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Selective metasomatism of ultramafic cumulates within Archean supracrustal sequences

Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第5期15卷 283-299页

作者： Lingyu Zhang Sampriti Basak david Zakharov Kristoffer Szilas Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of CopenhagenØster Voldgade 101350 CopenhagenDenmark Geological and Environmental Sciences Western Michigan UniversityKalamazooMI 49008USA

The Neoarchean StorøSupracrustal Belt in SW Greenland comprises a sequence of mature quartzite,metapelite,amphibolite,and ultramafic rocks that underwent amphibolite facies metamorphism during the amalgamation of the Mesoarchean Akia Terrane and the Eoarchean Færingehavn *** this belt,tourmaline is found in a transition zone between ultramafic and metapelitic rocks,but also occurs as orbicules within the ultramafic *** tourmaline orbicules hosted by ultramafic rocks are reported for the first time in the North Atlantic craton,thus indicating a unique formation *** conducted a comprehensive examination of the petrology,whole-rock and mineral chemistry,and oxygen isotope compositions from borehole samples in the StorøSupracrustal Belt,to elucidate the metasomatic events associated with the formation of the orbicular *** Storøultramafic rocks have high MgO,Cr,and Ni contents,with low abundances of REE and hFSE,and preserve a typical cumulate *** features are similar to those of ultramafic cumulates found in other Archean supracrustal belts,suggesting a cumulate origin for the Storøultramafic ***,the morphology and composition of the tourmaline orbicules within these cumulates indicate that they originated from melts with high boron and high water concentrations that infiltrated the ultramafic *** main factor influencing the morphology of the tourmaline orbicules is the silicification of the ultramafic rocks,driven by their lower chemical potential of SiO_(2)compared to the surrounding *** silicification process,in combination with compositional variations of cumulates during fractional crystallization,has contributed to the geochemical diversity observed in Archean ultramafic ***,it is crucial to understand the effects of such selective metasomatism on Archean ultramafic rocks,as this will facilitate the extraction of original information preserved in the early rock record.

关键词： Archean Ultramafic rocks Tourmaline Metasomatism Storø Greenland

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Origins of perturbations in dayside equatorial ground magnetograms

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 215-221页

作者： Syau-Yun W.hsieh david G.Sibeck The Johns hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMarylandUSA

To determine the cause(s)of perturbations seen in dayside equatorial ground magnetograms,we conducted a systematic survey of simultaneous ground-based and geosynchronous satellite-based observations during the 90-day period from December 1,2020 to February 28,*** examined huancayo ground magnetometer observations from 14:00:00 to 20:00:00 UT each day,during which huancayo passed through local *** those data we chose perturbation events selected on the basis of large(>20 nT)event amplitude and classified the selected events as responding primarily to solar wind pressure,or to variations in the north/south component of the interplanetary magnetic field(iMF Bz),or perhaps in part to *** results show that an equivalent number of events were identified for each model during this 90-day *** in the lagged solar wind dynamic pressure routinely correspond to nearly simultaneous sudden impulses recorded at both geosynchronous orbit and on the *** in iMF Bz produce erosion signatures at geosynchronous orbit and can correspond to ground events if lag times for reconnection to enhance convection in the magnetosphere are taken into account.

关键词： dayside magnetosphere dayside equatorial ionosphere geosynchronous magnetic field

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Construction of a broad-host-range Anderson promoter series and particulate methane monooxygenase promoter variants expand the methanotroph genetic toolbox

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2024年第2期9卷 250-258页

作者： Etash h.Bhat Jessica M.henard Spencer A.Lee Dustin Mchalffey Mahith S.Ravulapati Elle V.Rogers Logan Yu david Skiles Calvin A.henard Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery institute University of North TexasDentonTXUSA

