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Nutritional epigenetics education improves diet and attitude of parents of children with autism or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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World journal of Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 159-178页

作者： Renee j Dufault Katherine M Adler david O Carpenter Steven G Gilbert Raquel A Crider College of Graduate Health Studies A.T.Still UniversityKirksvilleMO 63501United States Department of Research Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States Department of Health Sciences University of New HavenWest HavenCT 06516United States Institute for Health and the Environment School of Public HealthState University of New YorkAlbanyNY 12222United States Department of Research Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological DisordersSeattleWA 98105United States Department of Statistics Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States

BACKGROUND Unhealthy maternal diet leads to heavy metal exposures from the consumption of ultra-processed foods that may impact gene behavior across generations,creating conditions for the neurodevelopmental disorders known as autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Children with these disorders have difficulty metabolizing and excreting heavy metals from their bloodstream,and the severity of their symptoms correlates with the heavy metal levels measured in their *** may play a key role in helping parents reduce their ultra-processed food and dietary heavy metal intake by providing access to effective nutritional epigenetics *** To test the efficacy of nutritional epigenetics instruction in reducing parental ultra-processed food *** The study utilized a semi-randomized test and control group pretest-posttest pilot study design with participants recruited from parents having a learning-disabled child with autism or ***-two parents who met the inclusion criteria were randomly selected to serve in the test(n=11)or control(n=11)*** test group participated in the six-week online nutritional epigenetics tutorial,while the control group did *** efficacy of the nutritional epigenetics instruction was determined by measuring changes in parent diet and attitude using data derived from an online diet survey administered to the participants during the pre and post intervention *** intake scores were derived for both ultra-processed and whole/organic *** sample t-tests were conducted to determine any differences in mean diet scores within each *** There was a significant difference in the diet scores of the test group between the pre-and post-intervention *** parents in the test group significantly reduced their intake of ultra-processed foods with a preintervention diet score of 70(mean=5.385,SD=2.534)and a post-intervention diet score of 113(mean=8.692,SD=1.750)and the

关键词： Epigenomics Parenteral nutrition Autism Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Ultra-processed foods Heavy metals

The role of N-glycosylation in cancer

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第3期14卷 1098-1110页

作者： Yu Lin david M.Lubman Department of Surgery University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Despite advances in understanding the development and progression of cancer in recent years,there remains a lack of comprehensive characterization of the cancer *** play an important role in medicine and are involved in various human disease conditions including ***-moieties participate in fundamental cancer processes like cell signaling,invasion,angiogenesis,and *** N-glycosylation significantly impacts cancer processes and targeted therapies in ***,understanding N-glycosylation in a tumor is essential for comprehending disease progression and discovering anti-cancer targets and biomarkers for therapy monitoring and *** review presents the fundamental process of protein N-glycosylation and summarizes glycosylation changes in tumor cells,including increased terminal sialylation,N-glycan branching,and ***,the role of N-glycosylation in tumor signaling pathways,migration,and metabolism are *** and glycopeptides as potential biomarkers for early detection of cancer based on site specificity have been ***,understanding and exploring the cancer glycoproteome,along with its role in medicine,implication in cancer and other human diseases,highlights the significance of N-glycosylation in tumor processes,necessitating further research for potential anticancer targets and biomarkers.

关键词： N-Glycosylated proteins Cancer signaling Cancer angiogenesis Cancer metabolism Cancer biomarkers

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Weeks-Ahead Epidemiological Predictions of Varicella Cases From Univariate Time Series Data Applying Artificial Intelligence

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Infectious Diseases & Immunity 2024年第1期4卷 25-34页

作者： david A.Wood DWA Energy Limited Lincoln LN59JPUnited Kingdom

Background:"Chickenpox"is a highly infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus,influenced by seasonal and spatial *** with varicella-zoster epidemics can be a substantial drain on health-authority *** that improve the ability to locally predict case numbers from time-series data sets every week are therefore worth ***:Simple-to-extract trend attributes from published univariate weekly case-number univariate data sets were used to generate multivariate data for Hungary covering 10 *** attribute-enhanced data set was assessed by machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)models to generate weekly case forecasts from next week(t0)to 12 weeks forward(t+12).The ML and DL predictions were compared with those generated by multilinear regression and univariate prediction ***:Support vector regression generates the best predictions for weeks t0 and t+1,whereas extreme gradient boosting generates the best predictions for weeks t+3 to t+***-short-term memory only provides comparable prediction accuracy to the ML models for week t+***-K-fold cross validation reveals that overall the lowest prediction uncertainty is associated with the tree-ensemble ML ***:The novel trend-attribute method offers the potential to reduce prediction errors and improve transparency for chickenpox timeseries.

