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The need for COVID-19 research in lowand middle-income countries

Global health Research and Policy 2020年第1期5卷 175-178页

作者： Madhu Gupta Brian Wahl Binita Adhikari Naor Bar-Zeev Sudip Bhandari Alexandra Coria Daniel J.Erchick Nidhi Gupta Shreya hariyani EWangeci Kagucia Japhet Killewo Rupali Jayant Limaye Eric DMc.Collum Raghukul Pandey William S.Pomat Krishna D.Rao Mathuram Santosham Molly Sauer Rhoda K.Wanyenze david h.peters Department of Community Medicine and School of Public health Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchMadhya MargSector 12Chandigarh 160012India Department of International health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUSA International Vaccine Access Center Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUSA health Foundation Nepal KathmanduNepal Maimonides Medical Center New YorkUSA Epidemiology and Demography Department KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeKilifiKenya Muhimbili University of health and Allied Sciences Dar es SalaamTanzania Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences Department of PediatricsJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreUSA Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research GorokaPapua New Guinea Makerere University School of Public health KampalaUganda

In the early months of the pandemic,most reported cases and deaths due to COVID-19 occurred in high-income ***,insufficient testing could have led to an underestimation of true infections in many low-and middle-income *** confirmed cases increase,the ultimate impact of the pandemic on individuals and communities in low-and middle-income countries is *** therefore propose research in three broad areas as urgently needed to inform responses in low-and middle-income countries:transmission patterns of SARS-CoV-2,the clinical characteristics of the disease,and the impact of pandemic prevention and response *** these questions will require a multidisciplinary approach led by local investigators and in some cases additional *** research activities should be done to help mitigate the potential burden of COVID-19 in low-and middle-income countries without diverting the limited human resources,funding,or medical supplies from response activities.

关键词： COVID-19 Research agenda Global health

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Real-time solution of nonlinear potential flow equations for lifting rotors

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2017年第3期30卷 871-880页

作者： Jianzhe hUANG david peters Department of Energy and Power Engineering Harbin Engineering University Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Washington University in St.Louis

Analysis of rotorcraft dynamics requires solution of the rotor induced flow ***,the appropriate model to be used for induced flow is nonlinear potential flow theory（which is the basis of vortex-lattice methods）.These nonlinear potential flow equations sometimes must be solved in real time––such as for real-time flight simulation,when observers are needed for controllers,or in preliminary design *** this paper,the major effects of nonlinearities on induced flow are studied for lifting rotors in low-speed flight and *** approach is to use a nonlinear statespace model of the induced flow based on a Galerkin treatment of the potential flow equations.

关键词： Mass-flow Nonlinear Potential flow Real-time flight simulator Rotorcraft dynamics Swirl Wake contraction

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Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina hromada Patrick heimel Markus Kerbl LászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Schaedl James Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.heinzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas h.Teuschl-Woller david hercher Department Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGCs). however, the use of tNGCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGCs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGCs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGCs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

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Optimum blade loading for a powered rotor in descent

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2016年第3期29卷 580-584页

作者： Ramin Modarres david A.peters Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Washington University in St.Louis

The optimum loading for rotors has previously been found for hover, climb and wind turbine conditions; but, up to now, no one has determined the optimum rotor loading in descent. This could be an important design consideration for rotary-wing parachutes and low-speed des- cents. In this paper, the optimal loading for a powered rotor in descent is found from momentum theory based on a variational principle. This loading is compared with the optimal loading for a rotor in hover or climb and with the Betz rotor loading （which is optimum for a lightly-loaded rotor）. Wake contraction for each of the various loadings is also presented.

