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A unique subseafloor microbiosphere in the Mariana Trench driven by episodic sedimentation

Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第1期6卷 168-181页

作者： jiwen Liu Da-Wei Li Xinxin He Ronghua Liu Haojin Cheng Chenglong Su Mengna Chen Yonghong Wang Zhongsheng Zhao Hanyue Xu Zhangyu Cheng Zicheng Wang Nikolai Pedentchouk david j.Lea-smith jonathan D.Todd Xiaoshou Liu Meixun Zhao Xiao-Hua Zhang Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and College of Marine Life SciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques Ministry of Education/College of Marine GeosciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ministry of Education/Research Vessel CentreOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China School of Environmental Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK School of Biological Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK

Hadal trenches are characterized by enhanced and infrequent high-rate episodic sedimentation events that likely introduce not only labile organic carbon and key nutrients but also new microbes that significantly alter the subseafloor ***,the role of high-rate episodic sedimentation in controlling the composition of the hadal subseafloor microbiosphere is ***,analyses of carbon isotope composition in a~750 cm long sediment core from the Challenger Deep revealed noncontinuous deposition,with anomalous ^(14)C ages likely caused by seismically driven mass transport and the funneling effect of trench *** community composition and diverse enzyme activities in the upper~27 cm differed from those at lower depths,probably due to sudden sediment deposition and differences in redox condition and organic matter *** lower depths,microbial population numbers,and composition remained relatively constant,except at some discrete depths with altered enzyme activity and microbial phyla abundance,possibly due to additional sudden sedimentation events of different *** is provided of a unique role for high-rate episodic sedimentation events in controlling the subsurface microbiosphere in Earth’s deepest ocean floor and highlight the need to perform thorough analysis over a large depth range to characterize hadal benthic *** depositional processes are likely crucial in shaping deep-water geochemical environments and thereby the deep subseafloor biosphere.

关键词： Hadal subseafloor Deep water sediment Mariana Trench Radiocarbon Microbial community Redox potential

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Comprehensive, in operando, and correlative investigation of defects and their impact on device performance

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journal of Semiconductors 2022年第4期43卷 24-35页

作者： Yong Zhang david j.smith Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Department of Physics Arizona State UniversityTempeArizona 85287USA

Despite the long history of research that has focused on the role of defects on device performance, the studies have not always been fruitful. A major reason is because these defect studies have typically been conducted in a parallel mode wherein the semiconductor wafer was divided into multiple pieces for separate optical and structural characterization, as well as device fabrication and evaluation. The major limitation of this approach was that either the defect being investigated by structural characterization techniques was not the same defect that was affecting the device performance or else the defect was not characterized under normal device operating conditions. In this review, we describe a more comprehensive approach to defect study, namely a series mode, using an array of spatially-resolved optical, electrical, and structural characterization techniques, all at the individual defect level but applied sequentially on a fabricated device. This novel sequential approach enables definitive answers to key questions, such as:(ⅰ) how do individual defects affect device performance?(ⅱ) how does the impact depend on the device operation conditions?(ⅲ) how does the impact vary from one defect to another? Implementation of this different approach is illustrated by the study of individual threading dislocation defects in GaAs solar cells. Additionally,we briefly describe a 3-D Raman thermometry method that can also be used for investigating the roles of defects in high power devices and device failure mechanisms.

关键词： device performance point defects extended defects

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Creep-fatigue lives prediction and sensitivity study of 316H at 550 ℃

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2011年第2期24卷 132-140页

作者： Zhichao FAN david j smith Xuedong CHEN Mike W Spindler Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Hefei 23-0031 China University of Bristol Bristol BS8 1TR UK British Energy Gloucester GL4 3RS UK

