评估方法学方面的不同导致各个中心报告的关联的差异。

关键词：空气污染胎儿生长异质性 ICAPPO 低出生体重 meta分析 meta回归多中心研究颗粒物妊娠

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