关键词： Descent helicopterInflow Loading Optimum

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Effect of Soil Water Repellency on Energy Partitioning Between Soil and Atmosphere:A Conceptual Approach

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Pedosphere 2014年第4期24卷 498-507页

作者： h.SChONSKY A.peters G.WESSOLEK Department of Soil Conservation Institute of EcologyTechnical University of BerlinD-10587 Berlin(Germany)

Water repellency(WR) is a phenomenon known from many soils around the world and can occur in arid as well as in humid climates;few studies,however,have examined the effect of soil WR on the soil-plant-atmosphere energy *** aim of our study was to estimate the effects of soil WR on the calculated soil-atmosphere energy balance,using a solely model-based *** made out evapotranspiration to have the largest influence on the energy balance;therefore the effect of WR on actual evapotranspiration was *** achieve this we used climate data and measured soil hydraulic properties of a potentially water-repellent sandy soil from a site near Berlin,Germany.A numerical 1D soil water balance model in which WR was incorporated in a straightforward way was applied,using the effective cross section *** were carried out with vegetated soil and bare *** simulation results showed a reduction in evapotranspiration of 30-300 mm year^(-1)(9%-76%) at different degrees of WR compared to completely wettable soil,depending on the severity degree of soil *** energy that is not being transported away by water vapor(i.e.,due to reduced evapotranspiration) had to be transformed into other parts of the energy balance and thus would influence the local climate.

关键词： climate effective cross section evapotranspiration soil-atmosphere energy balance soil hydraulic property water balance

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Perceptual tolerance neighborhood-based similarity in content-based image retrieval and classification

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2012年第2期5卷 164-185页

作者： Amir h.Meghdadi James F.peters Electrical and Computer Engineering University of ManitobaWinnipegCanada School of Mathematics University of HyderabadHyderabadIndia

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of using perceptual tolerance neighbourhoods in tolerance space-based image similarity measures and its application in content-based image classification and ***/methodology/approach–The proposed method in this paper is based on a set-theoretic approach,where an image is viewed as a set of local visual *** method also includes a tolerance relation that detects the similarity between pairs of elements,if the difference between corresponding feature vectors is less than a threshold 2(0,1).Findings–It is shown that tolerance space-based methods can be successfully used in a complete content-based image retrieval(CBIR)***,it is shown that perceptual tolerance neighbourhoods can replace tolerance classes in CBIR,resulting in more accuracy and less ***/value–The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of perceptual tolerance neighbourhoods instead of tolerance classes in a new form of the henry-peters tolerance-based nearness measure(tNM)and a new neighbourhood-based tolerance-covering nearness measure(tcNM).Moreover,this paper presents a side–by–side comparison of the tolerance space based methods with other published methods on a test dataset of images.

关键词： Image similarity Nearness measure Distance measurement Content-based image retrieval(CBIR) Perceptual tolerance neighbourhoods Tolerance spaces Tolerances Measurement

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The Katanin Microtubule Severing Protein in Plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第8期49卷 1174-1182页

作者： david h.Burk Department of Plant Biology University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia 30602USA

Katanin is a heterodimeric microtubule （MT） severing protein that uses energy from ATP hydrolysis to generate internal breaks along MTs. Katanin p60, one of the two subunits, possesses ATPase and MT-binding/severing activities, and the p 80 subunit is responsible for targeting of katanin to certain subcellular locations. In animals, katanin plays an important role in the release of MTs from their nucleation sites in the centrosome. It is also involved in severing MTs into smaller fragments which can serve as templates for further polymerization to increase MT number during meiotic and mitotic spindle assembly. Katanin homologs are present in a wide variety of plant species. The Arabidopsis katanin homolog has been shown to possess ATP-dependent MT severing activity in vitro and exhibit a punctate localization pattern at the cell cortex and the perinuclear region. Disruption of katanin functions by genetic mutations causes a delay in the disappearance of the perinuclear MT array and results in an aberrant organization of cortical MTs in elongating cells. Consequently, katanin mutations lead to defects in cell elongation, cellulose microfibril deposition, and hormonal responses. Studies of katanin in plants provide new insights into our understanding of its roles in cellular functions.

关键词： katanin microtubules microtubule severing protein.