Methanotrophic bacteria are currently used industrially for the bioconversion of methane-rich natural gas and anaerobic digestion-derived biogas to valuable *** bacteria may also serve to mitigate the negative effects of climate change by capturing atmospheric greenhouse *** genetic tools have previously been developed for genetic and metabolic engineering of ***,the available tools for use in methanotrophs are significantly underdeveloped compared to many other industrially relevant bacteria,which hinders genetic and metabolic engineering of these *** such,expansion of the methanotroph genetic toolbox is needed to further our understanding of methanotrophy and develop biotechnologies that leverage these unique microbes for mitigation and conversion of methane to valuable ***,we determined the copy number of three broad-host-range plasmids in Methylococcus capsulatus Bath and Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b,representing phylogenetically diverse Gammaproteobacterial and Alphaproteobacterial methanotrophs,***,we show that the commonly used synthetic Anderson series promoters are functional and exhibit similar relative activity in *** and *** OB3b,but the synthetic series had limited ***,we mutagenized the native *** particulate methane monooxygenase promoter and identified variants with activity that expand the activity range of synthetic,constitutive promoters functional not only in ***,but also in Escherichia ***,the tools developed here advance the methanotroph genetic engineering toolbox and represent additional synthetic genetic parts that may have broad applicability in Pseudomonadota bacteria.

关键词： Methanotroph Methane monooxygenase Promoter Metabolic engineering Synthetic biology

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Uncovering the dominant contribution of intermediate volatility compounds in secondary organic aerosol formation from biomass-burning emissions

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 150-158页

作者： Kun Li Jun Zhang david M.Bell Tiantian Wang houssni Lamkaddam Tianqu Cui Lu Qi Mihnea Surdu Dongyu Wang Lin Du imad El haddad Jay G.Slowik Andre S.h.Prevot Environment Research institute Shandong University Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

Organic vapors from biomass burning are a major source of secondary organic aerosols(SOAs). Previous smog chamber studies found that the SOA contributors in biomass-burning emissions are mainly volatile organic compounds(VOCs). While intermediate volatility organic compounds(iVOCs) are efficient SOA precursors and contribute a considerable fraction of biomass-burning emissions, their contribution to SOA formation has not been directly observed. here, by deploying a newly-developed oxidation flow reactor to study SOA formation from wood burning, we find that iVOCs can contribute ～70% of the formed SOA, i.e.>2 times more than VOCs. This previously missing SOA fraction is interpreted to be due to the high wall losses of semi-volatile oxidation products of iVOCs in smog chambers. The finding in this study reveals that SOA production from biomass burning is much higher than previously thought, and highlights the urgent need for more research on the iVOCs from biomass burning and potentially other emission sources.

关键词： atmospheric chemistry biomass burning secondary organic aerosol intermediate volatility organic compounds

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hybrid LES/RANS Simulations of Compressible Flow in a Linear Cascade of Flat Blade Profiles

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第5期33卷 1839-1850页

作者： Jaromír PRihODA Petr STRAKA david SiMURDA Petr SiDLOF Jan LEPiCOVSKY institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences Dolejskova 1402/518200 Prague 5Czech Republic Aerospace Research and Test Centre Beranovych 13019905 PragueCzech Republic Technical University of Liberec Faculty of MechatronicsStudentska 246117 Liberec 1Czech Republic

The paper reports on 3D numerical simulations of unsteady compressible airflow in a blade cascade consisting of flat profiles using a hybrid LES/RANS approach including a transition *** a first step towards simulation of blade flutter in turbomachinery,various incidence angle offsets of the middle blade were *** simulations were run for the flow regime characterized by outlet isentropic Mach number M_(is)=0.5and zero *** results of the LES/RANS simulations(pressure and Mach number distributions)were compared to a baseline RANS model,and to experimental data measured in a high-speed wind *** numerical results show that both methods overpredict flow separation taking place at the leading *** this regard,the hybrid LES/RANS method does not provide superior results compared to the traditional RANS ***,the LES/RANS results also capture vortex shedding from the blunt trailing *** frequency of the trailing edge vortex shedding in CFD simulations matches perfectly the spectral peak recorded during wind tunnel measurements.

