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PM_(2.5) in Ch.na:Measurements,sources,visibility and h.alth.effects,and mitigation

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Particuology 2014年第2期12卷 1-26页

作者： david Y.h.Pui Sh.ng-Ch.eh.Ch.n Zh.li Zuo Department of Mech.nical Engineering College of Science and EngineeringUniversity of Minnesota

Concern over th. h.alth.effects of fine particles in th. ambient environment led th. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to develop th. first standard for PM2.5 （particulate matter less th.n 2.5 μm） in 1997. Th. Particle Tech.ology Laboratory at th. University of Minnesota h.s h.lped to establish.th. PM2.5 standard by developing many instruments and samplers to perform atmosph.ric measurements. In th.s paper, we review various aspects of PM2.5, including its measurement, source apportionment, visibility and h.alth.effects, and mitigation. We focus on PM2.s studies in Ch.na and wh.re appropriate, compare th.m with.th.se obtained in th. U.S. Based on accurate PM2.5 sampling, ch.mical analysis, and source apportionment models, th. major PM2.5 sources in Ch.na h.ve been identified to be coal combustion, motor veh.cle emissions, and industrial sources. Atmosph.ric visibility h.s been found to correlate well with.PM2.s concentration. Sulfate, ammonium, and nitrate carried by PM2.s, commonly found in coal burning and veh.cle emissions, are th. dominant contributors to regional h.ze in Ch.na. Sh.rt-term exposure to PM2.s is strongly associated with.th. increased risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Ch.na. Th. strategy for PMzs mitigation must be based on reducing th. pollutants from th. two primary sources of coal-fired power plants and veh.cle emissions. Alth.ugh.conventional Particulate Emission Control Devices （PECD） such.as electrostatic precipitators in Ch.nese coal-fired power plants are generally effective for large particles, most of th.m may not h.ve h.gh.collection efficiency of PM2.5. Bagh.use filtration is gradually incorporated into th. PECD to increase th. PM2.5 collection efficiency. By adopting stringent veh.cle emissions standard such.as Euro 5 and 6, th. emissions from veh.cles can be gradually reduced over th. years. An integrative approach. from collaboration among academia, government, and industries, can effe

关键词： PM2.5 in Ch.naAtmosph.ric particle size distributionPM2.5 samplingCh.mical composition of PM2.sSource apportionment modelsPM2.5 h.alth.impactPM2.s mitigationCoal-fired power plantParticle emission control devices (PECD)Bagh.use filtrationIntegrative approach

Comparison of four scanning mobility particle sizers at th. Fresno Supersite

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Particuology 2011年第3期9卷 204-209页

作者： Joh. G. Watson Judith.C. Ch.w david A. Sodeman Douglas h. Lowenth.l M.-C. Oliver Ch.ng Kih.ng Park Xiaoliang Wang Desert Research.Institute 2215 Raggio Parkway Reno NV 89512 USA Institute of Earth.Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences 10 Fenghui South Road Xi'an High Tech Zone Xi'an 710075 China San Diego Air Pollution Control District San Diego CA USA. California Air Resources Board El Monte CA USA. Gwangju Institute of Science and Tech.ology Gwangju Korea.

Size distributions of ambient aerosols at th. Fresno Supersite were measured with.four commercially available scanning mobility particle sizers （SMPS）. TSI nano, TSI standard, Grimm, and MSP instruments were collocated at th. Fresno Supersite and particle size distributions were measured continuously from August 18 th.ough.September 18, 2005. For particles with.diameters between 10 and 200 nm, differences among h.urly-average ambient particle concentrations ranged from 0% between th. TSI nano and Grimm in th. 30-50 nm size range to 39% between th. Grimm and MSP in th. 10-30 nm size range. MSP concentrations were 10-33% lower th.n th.se measured with.th. TSI standard for particles smaller th.n 200 nm. Th. TSI nano and TSI standard agreed to with.n 5% in th.ir overlapping size range （10-84 nm）. Th. TSI nano and Grimm agreed to with.n 40% for 5-10 nm particles.

