Regulatory T cells(Tregs)promote immune homeostasis by maintaining self-tolerance and regulating inflammatory *** certain inflammatory conditions,Tregs can lose their lineage stability and *** studies have reported th...
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Regulatory T cells(Tregs)promote immune homeostasis by maintaining self-tolerance and regulating inflammatory *** certain inflammatory conditions,Tregs can lose their lineage stability and *** studies have reported that ex vivo exposure to retinoic acid(RA)enhances Treg function and ***,it is unknown how RA receptor signaling in Tregs influences these processes in ***,we employed mouse models in which RA signaling is silenced by the expression of the dominant negative receptor(DN)RARαin all T *** the fact that DNRARαconventional T cells are hypofunctional,Tregs had increased CD25 expression,STAT5 pathway activation,mTORC1 signaling and supersuppressor ***,DNRARαTregs had increased inhibitory molecule expression,amino acid transporter expression,and metabolic fitness and decreased antiapoptotic *** function was observed when wild-type mice were treated with a pharmacologic pan-RAR ***,Treg-specific expression of DNRARαresulted in distinct phenotypes,such that a single allele of DNRARαin Tregs heightened their suppressive function,and biallelic expression led to loss of suppression and *** loss of Treg function was not cell intrinsic,as Tregs that developed in a noninflammatory milieu in chimeric mice reconstituted with DNRARαand wild-type bone marrow maintained the enhanced suppressive *** mapping suggested that maintaining Treg stability in an inflammatory milieu requires RA *** findings indicate that RA signaling acts as a rheostat to balance Treg function in inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions in a dose-dependent manner.
A complex network of cellular receptors,RNA targeting pathways,and small-molecule signaling provides robust plant immunity and tolerance to *** maximize their fitness,viruses must evolve control mechanisms to balance ...
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A complex network of cellular receptors,RNA targeting pathways,and small-molecule signaling provides robust plant immunity and tolerance to *** maximize their fitness,viruses must evolve control mechanisms to balance host immune evasion and plant-damaging *** genus Potyvirus comprises plant viruses characterized by RNA genomes that encode large polyproteins led by the P1 protease.A P1 autoinhibitory domain controls polyprotein processing,the release of a downstream functional RNAsilencing suppressor,and viral ***,we show that P1Pro,a plum pox virus clone that lacks the P1 autoinhibitory domain,triggers complex reprogramming of the host transcriptome and high levels of abscisic acid(ABA)accumulation.A meta-analysis highlighted ABA connections with host pathways known to control RNA stability,turnover,maturation,and *** changes triggered by P1Pro infection or ABA showed similarities in host RNA abundance and *** and hormone treatment assays showed that ABA promotes plant resistance to potyviral ***,quantitative mathematical modeling of viral replication in the presence of defense pathways supported self-control of polyprotein processing kinetics as a viral mechanism that attenuates the magnitude of the host antiviral ***,our findings indicate that ABA is an active player in plant antiviral immunity,which is nonetheless evaded by a self-controlled RNA virus.
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