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Functional Outcomes of Adult Tibia Shaft Fractures Treated with Solid Intramedullary Nails versus Hollow Nails: A Systematic Review

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第3期14卷 149-172页

作者： Kwadwo Aning Abu Bernard Hammond Mohammed Issah Suglo Bukari Kizito Kakra Vormawor Ronald Awoonor-Williams david Anyitey-Kokor Paa Kwesi Baidoo Dominic Konadu-Yeboah Department of Orthopaedics St. John of God Hospital Duayaw Nkwanta Ghana Directorate of Trauma and Orthopaedics Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Department of Surgery Tamale Teaching Hospital Tamale Ghana Department of Orthopadics and Trauma Seventh Day Adventist Hospital Asamang Ghana

Introduction: The management of fractures of the tibia shaft is an important aspect of orthopaedic care, and the selection of the surgical method for fixation can substantially impact patient outcomes. The current review aims to compare the outcomes of adult tibia fractures treated with solid nails to those treated with hollow nails. Methods: A search on Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library, using three keywords (Outcome, Tibia shaft fractures, Nail) was conducted in April 2023. Results were compiled and two independent reviewers screened and selected eligible articles After removing duplicates, titles and abstracts were read to exclude ineligible studies. Full-text articles of the remaining papers were read to select eligible studies which were further critically appraised to ascertain their methodological quality. The data extracted from the selected papers were synthesized using a combination of pooling of results, tests of statistical difference (t-test and chi-square) and narrative synthesis methods. Results: A total of 2295 articles were obtained from the databases and citation searching. A total of 9 papers were identified as eligible and included in the review. Findings revealed that there is no statistical difference in the outcomes of tibia fractures treated with either solid or hollow nail groups such as duration of surgery (p = 0.541), rate of delayed and non-union (p = 0.342), and rate of surgical site infections (p = 0.395). Conclusion: Intramedullary nailing of tibia shaft fractures with either solid or hollow nails have similar functional outcomes.

关键词： Tibia Shaft Fractures Functional Outcome SIGN Nail Hollow Nail

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The Transference Number

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2022年第2期5卷 366-369页

作者： Kevin W.Gao Chao Fang david M.halat Aashutosh Mistry john Newman Nitash P.Balsara Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Joint Center for Energy Storage Research Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA

The performance of rechargeable batteries and other electrochemical systems depends on the rate at which the working ion(often a cation)is transported from one electrode to the *** cation transference number is an important transport parameter that affects this *** purpose of this perspective is to distinguish between approximate and rigorous methods used in the literature to measure the transference *** emphasize the fact that this parameter is dependent on the reference frame used in the analysis;care must be taken when comparing values obtained from different sources to account for differences in reference *** present data obtained from a well-characterized *** compare rigorously determined transference numbers in two reference frames with values obtained by an approximate *** conclude with a qualitative discussion of the relationship between the transference number and salt concentration gradients that are obtained when current is drawn through a battery。

关键词： battery electrolytes concentrated solution theory ion transport reference frames transference number

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Basic Techniques in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

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中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 2000年第S1期10卷 2-3页

作者： david W. Kennedy md University of Pennsylvania Health System Department of Otolaryngology