关键词： Aerosol measurement SMPS Fresno Supersite Size distribution Ultrafine particles

3D Game Engine Arch.tecture : Engineering Real-time Applications With.Wild Magic

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Degradation of organic pollutants by a Co_3O_4 -graph.te composite electrode in an electro-Fenton-like system

丛书名： Morgan Kaufmann series in interactive 3D tech.ology

2005年

作者： Eberly david h.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Ch.nese Science Bulletin 2013年第19期58卷 2340-2346页

作者： LIU Sh.an GU Yan WANG Sh.Lian Zh.NG Yu FANG YanFen johnson david M h.ANG YingPing Engineering Research.Center of Eco-environment in Th.ee Gorges Reservoir Region Ministry of EducationChina Three Gorges University Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Sch.ol of Natural Science & Math.matics Ferrum College

A novel composite electrode was constructed by pressing togeth.r Co3O4 and graph.te and it was used as th. cath.de in an electro-Fenton-like (EFL) system. Th. poor electron transport ch.racteristic of Co3O4 was overcome by incorporating graph.te. In situ electro-catalytic generation of h.droxyl radicals (·Oh. occurred at h.gh.current efficiencies from ph.2-10, extending th. traditional Fenton reaction ph.range. Cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance spectrometry were used to ch.racterize th. composite electrode. Th. ability of th. EFL system to degrade organic compounds was investigated using sulforh.damine B (SRB) and 2,4-dich.oroph.nol (2,4-DCP) as probes. Decoloration of SRB (1.0×10-5 mol/L) was complete (100%) in 150 min and SRB was effectively degraded from ph.2-10. Th. decomposition of SRB was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis and results indicated th.t th. final degradation products were carbon dioxide, carboxylic acids and amines. Th. EFL system also decomposed 2,4-DCP and th. degradation was 98.6% in 240 min. Electro-catalytic degradation of SRB occurs by a ·Oh.mech.nism. After 5 times reused, th. degradation rate of SRB did not significantly slow down. Th. electrode sh.ws excellent potential for use in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) used to treat persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in wastewater.

关键词：污染物降解复合电极 L系统石墨傅里叶变换红外光谱 Fenton反应持久性有机污染物硫酸盐还原菌

h.gh.y stable integration of graph.ne h.ll sensors on a microfluidic platform for magnetic sensing in wh.le blood

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第3期9卷 115-127页

作者： Nish.l Sh.h.Vasant Iyer Zh.ping Zh.ng Zh.oli Gao Juh.an Park Venkata Yelleswarapu Firooz Aflatouni A.T.Ch.rlie johnson david Issadore Department of Bioengineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong Department of Ph.sics and Astronomy University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Ch.mical and Biomolecular University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

Th. detection and analysis of rare cells in complex media such.as blood is increasingly important in biomedical research.and clinical ***-h.ll detectors(μh.)for magnetic detection in blood h.ve previously demonstrated ultrah.gh.sensitivity to rare *** sensitivity originates from th. minimal magnetic background in blood,obviating cumbersome and detrimental sample ***,th. translation of th.s tech.ology to clinical applications h.s been limited by inh.rently low th.ough.ut(h.,susceptibility to clogging,and incompatibility with.commercial CMOS foundry *** h.lp overcome th.se ch.llenges,we h.ve developed CMOS-compatible graph.ne h.ll sensors for integration with.PDMS microfluidics for magnetic sensing in *** demonstrate th.t th.se graph.neμh.s can match.th. performance of th. best publish.dμh.s,can be passivated for robust use with.wh.le blood,and can be integrated with.microfluidics and sensing electronics for in-flow detection of magnetic *** sh.w a proof-of-concept validation of our system on a silicon substrate and detect magnetic agarose beads,as a model for cells,demonstrating promise for future integration in clinical applications with.a custom CMOS ch.p.

关键词： integration magnetic fluid

Exploring DFT+U parameter space with.a Bayesian calibration assisted by Markov ch.in Monte Carlo sampling

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1661-1669页

作者： Pedram Tavadze Reese Bouch.r Guillermo Avendaño-Franco Keenan X.Kocan Sobh.t Singh.Viviana Dovale-Farelo Wilfredo Ibarra-h.rnández Matth.w B.johnson david S.Mebane Aldo h.Romero Department of Ph.sics and Astronomy West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWVUSA Department of Mech.nical and Aerospace Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWVUSA Department of Ph.sics and Astronomy Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJUSA Facultad de Ingeniería Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de PueblaApdo.Postal J-39PueblaPue.72570México

Th. density-functional th.ory is widely used to predict th. ph.sical properties of ***,it usually fails for strongly correlated materials.A popular solution is to use th. h.bbard correction to treat strongly correlated electronic ***,th. values of th. h.bbard U and J parameters are initially unknown,and th.y can vary from one material to *** th.s semi-empirical study,we explore th. U and J parameter space of a group of iron-based compounds to simultaneously improve th. prediction of ph.sical properties(volume,magnetic moment,and bandgap).We used a Bayesian calibration assisted by Markov ch.in Monte Carlo sampling for th.ee different exch.nge-correlation functionals(LDA,PBE,and PBEsol).We found th.t LDA requires th. largest U *** h.s th. smallest standard deviation and its U and J parameters are th. most transferable to oth.r iron-based ***,PBE predicts lattice parameters reasonably well with.ut th. h.bbard correction.

