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Geomechanical properties will constrain CO_(2)injection into the lower Ordovician Rose Run sandstone deep saline reservoir,Appalachian Basin,Kentucky,USA

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Journal of Rock mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第5期13卷 947-960页

作者： John Richard Bowersox Stephen f.Greb Junfeng Zhu david C.Harris Kentucky Geological Survey University of KentuckyLexingtonKY40506-0107USA

The Kentucky Geological Survey(KGS)1 Hanson Aggregates stratigraphic research well,Carter County,Kentucky,USA,was drilled to a total depth of 1474 m as a field-scale test of potential CO2 storage reservoir properties in the Central Appalachian *** properties of the Rose Run sandstone(upper Ordovician Knox group)were tested for its suitability as a storage reservoir.A 9.8-m thick section of the Rose Run was penetrated at 1000 m drilled depth and a whole-diameter core and rotary sidewall cores were *** porosity and permeability measured in core plugs were 9.1%and 44.6 mD,*** vertical stress gradient calculated in the wellbore was 26 mPa/*** fractures in dolomites underlying and overlying the Rose Run follow the contemporary N53E Appalachian Basin stress *** Rose Run elastic geomechanical properties were calibrated to values measured in core plugs to evaluate its fracturing risk as a CO2 storage *** Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio values of the Rose Run were 45 GPa and 0.23,respectively,whereas Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio values were 77.1 GPa and 0.28,respectively,in the overlying Beekmantown dolomite,suggesting the Rose Run may fracture if overpressured during CO2 injection but be confined by the *** compressive strength measured in core plugs found the Rose Run and Beekmantown fractured at mean axial stresses of 156.5 mPa and 282.2 mPa,respectively,confirming the Beekmantown as suitable for confining CO2 injected into the Rose Run.A step-rate test was conducted in a mechanically-isolated 18.6-m interval bracketing the Rose *** Rose Run reservoir pressure was 9.3 mPa,and fracture gradient under injection was 13.6 mPa/km,suggesting step-rate testing before CO2 injection,and subsequent pressure monitoring to ensure *** the region around the KGS 1 Hanson Aggregates well is underpressured and adjacent to faulted Precambrian basement,further research is neede

关键词： Appalachian Basin Rose Run sandstone Geomechanics Carbon sequestration Step-rate testing

A monolithic single-chip point-of-care platform for metabolomic prostate cancer detection

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第2期7卷 81-95页

作者： Valerio f.Annese Samadhan B.Patil Chunxiao Hu Christos Giagkoulovits mohammed A.Al-Rawhani James Grant martin macleod david J.Clayton Liam m.Heaney Ronan Daly Claudio Accarino Yash D.Shah Boon C.Cheah James Beeley thomas R.Jeffry Evans Robert Jones michael P.Barrett david R.S.Cumming Electronics and Nanoscale Engineering James Watt School of EngineeringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG128QQUK Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre GlasgowG120YNUK School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamNG118NFUK School of Sport Exercise&Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLE113TUUK Glasgow Polyomics College of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG611BDUK Institute of Cancer Sciences Beatson West of Scotland Cancer CentreUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG120YNUK Institute of Infection Immunity and InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG128TAUK

There is a global unmet need for rapid and cost-effective prognostic and diagnostic tools that can be used at the bedside or in the doctor’s office to reduce the impact of serious *** cancers are diagnosed late,leading to costly treatment and reduced life *** prostate cancer,the absence of a reliable test has inhibited the adoption of screening *** report a microelectronic point-of-care metabolite biomarker measurement platform and use it for prostate cancer *** platform,using an array of photodetectors configured to operate with targeted,multiplexed,colorimetric assays confined in monolithically integrated passive microfluidic channels,completes a combined assay of 4 metabolites in a drop of human plasma in under 2 min.A preliminary clinical study using L-amino acids,glutamate,choline,and sarcosine was used to train a cross-validated random forest *** system demonstrated sensitivity to prostate cancer of 94%with a specificity of 70%and an area under the curve of *** technology can implement many similar assay panels and hence has the potential to revolutionize low-cost,rapid,point-of-care testing.

关键词： inhibited specificity hence

Growth of the tropical Pinus kesiya as influenced by climate and nutrient availability along an elevational gradient

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第1期13卷 97-106页

作者： Le Tuan Ho Raimund Schneider frank m.thomas Department of Geobotany University of TrierFaculty of Regional and Environmental SciencesBehringstraße 2154296 TrierGermany Department of forest Resources management Faculty of ForestryNong Lam University HCMCThu Duc DistrictHo Chi Minh CityVietnam Department of Soil Science University of TrierFaculty of Regional and Environmental SciencesBehringstraße 2154296 TrierGermany