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Prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate for ultra- acute ischaemic stroke: data from the RIGHT- 2 randomised sham- controlled ambulance trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： Jason Philip Appleton Lisa J Woodhouse Craig S Anderson Sandeep Ankolekar Lesley Cala Mark Dixon Timothy J England Kailash Krishnan Grant Mair Keith W Muir john Potter Christopher I Price Marc Randall Thompson G Robinson Christine Roffe Else C Sandset Jeffrey L Saver Angela Shone Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena Joanna M Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg Philip M Bath Stroke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Applied HealthResearch University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK Stroke Trials Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Faculty of Medicine The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George Institute China at Peking University Health Science Center BeijingChina Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust NottinghamUK Stroke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK Institute of Neurology and Psychology University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob Champion Research and Education Building University of East AngliaNorwichUK Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Department of Neurology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Stroke Research in Stoke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK Department of Neurology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Research and Development Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Research and Graduate Services University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Community and Health Research Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Background The effect of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN,a nitrovasodilator)on clinical outcome when administered before hospital admission in suspected stroke patients is ***,we assess the safety and efficacy of GTN in the prespecified subgroup of patients who had an ischaemic stroke within the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2(RIGHT-2).Methods RIGHT-2 was an ambulance-based multicentre sham-controlled blinded-endpoint study with patients randomised within 4hours of *** primary outcome was a shift in scores on the modified Rankin scale(mRS)at day *** outcomes included death;a global analysis(Wei-Lachin test)containing Barthel Index,EuroQol-5D,mRS,telephone interview for cognitive status-modified and Zung depression scale;and neuroimaging-determined‘brain frailty’*** were reported as n(%),mean(SD),median[IQR],adjusted common OR(acOR),mean difference or Mann-Whitney difference(MWD)with 95%*** 597 of 1149(52%)patients had a final diagnosis of ischaemic stroke;age 75(12)years,premorbid mRS>2107(18%),Glasgow Coma Scale 14(2)and time from onset to randomisation 67[45,108]***‘brain frailty’was common:median score 2[2,3](range 0–3).At day 90,GTN did not influence the primary outcome(acOR for increased disability 1.15,95%CI 0.85 to 1.54),death or global analysis(MWD 0.00,95%CI-0.10 to 0.09).In subgroup analyses,there were non-significant interactions suggesting GTN may be associated with more death and dependency in participants randomised within 1hour of symptom onset and in those with more severe *** In patients who had an ischaemic stroke,ultra-acute administration of transdermal GTN in the ambulance did not improve clinical outcomes in a population with more clinical and radiological frailty than seen in previous in-hospital *** IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC⇒Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)was associat-ed with less death and dependency in those w

关键词： Glasgow nitrate random

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Analyzing machine learning models to accelerate generation of fundamental materials insights

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 858-866页

作者： Mitsutaro Umehara Helge S.Stein Dan Guevarra Paul F.Newhouse david A.Boyd john M.Gregoire Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91125USA Future Mobility Research Department Toyota Research Institute of North AmericaAnn ArborMI 48105USA

Machine learning for materials science envisions the acceleration of basic science research through automated identification of key data relationships to augment human interpretation and gain scientific understanding.A primary role of scientists is extraction of fundamental knowledge from data,and we demonstrate that this extraction can be accelerated using neural networks via analysis of the trained data model itself rather than its application as a prediction *** neural networks excel at modeling complex data relationships in multi-dimensional parameter spaces,such as that mapped by a combinatorial materials science *** a performance metric in a given materials space provides direct information about(locally)optimal materials but not the underlying materials science that gives rise to the variation in *** building a model that predicts performance(in this case photoelectrochemical power generation of a solar fuels photoanode)from materials parameters(in this case composition and Raman signal),subsequent analysis of gradients in the trained model reveals key data relationships that are not readily identified by human inspection or traditional statistical *** interpretation of these key relationships produces the desired fundamental understanding,demonstrating a framework in which machine learning accelerates data interpretation by leveraging the expertize of the human *** also demonstrate the use of neural network gradient analysis to automate prediction of the directions in parameter space,such as the addition of specific alloying elements,that may increase performance by moving beyond the confines of existing data.

关键词： neural prediction desired

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Preface to the Special Issue on Antarctic Meteorology and Climate:Past,Present and Future

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第5期37卷 421-422页

作者： Jiping LIU david BROMWICH Dake CHEN Raul CORDERO Thomas JUNG Marilyn RAPHAEL john TURNER Qinghua YANG Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences University at AlbanyState University of New YorkAlbanyNY 12222USA Polar Meteorology Group Byrd Polar and Climate Research CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyHangzhou 310012China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai) Zhuhai 519082China Departamento de Física University of SantiagoSantiago 3493Chile Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhaven 27570Germany Institute of Environmental Physics University of BremenBremen 28359Germany Department of Geography University of California-Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA British Antarctic Survey Natural Environment Research CouncilCambridgeCB30ETUK School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China

The Antarctic,including the continent of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean,is a critically important part of the Earth *** in Antarctic meteorology and climate has always been a challenging *** and predicting weather patterns in the Antarctic are important for understanding their role in local-to-global processes and facilitating field studies and logistical operations in the Antarctic(e.g.,Walsh et al.,2018).Studies of climate change in the Antarctic are comparatively neglected compared to those of the ***,significant climate changes have occurred in the Antarctic in the past several decades,i.e.,a strong warming over the Antarctic Peninsula even with a recent minor cooling,a deepening of the Amundsen Sea low,a rapid warming of the upper ocean north of the circumpolar current,an increase of Antarctic sea ice since the late 1970s followed by a recent rapid decrease,and an accelerated ice loss from the Antarctic ice shelf/sheet since the late 1970s(e.g.,Turner et al.,2005;Raphael et al.,2016;Sallée,2018;Parkinson,2019;Rignot et al.,2019).Investigating recent climate change in the Antarctic and the underlying mechanisms are important for predicting future climate change and providing information to policymakers.