关键词： numerical simulation blade cascade hybrid LES/RANS

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Colon and rectal cancer:An emergent public health problem

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第7期30卷 644-651页

作者： Marina Pinheiro david Nascimento Moreira Michele Ghidini LAQV REQUIMTEDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of Porto4050-313 PortoPortugal Unidade de Saúde Pública Unidade Local de Saúde Barcelos/EsposendeBarcelinhos 4755-069BragaPortugal Medical Oncology Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilan 20122Italy

Colorectal cancer ranks third globally,with a high mortality *** the United States,and different countries in Europe,organized population screenings exist and include people between 50 and 74 years of *** screenings have allowed an early diagnosis and consequently an improvement in health *** and rectal cancer(CRC)is a disease of particular interest due to the high global burden associated with it and the role attributed to prevention and early diagnosis in reducing morbidity and *** study is a review of CRC pathology and includes the most recent scientific evidence regarding this pathology,as well as a diagnosis of the epidemiological situation of ***,the recommendation from a public health perspective will be discussed in detail taking into account the context and the most current recommendations.

关键词： Colon and rectal neoplasia Colon and rectal tumor Mortality Morbidity

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impact of cancer diagnosis on life expectancy by area-level socioeconomic groups in New South Wales, Australia: a population-based study

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第8期21卷 692-702页

作者： Md Mijanur Rahman Michael david david Goldsbury Karen Canfell Kou Kou Paramita Dasgupta Peter Baade Xue Qin Yu The Daffodil Centre The University of SydneyA Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSWSydneyNSW 1340Australia School of Medicine and Dentistry Griffith UniversityGold CoastQLD 4222Australia Cancer Council Queensland BrisbaneQLD 4006Australia

Objective: improvement in cancer survival over recent decades has not been accompanied by a narrowing of socioeconomic disparities. This study aimed to quantify the loss of life expectancy(LOLE) resulting from a cancer diagnosis and examine disparities in LOLE based on area-level socioeconomic status(SES).Methods: Data were collected for all people between 50 and 89 years of age who were diagnosed with cancer, registered in the NSW Cancer Registry between 2001 and 2019, and underwent mortality follow-up evaluations until December 2020. Flexible parametric survival models were fitted to estimate the LOLE by gender and area-level SES for 12 common ***: Of 422,680 people with cancer, 24% and 18% lived in the most and least disadvantaged areas, respectively. Patients from the most disadvantaged areas had a significantly greater average LOLE than patients from the least disadvantaged areas for cancers with high survival rates, including prostate [2.9 years(95% Ci: 2.5±3.2 years) vs. 1.6 years(95% Ci: 1.3±1.9 years)] and breast cancer [1.6 years(95% Ci: 1.4±1.8 years) vs. 1.2 years(95% Ci: 1.0±1.4 years)]. The highest average LOLE occurred in males residing in the most disadvantaged areas with pancreatic [16.5 years(95% Ci: 16.1±16.8 years) vs. 16.2 years(95% Ci: 15.7±16.7 years)] and liver cancer [15.5 years(95% Ci: 15.0±16.0 years) vs. 14.7 years(95% Ci: 14.0±15.5 years)]. Females residing in the least disadvantaged areas with thyroid cancer [0.9 years(95% Ci: 0.4±1.4 years) vs. 0.6 years(95% Ci: 0.2±1.0 years)] or melanoma [0.9 years(95% Ci: 0.8±1.1 years) vs. 0.7 years(95% Ci: 0.5±0.8 years)] had the lowest average ***: Patients from the most disadvantaged areas had the highest LOLE with SES-based differences greatest for patients diagnosed with cancer at an early stage or cancers with higher survival rates, suggesting the need to prioritise early detection and reduce treatment-related barriers and survivorship challenges to improve life expec

关键词： Cancer diagnosis life expectancy loss of life expectancy area-level socioeconomic status flexible parametric model

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Mitochondrial recruitment in myelin:an anchor for myelin dynamics and plasticity?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1401-1402页

作者： Jean-david M.Gothié Timothy E.Kennedy Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Montreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada

Optimal propagation of neuronal electrical impulses depends on the insulation of axons by myelin,produced in the central nervous system by *** is an extension of the oligodendrocyte plasma membrane,which wraps around an axon to form a compact multi-layered *** is composed of a substantially higher proportion of lipids compared to other biological membranes and enriched in a small number of specialized proteins.

