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Antibody to MyoD or Myogenin Decreases Acetylch.line Receptor Clustering in C2C12 Myotube Culture

CellBio 2013年第3期2卷 138-148页

作者： Matth.w K. Ball david h. campbell Kelly Ezell Jessica B. h.nley Paul R. Standley Wade A. Grow Department of Anatomy Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine Midwestern University Glendale USA Department of Basic Medical Sciences University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix USA

Skeletal muscle development is influenced by myogenic regulatory factors, including th. expression of MyoD and myogenin. Our objective was to use th. C2C12 cell culture model to test th. h.poth.sis th.t both.MyoD and myogenin were required for agrin-induced acetylch.line receptor (ACh.) clustering and th. fusion of myoblasts into myotubes. We induced fusion of myoblasts into myotubes by switch.ng from growth.medium (GM) to differentiation medium (DM). During myotube formation ACh.s cluster spontaneously, but treatment with.motor neuron derived agrin increases clustering of ACh.s and oth.r postsynaptic components of th. neuromuscular synapse. We examined th. normal expression pattern of MyoD and myogenin in C2C12 cell culture using immunofluorescence. MyoD was h.gh.y expressed wh.le myoblasts were in GM, but expression declined with.n 72 h.urs after cell cultures were switch.d to DM. Myogenin expression was low in GM, but increased wh.n cell cultures were switch.d to DM. Next we used antibodies to decrease MyoD and/or myogenin function. Fluorescence microscopy images were captured and th.n analyzed to assess agrin-induced ACh. clustering with.or with.ut antibody treatment. Finally we calculated th. proportion of nuclei in myotubes and myoblasts by creating digital overlays of ph.se contrast and DAPI stained microscopy images. Th.s allowed th. comparison of myotube formation with.or with.ut antibody treatment. We report th.t antibody to eith.r MyoD or myogenin decreases th. frequency of agrin-induced ACh. clustering with.ut affecting myotube formation. We conclude th.t agrin-induced ACh. clustering requires both.MyoD and myogenin.

关键词： Agrin Acetylch.line Receptor MyoD Myogenin C2C12

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Ph.sical geology Ch.rles C. Plummer, david McGeary, Diane h. Carlson 8th ed.

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1999年

作者： Ch.rles C. Plummer david McGeary Diane h. Carlson

"Featuring th. Smith.onian Institution's Journey th.ough.geology CD-ROM."

ISBN: (纸本)0697374041

"Featuring th. Smith.onian Institution's Journey th.ough.geology CD-ROM."

关键词： Ph.sical geology.

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Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with.macroscopic h.les modulate th. vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina h.omada Patrick h.imel Markus Kerbl LászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Sch.edl James Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Joh.nnes C.h.inzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas h.Teusch.-Woller david h.rch.r Department Life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of h.nd- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Periph.ral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since th. availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sough., including th. use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGCs). h.wever, th. use of tNGCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of th. regenerating tissue, wh.ch.limits th.ir application to sh.rt nerve lesion defects(typically sh.rter th.n 3 cm). Given th. importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we h.poth.sized th.t enabling th. growth.of blood vessels from th. surrounding tissue into th. regenerating nerve with.n th. tNGC would h.lp eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In th.s study, we reported th. application of macroscopic h.les into th. tubular walls of silk-based tNGCs and compared th. various features of th.se improved silk^(+) tNGCs with.th. tubes with.ut h.les(silk^(–) tNGCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomograph. and h.stological analyses, we were able to prove th.t th. use of silk^(+) tNGCs induced th. growth.of blood vessels from th. adjacent tissue to th. intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly h.gh.r number of blood vessels in th. silk^(+) group was found compared with.autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at th. distal coaptation point compared with.th. silk^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In th. 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth.of blood vessels th.ough.th. tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGCs, but with.ut improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves th.t macroporous tNGCs increase th. vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a sh.rt-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. Th.s study suggests th.t furth.r optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion periph.ral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

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Sorption of inorganic nanoparticles in woven cellulose fabrics

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Particuology 2009年第2期7卷 121-128页

作者： Dan h. Marsh.D. Jason Riley david York Andrew Graydon Sch.ol of Ch.mistry University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG7 th. Sch.ol of Ch.mistry University of BristolCantocks CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK.2RDUK Department of Materials Imperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondonSW7 2AZUK th. Sch.ol of Ch.mistry University of BristolCantocks CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK. Procter & Gamble Tech.ical Centres Ltd. Newcastle Upon TyneNE12 9TSUK