In Volume 2/3 of R5 ＂An assessment procedure for the high temperature response of structures＂, the strain based ductility exhaustion method is suggested to calculate the creep damage of stress concentration region, which involves description of creep dwell initial stress, stress drop and creep ductility. Considering lots of uncertainty existed in these assessment, some sensitivity analysis is required in R5 procedure to ensure the conservatism of assessment results. In this paper, laboratory creep-fatigue test data of 316H at 550 ℃ with different loading conditions are selected as a special case to investigate whether the basic R5 approach is conservative, and the different material data combinations of cyclic stress-strain, creep deformation and creep ductility are used to identify those significant parameters affecting the assessment results. The analytical results indicate that the creep deformation model and creep ductility data are more significant to the results comparing with cyclic stress-strain data. If the upper bound of creep deformation law and lower bound of creep ductility data are used to predict their creep-fatigue lives, the degree of conservatism can be as large as a factor of -300, but if the modified creep deformation model and cast specific ductility data are used, very well prediction results can be gained within a factor of ±2.0 although there is slight non-conservatism.

关键词： Creep Fatigue Damage Life prediction Sensitivity study

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Harnessing the power of complex light propagation in multimode fibers for spatially resolved sensing

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Photonics Research 2024年第3期12卷 411-422页

作者： DARCY L.smith LINH V.NGUYEN MOHAMMAD I.REjA ERIK P.SCHARTNER HEIKE EBENDORFF-HEIDEPRIEM david j.OTTAWAY STEPHEN C.WARREN-smith Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Physics Chemistry and Earth SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery(OzGrav) AdelaideSAAustralia Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Laser Physics and Photonics Devices Laboratory University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia

The propagation of coherent light in multimode optical fibers results in a speckled output that is both complex and sensitive to environmental *** properties can be a powerful tool for sensing,as small perturbations lead to significant changes in the output of the ***,the mechanism to encode spatially resolved sensing information into the speckle pattern and the ability to extract this information are thus far *** this paper,we demonstrate that spatially dependent mode coupling is crucial to achieving spatially resolved *** leverage machine learning to quantitatively extract the spatially resolved sensing information from three fiber types with dramatically different characteristics and demonstrate that the fiber with the highest degree of spatially dependent mode coupling provides the greatest accuracy.

关键词： fiber spatially resolved

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Predictors of the placebo response in a nutraceutical randomized controlled trial for depression

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journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 46-53页

作者： Rosemary Arnold jenifer Murphy-smith Chee H.Ng david Mischoulon Gerard j.Byrne Chad A.Bousman Con Stough Michael Berk jerome Sarris Professorial Unit the Melbourne ClinicDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneRichmond 3121Australia Depression Clinical and Research Program Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Faculty of Medicine Discipline of PsychiatryCentre for Clinical ResearchRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalHerstonthe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4006Australia Departments of Medical Genetics PsychiatryPhysiology&Pharmacology and Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Psychiatry the University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia Centre for Human Psychopharmacology Swinburne UniversityMelbourne 3122Australia The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation School of MedicineBarwon HealthDeakin UniversityGeelong 3220Australia The Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia NICM Health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversityWestmeadNSW 2145Australia

Objective The placebo response in depression studies is the change in symptoms amongst those who receive an inactive *** well-designed randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of depression have a high proportion of placebo responders,with little understanding as to *** present study assesses characteristics associated with the placebo response in a nutraceutical trial with a large proportion of placebo *** This is a secondary analysis of a nutraceutical depression RCT which identified no overall treatment benefit relative to placebo(n=69 in placebo group).We investigated participant characteristics such as socio-demographics,clinical features,and recruitment methods,and their association with the placebo *** genetic polymorphisms were also *** response was measured based on change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale *** association of these hypothesis-driven variables of interest and the placebo response was examined using linear mixed effects *** Greater levels of education,particularly pursuing post-high school education,better self-reported general health,marriage/de facto,greater improvement in the first trial week,and more failed antidepressant therapies in the current depressive episode were associated with greater placebo *** increased placebo response was not found in those recruited via social media nor in those with concomitant antidepressant *** nucleotide polymorphisms from the tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPH1)gene(A779C and A218C)were weakly associated with greater placebo response,although the evidence was attenuated after accounting for multiple *** This is,to our knowledge,the first study within nutraceutical research for depression to assess the association between participant characteristics and variation in the placebo *** variables appeared to predict the placebo *** findings may encourage future trial design

