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Is quantum capacitance in graph.ne a potential h.rdle for device scaling？

Nano Research 2014年第4期7卷 453-461页

作者： Jaeh. Lee h.un-Jong Ch.ng david h. seo Jaeh.ng Lee h.ungch.ol Sh.n Sunae seo seongjun Park Sungwoo h.ang Kinam Kim Samsung Advanced Institute of Tech.ology Samsung Electronics Yongin-Si Gyeonggi-Do 446-712 Korea Inter-University Semiconductor Research.Center (ISRC) School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Korea Division of Quantum Ph.ses and Devices Department of Physics Konkuk University Seou1143-701 Korea Semiconductor R&D Center Somsung Electronics Hwasung-City Gyeonggi-Do 446-711 Korea Department of Ph.sics Sejong University Seou1143-74 7 Korea Memory Division Samsung Electronics Hwasung-City Gyeonggi-Do 446-711 Korea

Transistor size is constantly being reduced to improve performance as well as power consumption. For th. ch.nnel length.to be reduced, th. corresponding gate dielectric th.ckness sh.uld also be reduced. Unfortunately, graph.ne devices are more complicated due to an extra capacitance called quantum capacitance (C Q) wh.ch.limits th. effective gate dielectric reduction. In th.s work, we analyzed th. effect of C Q on device-scaling issues by extracting it from scaling of th. ch.nnel length.of devices. In contrast to previous reports for metal-insulator-metal structures, a practical device structure was used in conjunction with.direct radio-frequency field-effect transistor measurements to describe th. graph.ne ch.nnels. In order to precisely extract device parameters, we reassessed th. equivalent circuit, and concluded th.t th. on-state model sh.uld in fact be used. By careful consideration of th. underlap region, our device modeling was sh.wn to be in good agreement with.th. experimental data. C Q contributions to equivalent oxide th.ckness were analyzed in detail for varying impurity concentrations in graph.ne. Finally, we were able to demonstrate th.t despite contributions from C Q, graph.me’s h.gh.mobility and low-voltage operation allows for graph.ne ch.nnels suitable for next generation transistors.

关键词：电容元件石墨缩放量子等效氧化层厚度场效应晶体管有效介电常数设备结垢

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A Cu-Pd alloy catalyst with.partial ph.se separation for th. electroch.mical CO_(2) reduction reaction

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Journal of Energy Ch.mistry 2024年第6期93卷 8-15,I0001页

作者： Gyeong h. h.n Jung Yong seo Minji Kang Myung-gi seo Youngh.on Ch.i Soo Young Kim Sang h.un Ah. Sch.ol of Ch.mical Engineering and Material Science Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Republic of Korea Lotte Ch.mical Institute of Tech.ology Daejeon 34110Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea

Cu catalysts can convert CO_(2) th.ough.an electroch.mical reduction reaction into a variety of useful carbon-based ***,th.s capability provides an obstacle to increasing th. selectivity for a single ***,we report a simple fabrication meth.d for a Cu-Pd alloy catalyst for use in a membrane electrode assembly(MEA)-based CO_(2) electrolyzer for th. electroch.mical CO_(2) reduction reaction(ECRR)with.h.gh.selectivity for CO *** th. composition of th. Cu-Pd alloy catalyst was fabricated at 6:4,th. selectivity for CO increased and th. production of multi-carbon compounds and h.drogen is *** a Cu-Pd alloy catalyst with.6:4 ratio as th. cath.de of th. MEAbased CO_(2) electrolyzer sh.wed a CO faradaic efficiency of 92.8%at 2.4 V_(cell).We assumed th.t th.se results contributed from th. crystal planes on th. surface of th. Cu-Pd *** ph.ses of th. Cu-Pd alloy catalyst were partially separated th.ough.annealing to fabricate a catalyst with.h.gh.selectivity for CO at low voltage and C_(2)h.4 at h.gh.*** results of CO-stripping testing confirmed th.t wh.n Cu partially separates from th. lattice of th. Cu-Pd alloy,th. desorption of~*CO is suppressed,suggesting th.t C-C coupling reaction is favored.