Aims In contrast to temperate regions,the reasons for growth reductions of individual tree species along elevational gradients in tropical mountain ranges are poorly known,especially for tropical *** aimed at testing whether climatic or edaphic conditions are responsible for the reduced growth of Pinus kesiya,a widely distributed pine species of southern and south-eastern Asia,at higher *** We analysed the stem diameter increment and the isotope discrimination against ^(13)C(△^(13)C)in tree rings of *** along an elevational gradient of~900 to~2000 m *** the mountain ranges of South-Central Vietnam,and related growth to△^(13)C and to climatic and edaphic *** findings We found no consistent correlation patterns between the basal area increment(BAI)of the trees and temperature or *** contrast,across the elevational gradient,we obtained significantly negative correlations of BAI with△^(13)C and with the C/N ratios and theδ^(15)N signature of the upper mineral *** was positively correlated with the concentrations of plant-available phosphorus(P_(a))and of“base”cations(calcium,magnesium,potassium)in the *** conclude that lower temperatures at higher elevations exert an indirect effect on tree growth by inducing higher C/N ratios and by reducing the rate of nitrogen(N)and P mineralization,which may be further hampered by lower concentrations of“base”cations(upon enhanced leaching by precipitation)and a negative feedback from low availability of mineralized N and P at higher *** results may be transferable to the uppermost growth limit of *** and to other montane regions of the species’occurrence.

关键词： dendroecology pine pointer year soil nutrient stable isotope

Topgrafting as a tool in operational Scots pine breeding

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Journal of forestry Research 2024年第6期35卷 160-172页

作者： Alisa Heuchel david Hall Curt Almqvist Ulfstand Wennström Torgny Persson Department of Ecology and Environmental Science UmeåPlant Science CenterUmeåUniversity90187 UmeåSweden The forestry Research Institute of Sweden(Skogforsk) P.O.Box 391821 SävarSweden

Effective breeding requires multiplying desired genotypes,keeping them at a convenient location to perform crosses more efficiently,and building orchards to generate material for *** some of these aims can be achieved by conventional grafting involving only rootstock and scion,topgrafting is known to deliver all in a shorter time *** this study,Scots pine scions were grafted onto the upper and lower tree crowns in two clonal archives with the aim of inducing early female and male strobili produc-tion,*** survival rates and strobili production were analyzed with generalized linear mixed ***-vival was low(14%)to moderate(41%),and mainly affected by the topgraft genotype,interstock genotype,crown posi-tion and weather conditions in connection with the grafting *** was not affected by the cardinal position in the crown(south or north).male flowering was ample three years after grafting and reached 56%in the first year among live scions,increasing to 62 and 59%in consecutive *** flowering was scarce and was 9%at first,later increasing to 26 and 20%of living scions but was strongly affected by the topgraft *** one subset of scions,female flowering was observed 1 year after ***,flowering success was mainly affected by the topgraft and interstock genotypes,and secondary growth of *** is one of few reports on topgrafting in functional Scots pine clonal archives.

关键词： Pinus sylvestris Conifer breeding flowering stimulation Topgrafting

Analysis of gateroad stability at two longwall mines based on field monitoring results and numerical model analysis

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International Journal of mining Science and Technology 2019年第1期29卷 35-43页

作者： Gabriel S.Esterhuizen david f.Gearhart Ted Klemetti Heather Dougherty mark van Dyke National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Coal mine longwall gateroads are subject to changing loading conditions induced by the advancing longwall face. The ground response and support requirements are closely related to the magnitude and orientation of the stress changes, as well as the local geology. This paper presents the monitoring results of gateroad response and support performance at two longwall mines at a 180-m and 600-m depth of *** the first mine, a three-entry gateroad layout was used. The second mine used a four-entry, yieldabutment-yield gateroad pillar system. Local ground deformation and support response were monitored at both sites. The monitoring period started during the development stage and continued during first panel retreat and up to second panel retreat. The two data sets were used to compare the response of the entries in two very different geotechnical settings and different gateroad layouts. The monitoring results were used to validate numerical models that simulate the loading conditions and entry response for these widely differing conditions. The validated models were used to compare the load path and ground response at the two mines. This paper demonstrates the potential for numerical models to assist mine engineers in optimizing longwall layouts and gateroad support systems.

关键词： Coal mining Longwall Gateroad Support Numerical models

first record of geckos visiting flowers in the Palaearctic Ecozone

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Current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 447-448页

作者： david Hernandez-Teixidor Natalia Diaz-Luis felix m.medina manuel Nogales Animal Biology Geology and Edaphology DepartmentUniversity of La LagunaAv.Astrofisico Francisco Sanchez38206La LagunaTenerifeCanary IslandsSpain lsland Ecology and Evolution Research Group(IPNACSIC) Av.Astrofisico Francisco Sanchez338206La LagunaTenerifeCanary IslandsSpain Servicio de medio Ambiente Cabildo Insular de La PalmaAvenida de Los Indianos2038700Santa Cruz de La PalmaLa PalmaCanary IslandsSpain

Pollination networks on islands are often characterized by less complexity than comparable continental environments(Olesen and Jordano 2002).furthermore,they sometimes include novel generalist-feeding nonspecialist pollinators,including birds in particular(e.g.,Olesen 1985 and references therein).This ecological process has been commonly interpreted in a context of depauperation of insular faunas and interaction release(Traveset et al.2015).

