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Petawatt and exawatt class lasers worldwide

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第3期7卷 168-221页

作者： Colin N.Danson Constantin Haefner Jake Bromage Thomas Butcher Jean-Christophe FChanteloup Enam A.Chowdhury Almantas Galvanauskas Leonida A.Gizzi Joachim Hein david i.hillier Nicholas W.Hopps Yoshiaki Kato Efim A.Khazanov Ryosuke Kodama Georg Korn Ruxin Li Yutong Li Jens Limpert Jingui Ma Chang Hee Nam david Neely Dimitrios Papadopoulos Rory R.Penman Liejia Qian Jorge J.Rocca andrey A.Shaykin Craig W.Siders Christopher Spindloe Sándor Szatmári Raoul M.G.M.Trines Jianqiang Zhu Ping Zhu Jonathan D.Zuegel AWE AldermastonReadingUK OxCHEDS Clarendon LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK CiFS Blackett LaboratoryImperial CollegeLondonUK NiF&Photon Science Directorate Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreUSA Fraunhofer institute for Laser Technology(iLT) AachenGermany Chair for Laser Technology LLT RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser EnergeticsRochesterUSA Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryChiltonDidcotUK LULi CNRSCEASorbonne UniversitesEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisPalaiseauFrance Department of Physics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusUSA Centre for Ultrafast Optical Science University of MichiganAnn ArborUSA intense Laser irradiation Laboratory Istituto Nazionale di Ottica(INO)CNRPisaItaly institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena and Helmholtz InstituteJenaGermany The Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics industries NishikuHamamatsuJapan institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of SciencesNizhny NovgorodRussia institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversitySuitaOsakaJapan ELi-Beamlines Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China institute for Applied Physics(iAP)at Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena JenaGermany Helmholtz institute Jena JenaGermany Fraunhofer institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering(iOF) JenaGermany Key Laboratory for Laser Plasma(Ministry of Education) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Centre for Relativistic Laser Science(CoReLS) Institute for Basic ScienceDepartment of Physics and Photon ScienceGwangju Institute of Science and Techno

in the 2015 review paper‘Petawatt Class Lasers Worldwide’a comprehensive overview of the current status of highpower facilities of>200 TW was presented.This was largely based on facility specifications,with some description of their uses,for instance in fundamental ultra-high-intensity interactions,secondary source generation,and inertial confinement fusion(iCF).With the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics being awarded to Professors Donna Strickland and Gerard Mourou for the development of the technique of chirped pulse amplification(CPA),which made these lasers possible,we celebrate by providing a comprehensive update of the current status of ultra-high-power lasers and demonstrate how the technology has developed.We are now in the era of multi-petawatt facilities coming online,with 100 PW lasers being proposed and even under construction.in addition to this there is a pull towards development of industrial and multi-disciplinary applications,which demands much higher repetition rates,delivering high-average powers with higher efficiencies and the use of alternative wavelengths:mid-iR facilities.So apart from a comprehensive update of the current global status,we want to look at what technologies are to be deployed to get to these new regimes,and some of the critical issues facing their development.