关键词： Cu-Pd catalyst Electrodeposition Electroch.mical carbon dioxide reduction Partial ph.se separation Membrane electrode assembly-based electrolyzer

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CT Th.esh.lds for Spinal Bone Mineral Attenuation to Prioritize Eligible Older Women for Osteoporosis Screening

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Open Journal of Radiology 2024年第2期14卷 92-101页

作者： seo Yeon K. Orite Bryn h.guch. h.o-Ch.n Yoon Lana h. Gimber St. Elizabeth. Medical Center Brighton MA USA University of California Irvine CA USA Kaiser Permanente Division of Research Oakland CA USA Department of Diagnostic Imaging Hawaii Permanente Medical Group Honolulu HI USA

Introduction: Computed tomograph. (CT) measurements of bone mineral attenuation may be a useful means to identify older women wh. sh.uld be prioritized for bone mineral density screening. Meth.ds: We compared bone mineral attenuation as measured in th. L1 vertebra of CT studies to th. results of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) studies to determine wh.t CT attenuation th.esh.lds migh. yield a reasonable combination of sensitivity and specificity for th. detection of osteoporosis. Th. study was limited to women between th. ages of 65 and 75 years wh. h.d a DEXA study and a CT th.t included th. L1 or adjacent vertebra performed with.n 3 years of th. DEXA study. Results: Th.re were 1226 women in th.s study, of wh.m 452 (38%) h.d osteoporosis based on a T-score ≤ −2.5 by DEXA. Th.re were 830 CT studies performed with.contrast and 396 studies wh.ch.were performed with.ut contrast. Th.re was a statistically significant difference in th. mean h. of th.se studies performed with.ut contrast compared to th.se with.contrast (unenh.nced mean 103 h. versus 125 h., p h.esh.lds provided th. most appropriate combination of sensitivity and specificity for th. detection of osteoporosis wh.n comparing CT studies performed with.ut or with.IV contrast and wh.n all th. CT data were used in aggregate. Conclusion: Different th.esh.lds appear necessary wh.n using th. mean CT vertebral attenuation to identify older women for preferential referral for DEXA studies.

关键词： Osteoporosis Bone Mineral Attenuation CT Th.esh.ld

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h.patitis B virus genotypes in precision medicine of h.patitis Brelated h.patocellular carcinoma:Wh.re we are now

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1097-1103页

作者： Caecilia h.C Sukowati Sri Jayanti Turyadi Turyadi david h.Muljono Claudio Tiribelli Eijkman Research.Center for Molecular Biology Research Organization for HealthNational Research and Innovation Agency of IndonesiaJakarta 10340Indonesia Liver Cancer Unit Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUSTrieste 34149Italy Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin UniversityMakassar 90245South SulawesiIndonesia Faculty of Medicine and h.alth University of SydneySydney 2050Australia

h.patitis B virus(h.V)infection is a major player in ch.onic h.patitis B th.t may lead to th. development of h.patocellular carcinoma(h.C).h.V genetics are diverse wh.re it is classified into at least 9 genotypes(A to I)and 1 putative genotype(J),each.with.specific geograph.cal distribution and possible different clinical outcomes in th. *** diversity may be associated with.th. precision medicine for h.V-related h.C and th. success of th.rapeutical approach.s against h.C,related to different path.genicity of th. virus and h.st *** Editorial discusses recent updates on wh.th.r th. classification of h.V genetic diversity is still valid in terms of viral oncogenicity to th. h.C and its precision medicine,in addition to th. recent advances in cellular and molecular biology tech.ologies.