关键词： Randomized controlled trial Placebo Depression Nutraceutical Psychiatry

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Ground-Based LiDAR Improves Phenotypic Repeatability of Above-Ground Biomass and Crop Growth Rate in Wheat

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 138-148页

作者： david M.Deery Greg j.Rebetzke jose A.jimenez-Berni Anthony G.Condon david j.smith Kathryn M.Bechaz William D.Bovill CSIRO Agriculture and Food CanberraACTAustralia CSIRO Agriculture and Food YancoNSWAustralia NSW Department of Primary Industries YancoNSWAustralia

Highly repeatable,nondestructive,and high-throughput measures of above-ground biomass(AGB)and crop growth rate(CGR)are important for wheat improvement *** study evaluates the repeatability of destructive AGB and CGR measurements in comparison to two previously described methods for the estimation of AGB from LiDAR:3D voxel index(3DVI)and 3D profile index(3DPI).Across three field experiments,contrasting in available water supply and comprising up to 98 wheat genotypes varying for canopy architecture,several concurrent measurements of LiDAR and AGB were made from jointing to *** correlations at discrete events between AGB and the LiDAR-derived biomass indices were significant,ranging from 0.31(P<0:05)to 0.86(P<0:0001),providing confidence in the LiDAR indices as effective surrogates for *** repeatability of the LiDAR biomass indices at discrete events was at least similar to and often higher than AGB,particularly under water *** correlations between calculated CGR for AGB and the LiDAR indices were moderate to high and varied between ***,across all experiments,the repeatabilities of the CGR derived from the LiDAR indices were appreciably greater than those for AGB,except for the 3DPI in the water-limited *** our experiments,the repeatability of either LiDAR index was consistently higher than that of AGB,both at discrete time points and when CGR was *** findings provide promising support for the reliable use of ground-based LiDAR,as a surrogate measure of AGB and CGR,for screening germplasm in research and wheat breeding.

关键词： Wheat Biomass LiDAR

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Comparisons of oxbow lake fish assemblages in relation to bigheaded carp establishment in the lower White River, Arkansas

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 188-205页

作者： Michael A.Eggleton Cody j.Salzmann joseph E.Kaiser Shannon C.F.smith Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Arkansas Game and Fish Commission Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Background Since the late 1990s, bigheaded carps(largely silver carp [Hypophthalmichthys molitrix] but also bighead carp [H. nobilis]) have established throughout the lower Mississippi River basin. Using previously studied oxbow lakes in the lower White River basin, Arkansas, we compared current(2017, “post-carp” establishment) fish assemblages to historical(2002, “pre-carp” establishment) fish assemblages. Fish assemblages were comprehensively assessed using multiple gears, including boat electrofishing, mini-fyke nets, and experimental small-mesh gill *** T-tests suggested that fish assemblage indices of richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance were often greater(P 0.05) between the pre-carp and post-carp period with fish assemblages depicted using mini-fyke nets. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses indicated that fish assemblages differed structurally between pre-carp and post-carp periods. Assemblage differences were linked to both small and large abundance changes for more than 20 species. Abundances of gizzard shad(Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner(Notropis atherinoides), pugnose minnow(Opsopoeodus emiliae), crappies(Pomoxis spp.), bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus), orangespotted sunfish(L. humilis), and yellow bass(Morone mississippiensis) declined between the pre-carp and postcarp periods. Conversely, abundances of weed shiner(N. texanus), pallid shiner(Hybopsis amnis), longear sunfish(L. megalotis), buffalofishes(Ictiobus spp.), and gars(Lepisosteus spp.) generally increased during the same *** Although not possible to conclude assemblage shifts were entirely related to bigheaded carps due to the absence of an appropriate reference system where carps did not establish, the wide establishment of these carps is one of the most pervasive changes to have occurred in the lower White

关键词： Bigheaded carp Silver carp Aquatic nuisance species Fish assemblage Oxbow lake Large river

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Overview of the CHILL-ICE 2021 Science Experiments and Research Campaign