关键词： plasticity insulation dynamics

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Quantification of perfluorinated compounds in atmospheric particulate shows potential connection with environmental event

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 237-247页

作者： hua Tang Ying Wang Shengling Si hongli Li david Da Yong Chen National institute of Metrology 18 BeisanhuandongluChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100029China School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Si Chuan Zhong Ce Biao Wu Technology Co.Ltd. Sichuan 610052China Department of Chemistry University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z1BCCanada

A method of quantification of perfluorinated compounds(PFCs)from atmospheric particulate matter(APM)is described.A single step pretreatment method,selective pressurized liquid extraction(SPLE),was developed to reduce the high matrix background and avoid contamination from commonly used multiple sample pretreatment *** effective sorbent was selected to purify the PFCs during SPLE,followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS),for quantification of *** affecting the SPLE efficiency,including temperature,static extraction time,and number of extraction cycles used,were *** optimum conditions were found to be 120℃,10 min,and 3 cycles,***-MS/MS method was developed to obtain the optimal sensitivity specific to *** method detection limits(MDLs)were 0.006 to 0.48 ng/g for the PFCs studied and the linear response range was from 0.1 to 100 ng/*** ensure accurate values were obtained,each step of the experiment was evaluated and controlled to prevent *** optimized method was tested by performing spiking experiments in natural particulate matter matrices and good rates of recovery and reproducibility were obtained for all target ***,the method was successfully used to measure 16 PFCs in the APM samples collected in Beijing over five years from 2015 to *** is observed that some PFCs follow the trend of total PFC changes,and can be attributed to the environment influencing events and policy enforcement,while others don't seem to change as much with time of the year or from year to year.

关键词： Selective pressurized liquid extraction Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry Perfluorinated compounds Atmospheric particulate matter Pollution control

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A combined experimental and DEM investigation of grain interlocking in sheared granular assemblies

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 436-451页

作者： Rui Lu Qiang Luo Tengfei Wang david P.Connolly Tao Xie School of Civil Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China Key Laboratory of high-Speed Railway Engineering(Southwest Jiaotong University) Ministry of EducationChengdu 610031China School of Civil Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Department of Civil Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada

Compacted granular material,integral to geotechnical engineering,undergoes translation,rotation,and interlocking when subject to shear displacements or external *** present study focuses on the interlocking of heterogeneous granular materials,a complex behavior influenced by gradation,compaction,and varying particle geometry,and has consequently received limited attention in existing *** address this research gap,we conducted an analysis on the effect of grain interlocking on the shear resistance of granular assemblies,using a combination of laboratory testing and the discrete element method(DEM).initially,large-scale direct shear tests were conducted on gravel−sand mixes with varying degrees of compaction and normal *** of the mixes also underwent subsequent shear reversal to explore the differences in grain interlocking between the two shearing processes on the shear *** analyzing the laboratory results,a mesoscopic scale investigation was performed by replicating the test using discrete element *** facilitate this,granular particle geometries were measured using 3D laser scanning based on the physical lab ***,based on these scans,discrete element R-block and ball models were utilized to construct both the coarse and fine particles within the *** vibro-compaction was employed to regulate the degree of *** results indicate that an increase in vertical pressure,coupled with a zero dilatancy angle,results in a rising stress ratio,indicative of grain *** interlocking exhibits a positive correlation with both the coarse content and the degree of compaction,and varies depending on the shear *** interlocking progresses,the shear band,induced by particle movement,expands and is associated with reduced particle rotation near the shear *** study further reveals a consistent positive correlation between interlocking and the principal orientation angle of strong normal c

关键词： Granular material interlocking Shear resistance Direct shear Discrete element method Vibro-compaction

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