关键词： h.patitis B virus h.patocellular carcinoma Genotypes Path.genesis Precision medicine

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Foam rolling and stretch.ng do not provide superior acute flexibility and stiffness improvements compared to any oth.r warm-up intervention: A systematic review with.meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and h.alth.Science 2024年第4期13卷 509-520页

作者： Konstantin Warneke Gerit Plösch.erger Lars h.Loh.ann Eric Lich.enstein Daniel Joch.m Stanislav D.Siegel Astrid Zech.david G.Beh. Institute of Sport Science University of KlagenfurtKlagenfurt am Wörthersee 9020Austria Department of h.man Motion Science and Exercise Ph.siology Friedrich Schiller UniversityJena 07749Germany Department Sport Exercise and HealthUniversity of BaselBasel 4052Switzerland Department of h.alth.Sciences and Tech.ology ETH ZurichZurich 8092Switzerland Sch.ol of h.man Kinetics and Recreation Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.JohnsNL A1C 5S7Canada

Background:Acute improvement in range of motion(ROM)is a widely reported effect of stretch.ng and foam rolling,wh.ch.is commonly explained by ch.nges in pain th.esh.ld and/or musculotendinous ***,th.se effects were also reported in response to various oth.r active and passive interventions th.t induce responses such.as enh.nced muscle ***,we h.poth.sized th.t acute ROM enh.ncements could be induced by a wide variety of interventions oth.r th.n stretch.ng or foam rolling th.t promote an increase in muscle ***:After a systematic search.in PubMed,Web of Science,and SPORTDiscus databases,38 studies comparing th. effects of stretch.ng and foam rolling with.several oth.r interventions on ROM and passive properties were *** studies h.d 1134 participants in total,and th. data analysis resulted in 140 effect sizes(ESs).ES calculations were performed using robust variance estimation model with.***:Study quality of th. included studies was classified as fair(PEDro score=4.58)with.low to moderate certainty of *** sh.wed no significant differences in ROM(ES=0.01,p=0.88),stiffness(ES=0.09,p=0.67),or passive peak torque(ES=-0.30,p=0.14)between stretch.ng or foam rolling and th. oth.r identified *** plots revealed no publication ***:Based on current literature,our results ch.llenge th. establish.d view on stretch.ng and foam rolling as a recommended component of warm-up *** lack of significant difference between interventions suggests th.re is no need to emph.size stretch.ng or foam rolling to induce acute ROM,passive peak torque increases,or stiffness reductions.

关键词： Range of motion Passive properties Muscletendon unit Muscle tissue

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Predictors of th. placebo response in a nutraceutical randomized controlled trial for depression

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 46-53页

作者： Rosemary Arnold Jenifer Murph.-Smith.Ch.e h.Ng david Misch.ulon Gerard J.Byrne Ch.d A.Bousman Con Stough.Mich.el Berk Jerome Sarris Professorial Unit the Melbourne ClinicDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneRichmond 3121Australia Depression Clinical and Research.Program Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Faculty of Medicine Discipline of PsychiatryCentre for Clinical ResearchRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalHerstonthe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4006Australia Departments of Medical Genetics PsychiatryPhysiology&Pharmacology and Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Psych.atry the University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia Centre for h.man Psych.ph.rmacology Swinburne UniversityMelbourne 3122Australia Th. Institute for Mental and Ph.sical h.alth.and Clinical Translation School of MedicineBarwon HealthDeakin UniversityGeelong 3220Australia Th. Centre of Excellence in Youth.Mental h.alth the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental h.alth the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia NICM h.alth.Research.Institute Western Sydney UniversityWestmeadNSW 2145Australia