关键词： Antarctic warming meteorology

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Evaluation and Design of Alphabetic Communication Boards

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Applied Mathematics 2016年第2期7卷 125-129页

作者： david john Williams Department of Anaesthetics Morriston Hospital Swansea UK College of Medicine Swansea University Swansea UK

Communication boards provide a low-cost means of facilitating communication with patients who are unable to speak;however the process is slow and frustrating. A computer model was used to calculate the cumulative frequency-weighted path length for letter selection (“chart index”) for three conventional communication boards using different search strategies;and exhaustively generate and evaluate designs for a novel communication board based on a frequency-ordered arrangement of letters. For all arrangements, a 46% to 53% reduction in chart indices was achieved when “2 Dimensional” (2D) rather than “1 Dimensional” (1D) search strategies were employed. A further 23% to 30% reduction in chart indices was achieved through use of frequency-ordered sequences with optimal row groupings. Conventional communication boards can be used more efficiently by employing a 2D search strategy. Novel communication boards based on optimised arrangements of frequency-ordered letter sequences potentially provide a faster means of communication than conventional communication boards.

关键词： Combinatorics Compositions Frequency Analysis Medicine Ergonomics

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Gas flow in rotary kilns

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Particuology 2010年第6期8卷 613-616页

作者： Patrick R.Davies Michael J.S.Norton D.Ian Wilson john F.davidson david M.Scott Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgePembroke StreetCambridgeCB2 3RAUK

This paper describes an experimental investigation on the flow characteristics within a rotating cylinder containing a rolling bed of sand. The axis of the cylinder was horizontal and there was no axial bulk flow of particles. The velocity field of the gas flowing through the cylinder was measured by hot-wire anemometry. The measurements indicate that the velocity field is asymmetric with respect to a diameter perpendicular to the granular bed. CFD calculations confirm this finding. The gas velocity profiles are crucial in determining heat transfer from gas to solid.

关键词： Rotating cylinderVelocity profile

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Quality Improvement in Cardiovascular Imaging

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Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications 2019年第B04期4卷 1-7页

作者： david E.Winchester,md,MS R.Beyth,md,MS Malcom Randall VA Medical Center GainesvilleFL 32608USA

Implementation of quality improvement(QI)activities is growing in health care settings across the *** cardiovascular imaging,areas for improvement include consistency of result reporting,greater patient safety through reductions in radiation exposure,and greater effi ciency of care delivery by elimination of wasteful practices and elimination of low-value or rarely appropriate *** in health care is often driven through one of several endorsed frameworks,such as Lean,Six Sigma,and the Model for *** examples of how to teach QI to medical trainees and physicians have been *** this narrative review,we explore the growth and impact of QI in cardiovascular imaging,providing specifi c examples of successful projects,barriers to conducting QI,and rewards of persistent effort toward improving care.

关键词： quality improvement cardiovascular non-invasive imaging graduate medical education audit and feedback

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Implicit glass model for simulation of crystal nucleation for glass-ceramics

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 171-177页

作者： Matthew E.McKenzie Sushmit Goyal Troy Loeffler Ling Cai Indrajit Dutta david E.Baker john C.Mauro Science and Technology Division Corning IncorporatedCorningNew York 14831USA Manufacturing Technology and Engineering DivisionCorning IncorporatedCorningNew York 14831USA Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National LaboratoryArgonneIllinois 60439USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvania 16802USA

Predicting crystal nucleation behavior in glass-ceramic materials is important to create new materials for high-tech *** the evolution of crystal microstructures is a challenging problem due to the complex nature of nucleation and growth *** introduce an implicit glass model(IGM)which,through the application of a Generalized Born solvation model,effectively replaces the glass with a continuous *** permits the computational efforts to focus on nucleating atomic clusters or undissolved impurities that serve as sites for heterogeneous *** apply IGM to four different systems:binary barium silicate(with two different compositions),binary lithium silicate,and ternary soda lime silicate and validate our precipitated compositions with established phase ***,we nucleate lithium metasilicate clusters and probe their structures with *** find that the experimental microstructure matches the modeled growing cluster with IGM for lithium metasilicate.

关键词： crystal silicate lithium

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