关键词： Varicella zoster virus infection Disease-case weekly predictions Weeks-ahead forecasting Univariate time-series enhancements Tree-ensemble machine learning Time-series attribute extraction

Accelerating snail vector genomics

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第3期13卷 1-5页

作者： Pennance Tom Rollinson david College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific – Northwest Western University of Health Sciences Lebanon OR USA Global Schistosomiasis Alliance Ealing Cross Uxbridge Road Ealing London W5BW UK Science Department Natural History Museum Cromwell Road London SW5BD UK

The three most important genera of snails for the transmission of schistosomes areBulinus,Biomphalaria andOncomelania. Each of these genera, found in two distantly related families, includes species that act as the intermediate host for one of the three most widespread schistosome species infecting humans,Schistosoma haematobium, S. mansoni andS. japonicum, respectively. An important step in the fight against schistosomiasis in Asia has been taken with the publication of the article "Chromosome-level genome assembly ofOncomelania hupensis: the intermediate snail host ofSchistosoma japonicum", which means that genomes for all three major genera, including species across three continents, are now available in the public domain. This includes the first genomes of African snail vectors, namelyBiomphalaria sudanica,Bi. pfeifferi andBulinus truncatus, as well as high-quality chromosome level assemblies for South AmericanBi. glabrata. Most importantly, the wealth of new genomic and transcriptomic data is helping to establish the specific molecular mechanisms that underly compatibility between snails and their schistosomes, which although diverse and complex, may help to identify potential targets dictating host parasite interactions that can be utilised in future transmission control strategies. This new work onOncomelania hupensis and indeed studies on other snail vectors, which provide deep insights into the genome, will stimulate research that may well lead to new and much needed control interventions.

关键词： Oncomelania Bulinus Biomphalaria Snail vectors Genomics

Exercise immunology:Novel insights

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 277-279,I0001页

作者： david C.Nieman Human Performance Laboratory Appalachian State UniversityNorth Carolina Research CampusKannapolisNC 28081USA

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic heightened worldwide attention on the influence of exercise on the immune *** were raised about whether regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)could help prevent COVID-19 or mitigate symptoms when *** MVPA bolster immunity among those most prone to COVID-19 including the elderly,obese,and immunocompromised patients?Does regular MVPA dampen systemic inflammation,thereby lessening the COVID-19 cytokine storm?

关键词： immunity inflammation thereby

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The neglect of nonnative orthopterans as potential invaders:A call for awareness

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 994-1000页

作者： Anna K.Kulessa Paride Balzani Ismael Soto Antonín Kouba david Renault Ali Serhan Tarkan Phillip j.Haubrock Ruhr University Bochum Faculty of Biology and BiotechnologyBochumGermany Faculty of Biology University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 5EssenGermany Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of HydrocenosesUniversity of South Bohemia in CˇeskéBudeˇjoviceVodnˇanyCzech Republic University of Rennes CNRSECOBIO(EcosystèmesBiodiversitéEvolution)UMRRennesFrance Faculty of Fisheries Department of Basic SciencesMu˘gla SıtkıKoçman UniversityMu˘glaTurkey Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Bournemouth UniversityPooleDorsetUK Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection Department of Ecology and Vertebrate ZoologyUniversity ofŁodzŁodzPoland Department of River Ecology and Conservation Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum FrankfurtGelnhausenGermany Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics Gulf University for Science and TechnologyMubarak Al-AbdullahKuwait

Despite the potential ecological and economic impacts of invasive species,there is a dearth of data on the presence,impacts,and management implications of potentially invasive Orthoptera *** lack of research and inconsistent data,including risk screenings and impact assessments,is especially evident in ***,assessing the status,distribution,and potential threats of nonnative Orthoptera in Europe remains challenging,impeding the development of effective management *** address this gap,we call for increased efforts to collect and curate data on non-native and possibly invasive Orthoptera in *** efforts will improve our understanding of this order’s invasion dynamics,facilitate the identification of priority areas for conservation,and support the development of effective management policies and preventive measures.