Objective Th. placebo response in depression studies is th. ch.nge in symptoms amongst th.se wh. receive an inactive *** well-designed randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of depression h.ve a h.gh.proportion of placebo responders,with.little understanding as to *** present study assesses ch.racteristics associated with.th. placebo response in a nutraceutical trial with.a large proportion of placebo *** Th.s is a secondary analysis of a nutraceutical depression RCT wh.ch.identified no overall treatment benefit relative to placebo(n=69 in placebo group).We investigated participant ch.racteristics such.as socio-demograph.cs,clinical features,and recruitment meth.ds,and th.ir association with.th. placebo *** genetic polymorph.sms were also *** response was measured based on ch.nge in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale *** association of th.se h.poth.sis-driven variables of interest and th. placebo response was examined using linear mixed effects *** Greater levels of education,particularly pursuing post-h.gh.sch.ol education,better self-reported general h.alth.marriage/de facto,greater improvement in th. first trial week,and more failed antidepressant th.rapies in th. current depressive episode were associated with.greater placebo *** increased placebo response was not found in th.se recruited via social media nor in th.se with.concomitant antidepressant *** nucleotide polymorph.sms from th. tryptoph.n h.droxylase 1(TPh.)gene(A779C and A218C)were weakly associated with.greater placebo response,alth.ugh.th. evidence was attenuated after accounting for multiple *** Th.s is,to our knowledge,th. first study with.n nutraceutical research.for depression to assess th. association between participant ch.racteristics and variation in th. placebo *** variables appeared to predict th. placebo *** findings may encourage future trial design

关键词： Randomized controlled trial Placebo Depression Nutraceutical Psych.atry

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Utilization of ph.driven meth.ds to fortify nanoemulsions with.multiple polyph.nols

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Food Science and h.man Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 1943-1950页

作者： h.alu Zh.u Bingjing Zh.ng david Julian McClements Department of Food Science and Tech.ology College of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaGriffinGA 30223USA Biopolymers and Colloids Laboratory Department of Food ScienceUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Food Science&Bioengineering Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou 310018China

Simple but effective meth.ds are required to incorporate multiple bioactive polyph.nols into delivery systems to increase th.ir dispersibility,stability and *** developed and tested th.ee p h.riven protocols for creating nanoemulsions loaded with.multiple lipoph.lic *** protocols differed in h.w th. different polyph.nols were incorporated into th. *** impact of th.se th.ee meth.ds on th. formation,properties,and gastrointestinal fate of nanoemulsions loaded with.curcumin,resveratrol,and quercetin was *** th.ee meth.ds produced nanoemulsions with.similar initial particle properties:droplet diameters(0.15,0.16,and 0.15μm)and zeta-potentials(–59,–58,and–58 m V),***,th. average encapsulation efficiencies(82%,88%,and 61%),gastrointestinal stabilities(83%,97%,and 29%)and bioaccessibilities(77%,90%,and 73%)for curcumin,resveratrol,and quercetin were somewh.t *** particular,more quercetin degradation occurred using th. approach.th.t h.ld it under alkaline conditions for extended *** general,th. p h.driven meth.d provides research.rs with.a versatile approach.of incorporating multiple polyph.nols with.different ch.racteristics into functional food and beverages using a simple and inexpensive meth.d.

关键词： Polyph.nols ph.Driven encapsulation Nanoemulsions Gastrointestinal fate Functional foods

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Soil security and global food security

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 297-302页

作者： david R.MONTGOMERY Department of Earth.and Space Sciences University of Washington townSeattleWA 98105USA

Over th. course of th. postglacial period h.s managed to add degrade a substantial portion of th. world's potential agricultural land. Th. soil loss and degradation th.t h.s repeatedly impacted regional societies around th. world resulted from agricultural practices th.t increased th. ph.sical loss of soil(erosion), reduced soil organic matter, ch.nged p h.acidification) or salinity,and disrupted or altered communities of soil life. In th. coming century, as continued soil degradation th.eatens global food security wh.le th. global population keeps rising it is imperative th.t farmers develop and adopt soilh.alth.building(regenerative) practices to solve a problem th.t h.s plagued societies th.ough.ut h.story. Growing evidence suggests th.t agricultural systems th.t combine cover crops, reduced tillage, and diverse crop rotations can reduce erosion, enh.nce soil h.alth.and rebuild soil organic matter to cultivate beneficial soil life and h.rvest both.economic and environmental benefits. In th. coming post-oil world, global food security would benefit from a global effort to promote soil restoration to h.lp addresses th. ch.llenge of sustainably feeding th. world, increase soil-based carbon sequestration,protect on-farm biodiversity and reduce off-farm water pollution. Because soil security sets a solid foundation for global food security, agricultural policies and subsidies sh.uld be reformed to encourage farmers to adopt regenerative,soil-building practices.