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Space(Science & Technology) 2022年第1期2022卷 27-35页

作者： david j.K.smith Charlotte R.Pouwels Marc Heemskerk Benedetta M.Cattani Esther Konijnenberg Robert Heemskerk Sebasthian Ogalde ICEE Space Netherlands EuroMoonMars An Initiative of ILEWG(International Lunar Exploration Working GroupThe Netherlands)Netherlands Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands Lunar Zebro Delft University of TechnologyNetherlands Heemskerk Innovative Technology Netherlands

The main objective of the CHILL-ICE(Construction of a Habitat Inside a Lunar-analogue Lava tube—Iceland;a campaign by ICEE Space and EuroMoonMars)prototype mission was to deploy an inflatable habitat and its systems inside a lunar analogue lava *** took place during an 8-hour extra vehicular activity(EVA)with three analogue astronauts as part of a threeday ***-ICE 2021 was carried out in july/August 2021 and consisted of two missions and was accomplished through successful collaboration of nonprofit research organizations,agencies,companies,and universities across 16 *** pilot campaign successfully reached its main objective:the testing of emergency equipment designed to help astronauts survive when first arriving to a new celestial body and to perform experiments similar to those that would be carried out *** article is a review of the scientific research experiments carried out during and after the mission:SpotNet,an artificial intelligence(AI)astronaut detection vision system;training for studies of the geological surroundings examined during EVAs;astronaut vigilance experiments carried out before,during,and after the mission;and Lunar Zebro,a legged rover intended to assist the crew in traversing and exploring harsh terrain.

关键词： ICE companies planet

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RECENTSTUDIES OF SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES

RECENTSTUDIES OF SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES

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第十三届北京分析测试学术报告会暨展览会(BCEIA2...

作者： david j.smith Department of Physics Arizona State University

＜正＞The fabrication of semiconductor heterostructures and nanostructures based on two（or more）dissimilar materials provides many challenging problems for the crystal grower and the device *** mismatch between materials leads to strain and probable defect formation,while any valence mismatch and differences in thermal expansion coefficients are also likely to

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Impact of Varying Light and Dew on Ground Cover Estimates from Active NDVI,RGB,and LiDAR

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Plant Phenomics 2021年第1期3卷 263-276页

作者： david M.Deery david j.smith Robert Davy jose A.jimenez-Berni Greg j.Rebetzke Richard A.james CSIRO Agriculture and Food CanberraACTAustralia CSIRO Agriculture and Food YancoNSWAustralia CSIRO Information Management and Technology CanberraACTAustralia Instituto Agricultura Sostenible Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientificasCordobaSpain

Canopy ground cover(GC)is an important agronomic measure for evaluating crop establishment and early *** study evaluates the reliability of GC estimates,in the presence of varying light and dew on leaves,from three different ground-based sensors:(1)normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)from the commercially available GreenSeeker®;(2)RGB images from a digital camera,where GC was determined as the portion of pixels from each image meeting a greenness criterion(i.e.,ðGreen−RedÞ/ðGreen+RedÞ>0);and(3)LiDAR using two separate approaches:(a)GC from LiDAR red reflectance(whereby red reflectance less than five was classified as vegetation)and(b)GC from LiDAR height(whereby height greater than 10 cm was classified as vegetation).Hourly measurements were made early in the season at two different growth stages(tillering and stem elongation),among wheat genotypes highly diverse for canopy *** active NDVI showed the least variation through time and was particularly stable,regardless of the available light or the presence of *** addition,between-sample-time Pearson correlations for NDVI were consistently high and significant(P<0:0001),ranging from 0.89 to *** comparison,GC from LiDAR and RGB showed greater variation across sampling times,and LiDAR red reflectance was strongly influenced by the presence of *** times when the light was exceedingly low,correlations between GC from RGB and NDVI were consistently high(ranging from 0.79 to 0.92).The high reliability of the active NDVI sensor potentially affords a high degree of flexibility for users by enabling sampling across a broad range of acceptable light conditions.

关键词： LiDAR reflectance Impact

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