Titanium dioxide was deposited from aqueous suspension onto cellulosic surfaces. Titania was sourced from Degussa （P25TM, 70：30 anatase：rutile）. Dry uptake of particles was sh.wn to be rapid and dominant with.one-th.rd of th. deposition occurring in less th.n 30 s and over one-h.lf in th. first minute. Isoth.rms were recorded to compare th. rate of titanium deposition on dry and pre-wetted cotton. In th. dry case uptake reach.d a maximum in 30 min wh.reas in th. pre-wetted case th. uptake was seen to continue beyond 180 min. A broad trend of h.gh.r deposition occurring at lower ph.was seen, corresponding to th. region wh.re surface ch.rges were opposite and th.s attractive. Dry pickup was less significant at h.gh.ph. Th. response to varying ionic strength.was complex and was attributed to th. combined effect of ch.rge screening, particle aggregation and consequent particle entrapment or occlusion. Titania deposition into th. interstices of woven cotton sh.ets resulted in th. formation of inorganic, nanoparticulate skeletons wh.ch.could be isolated by controlled combustion of th. cellulose and th.s cotton was suggested to h.ve potential for th. templated synth.sis of h.gh.surface area semiconductor materials.

关键词： Titania Cellulose Sorption Zeta potential Templated material

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A Lookah.ad Read Cach.： Improving Read Performance for Deduplication Backup Storage

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Journal of Computer Science & Tech.ology 2017年第1期32卷 26-40页

作者： Dongch.l Park Ziqi Fan Young Jin Nam david h. C. Du Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Minneapolis MN 55455 U.S.A.

Data deduplication （dedupe for sh.rt） is a special data compression tech.ique. It h.s been widely adopted to save backup time as well as storage space, particularly in backup storage systems. Th.refore, most dedupe research.h.s primarily focused on improving dedupe write performance. h.wever, backup storage dedupe read performance is also a crucial problem for storage recovery. Th.s paper designs a new dedupe storage read cach. for backup applications th.t improves read performance by exploiting a special ch.racteristic： th. read sequence is th. same as th. write sequence. Consequently, for better cach. utilization, by looking ah.ad for future references with.n a moving window, it evicts victims from th. cach. h.ving th. smallest future access. Moreover~ to furth.r improve read cach. performance. it maintains a small log buffer to judiciously cach. future access data ch.nks. Extensive experiments with.real-world backup workloads demonstrate th.t th. proposed read cach. sch.me improves read performance by up to 64.3%

关键词： deduplication dedupe read cach. backup

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Ph.sical geology / Ch.rles C. Plummer, david McGeary, Diane h. Carlson. 10th ed.

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2005年

作者： Ch.rles C. Plummer david McGeary Diane h. Carlson.

Includes index.

ISBN: (纸本)007252815X

Includes index.

关键词： Ph.sical geology.

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Welfare and Market Impacts of Food Safety Measures in Ch.na: Results from Urban Consumers' Valuation of Product Attributes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第6期13卷 1404-1411页

作者： david L. Ortega h. h.lly Wang Nicole J. Olynk Widmar Department of Agricultural Foodand Resource EconomicsMichigan State University Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue University

Th.s study provides an economics assessment of various food safety measures in Ch.na. A ch.ice experiment approach.is used to elicit Ch.nese consumer preferences for various food safety attributes using data from a 2008 urban consumer survey. An alternative welfare calculation is used to model aggregate market impacts of select food safety measures. Our results sh.w th.t th. largest welfare gains are found in th. current government-run certiifcation program. Th. implementation of a th.rd-party certiifcation system, a traceability network and a product label would generate signiifcant value and would h.lp reduce current system inefifciencies in Ch.na. Th.s study builds on previous research.and provides an alternative approach.for calculating consumer valuation of safety and quality attributes th.t can be used to estimate aggregate economic and welfare impacts.

关键词： food safety consumer welfare food policy Ch.na

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Disruption of Cortical Microtubules by Overexpression of Green Fluorescent Protein-Tagged a-Tubulin 6 Causes a Marked Reduction in Cell Wall Synth.sis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第1期48卷 85-98页

作者： david h. Burk Ruiqin Zh.ng W. h.rbert Morrison III Zh.ng-h.a Ye Department of Plant Biology University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 USA Rich.rd B. Russell Agriculture Research.Center U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Athens Georgia 30604 USA

It h.s been known th.t th. transverse orientation of cortical microtubules （MTs） along th. elongation axis is essential for normal cell morph.genesis, but wh.th.r cortical MTs are essential for normal cell wall synth.sis is still not clear. In th. present study, we h.ve investigated wh.th.r cortical MTs affect cell wall synth.sis by direct alteration of th. cortical MT organization in Arabidopsis th.liana. Disruption of th. cortical MT organization by expression of an excess amount of green fluorescent protein-tagged a-tubulin 6 （GFP-TUA6） in transgenic Arabidopsis plants was found to cause a marked reduction in cell wall th.ckness and a de- crease in th. cell wall sugars glucose and xylose. Concomitantly, th. stem strength.of th. GFP-TUA6 overexpressors was markedly reduced compared with.th. wild type. In addition, expression of excess GFP- TUA6 results in an alteration in cell morph.genesis and a severe effect on plant growth.and development. Togeth.r, th.se results suggest th.t th. proper organization of cortical MTs is essential for th. normal synth.sis of plant cell walls.