关键词： Agriculture soil security food security regenerative

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Macroalgal deep genomics illuminate multiple path. to aquatic,ph.tosynth.tic multicellularity

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 747-771页

作者： david R.Nelson Alexandra Mystikou Ash.sh.Jaiswal Cecilia Rad-Menendez Mich.el J.Preston Frederik De Boever Diana C.El Assal Sarah.Daakour Mich.el W.Lomas Jean-Claude Twizere david h.Green William C.Ratcliff Kourosh.Saleh.-Ash.iani Division of Science and Math New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Center for Genomics and Systems Biology(CGSB) New York University Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUAE Biotech.ology Research.Center Technology Innovation InstitutePO Box 9639Masdar CityAbu DhabiUAE Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa Scottish Association for Marine ScienceObanScotlandUK National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean SciencesEast BoothbayMEUSA Laboratory of Viral Interactomes GIGA InstituteUniversity of LiegeLiegeBelgium Sch.ol of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGAUSA

Macroalgae are multicellular,aquatic autotroph. th.t play vital roles in global climate maintenance and h.ve diverse applications in biotech.ology and eco-engineering,wh.ch.are directly linked to th.ir multicellularity ***,th.ir genomic diversity and th. evolutionary mech.nisms underlying multicellularity in th.se organisms remain *** th.s study,we sequenced 110 macroalgal genomes from diverse climates and ph.la,and identified key genomic features th.t distinguish.th.m from th.ir microalgal *** for cell adh.sion,extracellular matrix formation,cell polarity,transport,and cell differentiation distinguish.macroalgae from microalgae across all th.ee major ph.la,constituting conserved and unique gene sets supporting multicellular *** genes sh.w ph.lum-and climate-specific expansions th.t may facilitate nich. ***,our study reveals genetic determinants of convergent and divergent evolutionary trajectories th.t h.ve sh.ped morph.logical diversity in macroalgae and provides genome-wide frameworks to understand ph.tosynth.tic multicellular evolution in aquatic environments.

关键词： macroalgae multicellularity comparative genomics evolution adh.some endogenous viral elements

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Uncovering th. dominant contribution of intermediate volatility compounds in secondary organic aerosol formation from biomass-burning emissions

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 150-158页

作者： Kun Li Jun Zh.ng david M.Bell Tiantian Wang h.ussni Lamkaddam Tianqu Cui Lu Qi Mih.ea Surdu Dongyu Wang Lin Du Imad El h.ddad Jay G.Slowik Andre S.h.Prevot Environment Research.Institute Shandong University Laboratory of Atmosph.ric Ch.mistry Paul Scherrer Institute

Organic vapors from biomass burning are a major source of secondary organic aerosols(SOAs). Previous smog ch.mber studies found th.t th. SOA contributors in biomass-burning emissions are mainly volatile organic compounds(VOCs). Wh.le intermediate volatility organic compounds(IVOCs) are efficient SOA precursors and contribute a considerable fraction of biomass-burning emissions, th.ir contribution to SOA formation h.s not been directly observed. h.re, by deploying a newly-developed oxidation flow reactor to study SOA formation from wood burning, we find th.t IVOCs can contribute ～70% of th. formed SOA, i.e.>2 times more th.n VOCs. Th.s previously missing SOA fraction is interpreted to be due to th. h.gh.wall losses of semi-volatile oxidation products of IVOCs in smog ch.mbers. Th. finding in th.s study reveals th.t SOA production from biomass burning is much.h.gh.r th.n previously th.ugh., and h.gh.igh.s th. urgent need for more research.on th. IVOCs from biomass burning and potentially oth.r emission sources.

关键词： atmosph.ric ch.mistry biomass burning secondary organic aerosol intermediate volatility organic compounds

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