关键词： costs cricket damages grasshopper impact research

Role of climatic variability in shaping intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance in Mediterranean water beetles

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 285-298页

作者： Susana Pallarés david Garoffolo Belén Rodríguez david Sánchez-Fernández Department of Zoology University of SevilleSevilleSpain Faculty of Biology Department of Ecology and HydrologyUniversity of MurciaCampus EspinardoMurciaSpain

The climatic variability hypothesis(CVH)predicts that organisms in more thermally variable environments have wider thermal breadths and higher thermal plasticity than those from more stable ***,due to evolutionary trade-offs,taxa with greater absolute thermal limits may have little plasticity of such limits(trade-off hypothesis).The CVH assumes that climatic variability is the ultimate driver of thermal tolerance variation across latitudinal and altitudinal gradients,but average temperature also varies along such *** explored intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance in three typical Mediterranean saline water beetles(families Hydrophilidae and Dytiscidae).For each species,we compared two populations where the species coexist,with similar annual mean temperature but contrasting thermal variability(continental *** population).We estimated thermal limits of adults from each population,previously acclimated at 17,20,or 25℃.We found species-specific patterns but overall,our results agree with the CVH regarding thermal ranges,which were wider in the continental(more variable)*** the two hydrophilid species,this came at the cost of losing plasticity of the upper thermal limit in this population,supporting the trade-off hypothesis,but not in the dytiscid *** results support the role of local adaptation to thermal variability and trade-offs between basal tolerance and physiological plasticity in shaping thermal tolerance in aquatic ectotherms,but also suggest that intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance does not fit a general pattern among aquatic *** such intraspecific variation could lead to inaccurate predictions of the vulnerability of aquatic insects to global warming.

关键词： acclimation capacity aquatic insects climate change heat coma temperature supercooling point thermal plasticity

Bed inventory balance and stability of dual circulating fluidized bed systems

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 98-106页

作者： Yangjun Wei Leming Cheng david Pallares Bo Leckner Institute for Thermal Power Engineering State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy UtilizationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Department of Space Earth and EnvironmentChalmers University of TechnologyS-41296GöteborgSweden

Experiments and modelling are conducted for general understanding on the imbalance phenomenon and for discussion on the strategies to improve the bed inventory balance and stability of a dual circulating fluidized bed(DCFB)*** experiments are carried out in a 15.5 m high pilot-scale DCFB cold test system.A fluid-dynamic DCFB model is developed based on a 1.5-dimensional semi-empirical model of an industrial CFB boiler,validated by experimental *** effects of control methods and operation conditions on the bed inventory balance and on the stability of the pilot-and large-scale DCFB systems are discussed.A"stable-unbalanced"state,where the system reaches a steady state,consisting of un-balanced bed inventories,is observed in both experiments and model *** maintain a balanced state and similar bed inventory in the DCFB systems with similar cross-sectional areas,it is recom-mended to keep similar total pressure drops or gas velocities in both reactors.

关键词： Bed inventory balance Stability Dual circulating fluidized bed(DCFB) Experiment Modelling

Direct-to-indirect mapping for optimal low-thrust trajectories

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Astrodynamics 2024年第1期8卷 27-46页

作者： david Ottesen Ryan P.Russell Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics The University of Texas at AustinAustinTexas78712USA

Optimal,many-revolution spacecraft trajectories are challenging to solve.A connection is made for a class of models between optimal direct and indirect *** transfers that minimize thrust-acceleration-squared,primer vector theory maps direct,many-impulsive-maneuver trajectories to the indirect,continuous-thrust-acceleration *** mapping algorithm is independent of how the direct solution is obtained and requires only a solver for a boundary value problem and its partial derivatives.A Lambert solver is used for the two-body problem in this *** mapping is simple because the impulsive maneuvers and co-states share the same linear space around an optimal *** numerical results,the direct coast-impulse solutions are demonstrated to converge to the indirect continuous solutions as the number of impulses and segments *** two-body design space is explored with a set of three many-revolution,many-segment examples changing semimajor axis,eccentricity,and *** first two examples involve a small change to either semimajor axis or eccentricity,and the third example is a transfer to geosynchronous *** a single processor,the optimization runtime is seconds to minutes for revolution counts of 10 to 100,and on the order of one hour for examples with up to 500 *** of these thrust-acceleration-squared solutions are good candidates to start a homotopy to a higher-fidelity minimization problem with practical constraints.

关键词： direct optimization indirect optimization impulsive maneuvers Lambert's problem two-body dynamics primer vectortheory