关键词： exawatt lasers high-power lasers petawatt lasers ultra-high intensity

A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2021年第2期9卷 41-126页

作者： Colin N.Danson Malcolm White John R.M.Barr Thomas Bett Peter Blyth david Bowley Ceri Brenner Robert J.Collins Neal Croxford A.E.Bucker Dangor Laurence Devereux Peter E.Dyer Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw Christopher B.Edwards Paul Ewart Allister i.Ferguson John M.Girkin Denis R.Hall david C.Hanna Wayne Harris david i.hillier Christopher J.Hooker Simon M.Hooker Nicholas Hopps Janet Hull david Hunt Dino A.Jaroszynski Mark Kempenaars Helmut Kessler Sir Peter L.Knight Steve Knight Adrian Knowles Ciaran L.S.Lewis Ken S.Lipton Abby Littlechild John Littlechild Peter Maggs Graeme P.A.Malcolm OBE Stuart P.D.Mangles William Martin Paul McKenna Richard O.Moore Clive Morrison Zulfikar Najmudin david Neely Geoff H.C.New Michael J.Norman Ted Paine Anthony W.Parker Rory R.Penman Geoff J.Pert Chris Pietraszewski Andrew Randewich Nadeem H.Rizvi Nigel Seddon MBE Zheng-Ming Sheng david Slater Roland A.Smith Christopher Spindloe Roy Taylor Gary Thomas John W.G.Tisch Justin S.Wark Colin Webb S.Mark Wiggins Dave Willford Trevor Winstone AWE Aldermaston ReadingUK Oxford Centre for High Energy Density Science Department of PhysicsClarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for intertial Fusion Studies Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondonUK Formerly of Electrox LetchworthUK Formerly of Central Laser Facility Rutherford LaboratoryDidcotUK Formerly of Ferranti Defence Systems LincolnUK Leonardo EdinburghUK Retired AWEReadingUK Formerly of AWE ReadingUK Formerly of Laser Lines Ltd BanburyUK Formerly of Optilas Ltd Milton KeynesUK Retired Pro-Lite TechnologyCranfieldUK Specialised imaging Ltd PitstoneUK Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK Magna-Power Electronics Ltd ReadingUK DeBe Lasers Needham Laser TechnologiesWhitchurchUK Blackett Laboratory Imperial College LondonLondonUK SPiE Europe CardiffUK Professor Emeritus(Physics) University of HullKingston upon HullUK Kentech instruments Ltd WallingfordUK Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Professor Emeritus Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK Department of Physics Durham UniversityDurhamUK Professor Emeritus(Photonics) Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK Professor Emeritus University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Optical Surfaces Ltd KenleyUK JEH Lasers Ltd RugbyUK Scottish Universities Physics Alliance Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK iTER Organization Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance Manx Precision Optics Ltd BallasallaUK Laser Lines Ltd BanburyUK Elliot Scientific Ltd MetroTest Scientific GroupHarpendenUK Centre for Plasma Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK Retired Founderand former MDRofin-Sinar UK LtdHullUK Heraeus Noblelight Ltd CambridgeUK Mirli Books ChelmsfordUK M Squared Lasers Ltd GlasgowUK University of Hertfordshire HatfieldUK E&EO UK Ltd Barton-upon-HumberUK Department of Physics University of YorkYorkUK iC Optical Systems Ltd BeckenhamUK Laser Micromachining Ltd St AsaphUK MBDA UK Ltd Brist

The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by T.H.Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories,USA.Many laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at different wavelengths.in the UK,academia,industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of applications.This historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years.

关键词： high-power lasers history United Kingdom

Petawatt class lasers worldwide

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2015年第1期3卷 5-18页

作者： Colin Danson david hillier Nicholas Hopps david Neely AWE STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

The use of ultra-high intensity laser beams to achieve extreme material states in the laboratory has become almost routine with the development of the petawatt laser. Petawatt class lasers have been constructed for specific research activities,including particle acceleration, inertial confinement fusion and radiation therapy, and for secondary source generation(x-rays, electrons, protons, neutrons and ions). They are also now routinely coupled, and synchronized, to other large scale facilities including megajoule scale lasers, ion and electron accelerators, x-ray sources and z-pinches. The authors of this paper have tried to compile a comprehensive overview of the current status of petawatt class lasers worldwide.The definition of ‘petawatt class' in this context is a laser that delivers >200 TW.

关键词： diode pumped high intensity high power lasers megajoule petawatt lasers

The impact of Life Sciences Developments on the UK Urban Environment

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Journal of Life Sciences 2016年第1期10卷 33-38页

作者： Peter Jones Martin Wynn david hillier Daphne Comfort The Business School University of Gloucestershire the Park Cheltenham GL50 2RH UK School of Computing and Technology University of Gloucestershire the Park Cheltenham GL50 2RH UK Centre for Police Sciences University of South Wales Pontypricld Wales CF37 2DL UK

400 TW operation of Orion at ultra-high contrast

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2018年第3期6卷 79-84页

作者： Stefan Parker Colin Danson david Egan Stephen Elsmere Mark Girling Ewan Harvey david hillier Dianne Hussey Stephen Masoero James McLoughlin Rory Penman Paul Treadwell david Winter Nicholas Hopps AWE plc Aldermaston Reading RG7 4PR UK

The Orion facility at the Atomic Weapons Establishment in the United Kingdom has the capability to operate one of its two 500 J, 500 fs short-pulse petawatt beams at the second harmonic, the principal reason being to increase the temporal contrast of the pulse on target. This is achieved post-compression, using 3 mm thick type-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals. Since the beam diameter of the compressed pulse is ～600 mm, it is impractical to achieve this over the full aperture due to the unavailability of the large aperture crystals. Frequency doubling was originally achieved on Orion using a circular sub-aperture of 300 mm diameter. The reduction in aperture limited the output energy to 100 J.The second-harmonic capability has been upgraded by taking two square 300 mm × 300 mm sub-apertures from the beam and combining them at focus using a single paraboloidal mirror, thus creating a 200 J, 500 fs, i.e., 400 TW facility at the second harmonic.