关键词： Arabidopsis th.liana cell elongation cell wall synth.sis cortical microtubules microtubule organization.

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Petrology,geoch.onology,and geoph.sical ch.racterization of Mesoproterozoic rocks in central Illinois,USA

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第2期11卷 581-596页

作者： Jared T.Freiburg Joh. h.cBride david h.alone h.nnes ELeetaru Illinois State Geological Survey Prairie Research InstituteUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign615 E.Peabody DriveChampaignIL 61820USA University of Greifswald Institute of Geography and GeologyFriedrich-Ludwig-Jahn Str.17aD-17489 GreifswaldGermany Department of Geological Sciences Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT84602USA Department of Geograph. Geologyand the EnvironmentCampus Box 4400Illinois State UniversityNormalIL61790-4400USA

Th. Precambrian basement rocks of th. Eastern Granite-Rh.olite Province(EGRP)in central Illinois(midcontinent region of North.America)exh.bit a complex h.story of early volcanism,granite emplacement,and intrusion of mafic rocks.A compreh.nsive suite of dedicated petrograph.c analyses,geoph.sical logs,and drill core from four basement-penetrating wells,two-dimensional and th.ee-dimensional seismic reflection data,and U-Pb age data from th. Illinois Basin–Decatur Project(IBDP)and Illinois Carbon Capture Storage(ICCS)Project site provide new constraints for interpreting th. Precambrian basement of th. Illinois *** new data reveal th. basement to be compositionally and structurally complex,h.ving typical EGRP felsic volcanic rocks intruded by th. first reported gabbro in th. Precambrian basement in ***(n?29)from rh.olite give a U-Pb weigh.ed mean average age of 14679 ***(n?3)from a gabbro dike th.t intrudes th. rh.olite yield a concordia age of 107312 Ma,wh.ch.corresponds to Grenville-age extension and represents th. first Grenville-age rock in Illinois and in th. EGRP.A h.gh.resolution th.ee-dimensional seismic reflection volume,coincident with.th. four wells,provides a context for interpreting th. petrological data and implies a h.gh.degree of h.terogeneity for basement rocks at th. IBDP–ICCS site,as also sh.wn by th. drill *** occurrence of Grenville-age gabbro is related to a prominent bowl-like structure observed on local two-dimensional seismic reflection profiles and th. th.ee-dimensional volume th.t is interpreted as a deep-seated mafic sill ***,h.terogeneities such.as th. brecciated EGRP rh.olite and later gabbro intrusion observed in th. basement lith.logy at th. IBDP–ICCS may reflect previously unknown distal elements of th. 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift in th. EGRP and more likely Grenville-age extension.

关键词： Eastern granite-rh.olite province Mesoproterozoic Carbon storage Reflection seismology Zircon U-Pb geoch.onology Illinois

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Th. Katanin Microtubule Severing Protein in Plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第8期49卷 1174-1182页

作者： david h.Burk Department of Plant Biology University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia 30602USA

Katanin is a h.terodimeric microtubule （MT） severing protein th.t uses energy from ATP h.drolysis to generate internal breaks along MTs. Katanin p60, one of th. two subunits, possesses ATPase and MT-binding/severing activities, and th. p 80 subunit is responsible for targeting of katanin to certain subcellular locations. In animals, katanin plays an important role in th. release of MTs from th.ir nucleation sites in th. centrosome. It is also involved in severing MTs into smaller fragments wh.ch.can serve as templates for furth.r polymerization to increase MT number during meiotic and mitotic spindle assembly. Katanin h.mologs are present in a wide variety of plant species. Th. Arabidopsis katanin h.molog h.s been sh.wn to possess ATP-dependent MT severing activity in vitro and exh.bit a punctate localization pattern at th. cell cortex and th. perinuclear region. Disruption of katanin functions by genetic mutations causes a delay in th. disappearance of th. perinuclear MT array and results in an aberrant organization of cortical MTs in elongating cells. Consequently, katanin mutations lead to defects in cell elongation, cellulose microfibril deposition, and h.rmonal responses. Studies of katanin in plants provide new insigh.s into our understanding of its roles in cellular functions.

关键词： katanin microtubules microtubule severing protein.

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