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Assessment of groundwater quantity, quality, and associated health risk of the Tano river basin, Ghana

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 325-353页

作者： Adwoba Kua-Manza Edjah Bruce Banoeng-Yakubo Anthony Ewusi Enoch Sakyi-Yeboah david Saka Clara Turetta Giulio Cozzi david Atta-peters Larry Pax Chegbeleh Water Resources Research Centre Ghana Atomic Energy CommissionAccraGhana Earth Science Department University of GhanaLegonAccraGhana Geological Engineering Department University of Mines and TechnologyTarkwaGhana Department of Statistics University of GhanaAccraLegonGhana Institute of Polar Sciences National Research Council of ItalyVeniceItaly

In the Tano River Basin,groundwater serves as a crucial resource;however,its quantity and quality with regard to trace elements and microbiological loadings remain poorly understood due to the lack of groundwater logs and limited water *** study presents a comprehensive analysis of the Tano River Basin,focusing on three key ***,it investigated the aquifer hydraulic parameters and the results showed signiﬁcant spatial variations in borehole depths,yields,transmissivity,hydraulic conductivity,and speciﬁc *** boreholes were concentrated in the northeastern and southeastern zones,while geological formations,particu-larly the Apollonian Formation,exhibit a strong inﬂuence on borehole *** study identiﬁed areas with high transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity in the southern and eastern regions,suggesting good groundwater avail-ability and suitability for sustainable water ***-ondly,the research investigated the groundwater quality and observed that the majority of borehole samples fall within WhO(Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality,Environmental health Criteria,Geneva,2011,***://***)***,some samples have ph levels below the standards,although the groundwater generally qualiﬁes as *** study further explores hydrochemical facies and health risk assessment,highlighting the dominance of Ca–hCO3 water *** element analysis reveals minimal health risks from most elements,with chromium(Cr)as the primary contributor to chronic health ***,this study has provided a key insights into the Tano River Basin’s hydrogeology and associated health *** outcome of this research has contributed to the broader understanding of hydrogeologi-cal dynamics and the importance of managing groundwater resources sustainably in complex geological environments.

关键词： Groundwater Unsupervised machine learning technique hydrochemistry Aquifer hydraulic parameter health risk

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造迹生物鉴定的翼龙足部分类(英文)

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地球学报 2010年第S1期31卷 55-56页

作者： david peters 9 Greenfield Court St.CharlesMO 63303 USA

Currently there is no ready reference source of pterosaur pedes available to match ichnotaxa to potential trackmakers.

关键词：生物鉴定翼龙足部分类

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A Short-Range Quantitative Precipitation Forecast Algorithm Using Back-Propagation Neural Network Approach

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第3期23卷 405-414页

作者：冯业荣 david h.KITZMILLER Department of Atmospheric Science hydrology Laboratory

A back-propagation neural network （BPNN） was used to establish relationships between the shortrange （0-3-h） rainfall and the predictors ranging from extrapolative forecasts of radar reflectivity, satelliteestimated cloud-top temperature, lightning strike rates, and Nested Grid Model （NGM） outputs. Quan- titative precipitation forecasts （QPF） and the probabilities of categorical precipitation were obtained. Results of the BPNN algorithm were compared to the results obtained from the multiple linear regression algorithm for an independent dataset from the 1999 warm season over the continental United States. A sample forecast was made over the southeastern United States. Results showed that the BPNN categorical rainfall forecasts agreed well with Stage Ⅲ observations in terms of the size and shape of the area of rainfall. The BPNN tended to over-forecast the spatial extent of heavier rainfall amounts, but the positioning of the areas with rainfall ≥25.4 mm was still generally accurate. It appeared that the BPNN and linear regression approaches produce forecasts of very similar quality, although in some respects BPNN slightly outperformed the regression.

关键词： quantitative precipitation forecast BP neural network WSR-88D Doppler radar lightning strike rate infrared satellite data NGM model

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