关键词：短脉冲激光技术物理学理论研究

Performance and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.J. Abicht S.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.S. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk S.V. Addepalli M.J. Addison J. Adelman A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik M.N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W.S. Ahmed S. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot M. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh i. Aizenberg M. Akbiyik T.P.A. Åkesson A.V. Akimov D. Akiyama N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco G.L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa i.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi M. Algren M. Alhroob B. Ali H.M.J. Ali S. Ali S.W. Alibocus M. Aliev G. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.M.M. Allbrooke J.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani M. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez M. Alves Cardoso M.G. Alviggi M. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung M. Amerl C.G. Ames D. Amidei S.P. Amor Dos Santos K.R. Amos V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J.K. Anders S.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M.T. Anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli F. Anulli M. Aoki T. Aoki J.A. Aparisi Pozo M.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S.J. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A.T.H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N.A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos S. Atashi R.J. Atkin M. Atkinson H. Atmani P.A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A.D. Auriol V.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia M. Bahmani A.J. Bailey V.R. Bailey J.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E.M. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.M. Baltes W.K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak M. Barakat E.L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero M.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari M-S. Barisits T. Barklow P. Baron D.A. Baron Mo The ATLAS Collaboration

The identification of jets originating from quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an important role in various analyses performed at the Large Hadron Collider,as Standard Model measurements and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced background.This paper describes the measurement of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAS Collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAS experiment.Two taggers with high performances in rejecting jets from gluon over jets from quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirements on the number of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other combines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A method is established to determine the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsamples defined by the jet pseudorapidity.Differences in tagging efficiency between data and simulation are provided for jets with transverse momentum between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for multiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAS JET QUARK GLUON TAGGiNG

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胰腺的CT检查 Ⅰ、正常解剖及胰腺炎

国际医学放射学杂志 1985年第4期 219-221页

作者： david H.Stephens M.D.

1984年9月10日至28日,两位美国著名放射学教授,hillier L.Baker,Jr.及david H.Stephens 应邀来华访问、讲学。Baker 教授是神经放射诊断专家,历任北美放射学会(RS-NA)副主席、美国神经放射学会主席、Radiology 杂志副主编等要职。Stephe... 详细信息

1984年9月10日至28日,两位美国著名放射学教授,hillier L.Baker,Jr.及david H.Stephens 应邀来华访问、讲学。Baker 教授是神经放射诊断专家,历任北美放射学会(RS-NA)副主席、美国神经放射学会主席、Radiology 杂志副主编等要职。Stephens 教授系消化系统X 线诊断及CT 方面专家,现任美国CT 协会副主席及美国放射医师考试委员会主席。现将他们的讲学内容整理发表如下。(本刊拟分三期刊出)

关键词：胰腺炎积液特征性胰腺疾病假性囊肿炎性囊肿胰腺胰腺脓肿胰管胰腺管胰腺结石胰腺实质 CT

城市转型——中东城市中从限制性随机聚集到精心设计的文化意图

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城市设计 2019年第5期 34-49页

作者：马克·大卫·马霍尔维琳娜·米林切娃赫巴·欧·唐诺思邓成汝(译) 卡塔尔大学工学院建筑及城市规划系阿鲁斯国际研究中心中国城市规划设计研究院

中东地区的定居点由于地理、自然、功能、文化、时间等因素很难进行描绘,但这里的新兴城市形态显然与世界上的其他城市一样,具有空间形式化过程这一特征。本文对卡塔尔首都多哈的空间结构进行了调查,证明"变形轮"空间结构最初是基于简... 详细信息

中东地区的定居点由于地理、自然、功能、文化、时间等因素很难进行描绘,但这里的新兴城市形态显然与世界上的其他城市一样,具有空间形式化过程这一特征。本文对卡塔尔首都多哈的空间结构进行了调查,证明"变形轮"空间结构最初是基于简单的邻接性和渗透性规则而出现的限制性随机聚集的(第一定律)结果,并在某种情况下转化为基于文化意图的(第三定律)空间策略的设计复制。本文还对多哈的街区和概念规划模型进行了分析,旨在阐明这种线性集成而层次分明的空间策略的含义。得出的结论是,这一空间形式化过程以最纯粹的形式升华了希利尔和汉森所提出的"变形轮"空间结构。

关键词：聚集文化中东复制城市