关键词： flowers record release

magnetohydrostatic modeling of the solar atmosphere

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第8期65卷 1710-1726页

作者： ZHU XiaoShuai NEUKIRCH thomas WIEGELmANN thomas State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of mathematics and Statistics University of St AndrewsSt Andrews KY169SSUK max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Sonnensystemforschung G¨ottingen 37077Germany

Understanding structures and evolutions of the magnetic fields and plasma in multiple layers on the Sun is very important. A force-free magnetic field which is an accurate approximation of the solar corona due to the low plasma β has been widely studied and used to model the coronal magnetic structure. While the force-freeness assumption is well satisfied in the solar corona, the lower atmosphere is not force-free given the high plasma β. Therefore, a magnetohydrostatic(mHS) equilibrium which takes into account plasma forces, such as pressure gradient and gravitational force, is considered to be more appropriate to describe the lower atmosphere. This paper reviews both analytical and numerical extrapolation methods based on the mHS assumption for calculating the magnetic fields and plasma in the solar atmosphere from measured magnetograms.

关键词： magnetic field photosphere chromosphere corona

Phylogenetically Distinct Cellulose Synthase Genes Support Secondary Wall Thickening in Arabidopsis Shoot Trichomes and Cotton fiber

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第2期52卷 205-220页

作者： Lissete Betancur Bir Singh Ryan A.Rapp Jonathan f.Wendel m. david marks Alison W.Roberts Candace H.Haigler Department of Plant Biology North Carolina State University Department of Crop Science North Carolina State University EEOB Department Iowa State University Department of Plant Biology University of Minnesota Department of Biological Sciences CBLSUniversity of Rhode Island

Through exploring potential analogies between cotton seed trichomes （or cotton fiber） and arabidopsis shoot trichomes we discovered that CesAs from either the primary or secondary wall phylogenetic clades can support secondary wall thickening. CesA genes that typically support primary wall synthesis, AtCesA 1,2,3,5, and 6, underpin expansion and secondary wall thickening of arabidopsis shoot trichomes. In contrast, apparent orthologs of CesA genes that support secondary wall synthesis in arabidopsis xylem, AtCesA4,7, and 8, are up-regulated for cotton fiber secondary wall deposition. These conclusions arose from：（a） analyzing the expression of CesA genes in arabidopsis shoot trichomes; （b） observing birefringent secondary walls in arabidopsis shoot trichomes with mutations in AtCesA4, 7, or 8; （c） assaying up-regulated genes during different stages of cotton fiber development; and （d） comparing genes that were *** with primary or secondary wall CesAs in arabidopsis with genes up- regulated in arabidopsis trichomes, arabidopsis secondary xylem, or cotton fiber during primary or secondary wall deposition. Cumulatively, the data show that：（a） the xylem of arabidopsis provides the best model for secondary wall cellulose synthesis in cotton fiber; and （b） CesA genes within a ＂cell wall toolbox＂ are used in diverse ways for the construction of particular specialized cell walls.

关键词： Phylogenetically Distinct Cellulose Synthase Genes Support Secondary Wall Thickening in Arabidopsis Shoot Trichomes and Cotton fiber GUS

Tracking character evolution and biogeographic history through time in Cornaceac ——Does choice of methods matter？

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植物分类学报 2008年第3期46卷 349-374页

作者： Qiu-Yun （Jenny） XIAN~ david T. thomas Department of Plant Biology North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA

This study compares results on reconstructing the ancestral state of characters and ancestral areas of distribution in Cornaceae to gain insights into the impact of using different analytical methods. Ancestral charac-ter state reconstructions were compared among three methods (parsimony, maximum likelihood, and stochastic character mapping) using mESQUITE and a full Bayesian method in BAYESTRAITS and inferences of ancestral area distribution were compared between the parsimony-based dispersal-vicariance analysis (DIVA) and a newly developed maximum likelihood (mL) method. Results indicated that among the six inflorescence and fruit char-acters examined, "perfect" binary characters (no homoplasy, no polymorphism within terminals, and no missing data) are little affected by choice of method, while homoplasious characters and missing data are sensitive to methods used. Ancestral areas at deep nodes of the phylogeny are substantially different between DIVA and mL and strikingly different between analyses including and excluding fossils at three deepest nodes. These results, while raising caution in making conclusions on trait evolution and historical biogeography using conventional methods, demonstrate a limitation in our current understanding of character evolution and biogeography. The biogeographic history favored by the mL analyses including fossils suggested the origin and early radiation of Cornus likely occurred in the late Cretaceous and earliest Tertiary in Europe and intercontinental disjunctions in three lineages involved movements across the North Atlantic Land Bridge (BLB) in the early and mid Tertiary. This result is congruent with the role of NALB for post-Eocene migration and in connecting tropical floras in North America and Africa, and in eastern Asia and South America. However, alternative hypotheses with an origin in eastern Asia and early Trans-Beringia migrations of the genus cannot be ruled out.

关键词：性状进化生物地理历史山茱萸选择方法