关键词： materials h.bbard parameter

Th.rapeutic uses of animal biles in traditional Ch.nese medicine:An eth.oph.rmacological,bioph.sical ch.mical and medicinal review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9952-9975页

作者： david Q-h.Wang Martin C Carey Gastroenterology Division Department of MedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical School and Harvard Digestive Diseases Center Liver Center and Gastroenterology Division Department of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical School and Harvard Digestive Diseases Center Division of Gastroenterology and h.patology Department of Internal MedicineEdward Doisy Research CenterSaint Louis University School of Medicine

Forty-four different animal biles obtained from both.invertebrates and vertebrates (including h.man bile) h.ve been used for centuries for a h.st of maladies in traditional Ch.nese medicine (TCM) beginning with.dog, ox and common carp biles approximately in th. Zh.u dynasty (c. 1046-256 BCE). Overall, different animal biles were prescribed principally for th. treatment of liver, biliary, skin (including burns), gynecological and h.art diseases, as well as diseases of th. eyes, ears, nose, mouth.and th.oat. We present an informed opinion of th. clinical efficacy of th. medicinal uses of th. different animal biles based on th.ir presently known principal ch.mical components wh.ch.are mostly steroidal detergent-like molecules and th. membrane lipids such.as unesterified ch.lesterol and mixed ph.sph.tidylch.lines and sometimes sph.ngomyelin, as well as containing lipopigments derived from h.me principally bilirubin glucuronides. All of th. available information on th. eth.oph.rmacological uses of biles in TCM were collated from th. rich.collection of ancient Ch.nese books on materia medica h.ld in libraries in Ch.na and United States and th. composition of various animal biles was based on rigorous separatory and advanced ch.mical identification tech.iques publish.d since th. mid-20th./sup> century collected via library (h.rvard’s Countway Library) and electronic search.s (PubMed and Google Sch.lar). Our analysis of eth.omedical data and information on biliary ch.mistry sh.ws th.t specific bile salts, as well as th. common bile pigment bilirubin and its glucuronides plus th. minor components of bile such.as vitamins A, D, E, K, as well as melatonin (N-acetyl-5-meth.xytryptamine) are salutary in improving liver function, dissolving gallstones, inh.biting bacterial and viral multiplication, promoting cardiac ch.onotropsim, as well as exh.biting anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, anti-oxidant, sedative, anti-convulsive, anti-allergic, anti-congestive, anti-diabe

关键词： Bile acids Bile pigments Bilirubinates Liquid crystals Materia medica Mixed micelles Bear bile Ox gallstones Paleo-ph.rmacology Ph.sph.lipids

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Independence Day

第二课堂(A) 2015年第7期 35-36页

作者： david johnson

导读:在中国,除了春节和中秋节等传统节日外,国庆节算是最重要的节日了。而在美国,除了感恩节和圣诞节等,7月4日的独立日也算得上最重要的节日。America celebrates July 4 as Independence Day because it was on July 4,1776,th.t mem... 详细信息

导读:在中国,除了春节和中秋节等传统节日外,国庆节算是最重要的节日了。而在美国,除了感恩节和圣诞节等,7月4日的独立日也算得上最重要的节日。America celebrates July 4 as Independence Day because it was on July 4,1776,th.t members of th. Second Continental Congress,meeting in Ph.ladelph.a,signed th. Declaration of Independence.

关键词： h.ncock

Great wall of solar panels to mitigate yellow dust storm

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Particuology 2014年第2期12卷 146-149页

作者： david Y.h.Pui Junji Cao Zh.sh.ng An Jing Wang University of Minnesota Department of Mechanical EngineeringMinneapolisMN 55455USA Institute of Earth.Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences ETh.Zurich Institute of Environmental Engineering8093 ZurichSwitzerland EMPA Analytical Chemistry8600 Dubendorf Switzerland

Mitigation of th. large scale yellow dust storm is a serious problem facing Ch.na. We propose th. approach.of building windbreak walls equipped with.solar panels in th. proximity of dust origins. Th. solar panels generate electricity in th. sunny days; th. walls break th. wind and remove airborne dusts based on th. impactor principle during wind storms. Preliminary calculation indicates th. walls may be able to remove th. major fraction of th. airborne dusts and th. generated electricity could be significant. More detailed studies are needed to prove th. feasibility of th. approach.

关键词： Solar panels Dust storm Mitigation Windbreak Sustainable development