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The effect of slime accumulated in a long-term operating UASB using crude glycerol to treat S-rich wastewater

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 353-366页

作者： Xudong Zhou Eva Fernández-Palacios Antoni ddorado Javier Lafuente Xavier Gamisans david Gabriel Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China GENOCOV Research Group Department of ChemicalBiological and Environmental EngineeringEscola d’EnginyeriaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193 BellaterraSpain department of Mining Industrial and ICT EngineeringUniversitat Politècnica de CatalunyaAvinguda de les Bases de Manresa 61-7308242 ManresaSpain

An up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB)reactor targeting sulfate reduction was operated under a constant TOC/S-SO2-4ratio of 1.5±0.3 g C/g S for 639 days using crude glycerol as carbon source.A filamentous and fluffy flocculant material,namely slime-like substances(SLS),was gradually accumulated in the bioreactor after the cease of methanogenic *** accumulation of SLS was followed by a decrease in the removal efficiencies and a deterioration in the *** characteristics of SLS were investigated to explore the causes of its formation and the effect of SLS on the UASB *** showed that glycerol fermentation and sulfate reduction processes taking place in the reactor were mainly accomplished in the bottom part of the UASB reactor,as the sludge concentration in the bottom was *** accumulation of SLS in the UASB reactor caused sludge flotation that further led to biomass washout,which decreased the sulfate and glycerol removal *** activity tests performed with granular sludge(GS),slime-covered granular sludge(SCGS)and SLS showed that there was no difference between GS and SLS in the mechanism of glycerol fermentation and sulfate ***,the specific sulfate reduction rate of GS was higher than that of SLS,while SLS showed a higher glycerol fermentation rate than that of *** different rates in GS and SLS were attributed to the higher relative abundances of fermentative microorganisms found in SLS and higher relative abundances of sulfate reducing bacteria(SRB)found in GS.

关键词： Sludge flotation Granular sludge Slime-like substances Glycerol fermentation Sulfate reduction Removal efficiency

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Estimating the subsolar magnetopause position from soft X-ray images using a low-pass image filter

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 173-183页

作者： Hyangpyo Kim Hyunju K.Connor Jaewoong Jung Brian M.Walsh david Sibeck Kip d.Kuntz Frederick S.Porter Catriana K.Paw U Rousseau A.Nutter Ramiz Qudsi Rumi Nakamura Michael Collier Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences8042 GrazAustria Geophysical Institute University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMaryland 20771USA Astronomy department University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMassachusetts 02215USA department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland 21218USA Howard University WashingtonDC 20059USA

The Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)and Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)missions will image the Earth’s dayside magneto pause and cusps in soft X-rays after their respective launches in the near future,to specify glo bal magnetic reconnection modes for varying solar wind *** suppo rt the success of these scientific missions,it is critical to develop techniques that extract the magnetopause locations from the observed soft X-ray *** this research,we introduce a new geometric equation that calculates the subsolar magnetopause position(RS)from a satellite position,the look direction of the instrument,and the angle at which the X-ray emission is *** assumptions are used in this method:(1)The look direction where soft X-ray emissions are maximized lies tangent to the magnetopause,and(2)the magnetopause surface near the subsolar point is almost spherical and thus RSis nea rly equal to the radius of the magneto pause *** create synthetic soft X-ray images by using the Open Geospace General Circulation Model(OpenGGCM)global magnetohydrodynamic model,the galactic background,the instrument point spread function,and Poisson *** then apply the fast Fourier transform and Gaussian low-pass filte rs to the synthetic images to re move noise and obtain accurate look angles for the soft X-ray pea *** the filte red images,we calculate RS and its accuracy for different LEXI locations,look directions,and solar wind densities by using the OpenGGCM subsolar magnetopause location as ground *** method estimates RS with an accuracy ofd density exceeds>10 *** accuracy improves for greater solar wind densities and during southward interplanetary magnetic *** method ca ptures the magnetopause motion during southwa rd interplaneta ry magnetic field ***,the technique will enable quantitative analysis of the magnetopause motion and help reveal the daysi

关键词： soft X-ray magnetopause reconnection low-pass filter LEXI SMILE

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Finding the magnetopause location using soft X-ray observations and a statistical inverse method

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 184-203页

作者： Gonzalo Cucho-Padin Hyunju Connor Jaewoong Jung Brian Walsh david G.Sibeck Space Weather Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA department of Physics The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonDCUSA Geospace Physics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterGreenbeltMDUSA Astronomy department University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA Center for Space Physics Department of Mechanical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA

Variability in the location and shape of the dayside magnetopause is attributed to magnetic reconnection,a fundamental process that enables the transfer of mass,energy,and momentum from the solar wind into the *** spatial and temporal properties of the magnetopause,under varying solar and magnetospheric conditions,remain largely unknown because empirical studies using in-situ observations are challenging to *** wide field-of-view(FOV)imaging is the only means to simultaneously observe the spatial distribution of the plasma properties over the vast dayside magnetospheric region and,subsequently,quantify the energy transport from the interplanetary medium into the terrestrial *** upcoming missions,ESA/CAS SMILE and NASA’s LEXI will provide wide-field imagery of the dayside magnetosheath in soft X-rays,an emission generated by charge exchange interactions between high charge-state heavy ions of solar wind origin and exospheric neutral ***-cadence two-dimensional observations of the magnetosheath will allow the estimation of dynamic properties of its inner boundary,the magnetopause,and enable studies of its response to changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure and interplanetary magnetic field *** work introduces a statistically-based estimation approach based on inverse theory to estimate the spatial distribution of magnetosheath soft X-ray emissivities and,with this,identify the location of the magnetopause over the Sun−Earth *** do so,we simulate the magnetosheath structure using the MHd-based OpenGGCM model and generate synthetic soft X-ray images using LEXI’s orbit and attitude *** results show that 3-d estimations using the described statistically-based technique are robust against Poisson-distributed shot noise inherent to soft X-ray ***,our proposed methodology shows that the accuracy of both three-dimensional(3-d)estimation and the magnetopause standoff distance calculation hi

关键词： magnetopause soft X-ray tomography

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Oryza CLIMtools:A genome–environment association resource reveals adaptive roles for heterotrimeric G proteins in the regulation of rice agronomic traits

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Plant Communications 2024年第4期5卷 145-165页

作者： Angel Ferrero-Serrano david Chakravorty Kobie J.Kirven Sarah M.Assmann Biology department Pennsylvania State University208 Mueller LaboratoryUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Intercollege Graduate degree Program in Bioinformatics and Genomics Pennsylvania State University208 Mueller LaboratoryUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Modern crop varieties display a degree of mismatch between their current distributions and the suitability of the local climate for their *** address this issue,we present Oryza CLIMtools(https://***/CLIMtools/oryza_v1.0/),thefirst resource for pan-genome prediction of climate-associated genetic variants in a crop *** CLIMtools consists of interactive web-based databases that enable the user to(1)explore the local environments of traditional rice varieties(landraces)in South-East Asia and(2)investigate the environment by genome associations for 658 Indica and 283 Japonica rice landrace accessions collected from georeferenced local environments and included in the 3K Rice Ge-nomes *** demonstrate the value of these resources by identifying an interplay betweenflowering time and temperature in the local environment that is facilitated by adaptive natural variation in OsHd2 and disrupted by a natural variant in *** quantitative trait locus analysis has suggested the impor-tance of heterotrimeric G proteins in the control of agronomic ***,we analyzed the climate associations of natural variants in the different heterotrimeric G protein *** identified a coordi-nated role of G proteins in adaptation to the prevailing potential evapotranspiration gradient and revealed their regulation of key agronomic traits,including plant height and seed and panicle *** conclude by highlighting the prospect of targeting heterotrimeric G proteins to produce climate-resilient crops.

关键词： Oryza sativa rice G by E adaptation flowering time GWAS OsHd2 OsSOC1 heterotrimeric G pro-tein OsRGA1 d1 OsGS3 OsdEP1 OsGGC2

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Impact of an oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic profiles and microbial ecology of weanling pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic ***

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 749-764页

作者： Kwangwook Kim Cynthia Jinno Xunde Li david Bravo Eric Cox Peng Ji Yanhong Liu department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA department of Animal Science Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los AngelesCA 90084USA School of Veterinary Medicine University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Pancosma|AdM 1180 RolleSwitzerland Nutreco Exploration NutrecoThe Netherlands department of Virology Parasitology and ImmunologyGhent University9000 GhentBelgium department of Nutrition University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

Background Our previous study has reported that supplementation of oligosaccharide-based polymer enhances gut health and disease resistance of pigs infected with enterotoxigenic ***(ETEC)F18 in a manner similar to *** objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of oligosaccharide-based polymer or antibiotic on the host metabolic profiles and colon microbiota of weaned pigs experimentally infected with ETEC *** Multivariate analysis highlighted the differences in the metabolic profiles of serum and colon digesta which were predominantly found between pigs supplemented with oligosaccharide-based polymer and *** relative abundance of metabolic markers of immune responses and nutrient metabolisms,such as amino acids and carbohydrates,were significantly differentiated between the oligosaccharide-based polymer and antibiotic groups(qd fold change>2.0).In addition,pigs in antibiotic had a reduced(Pdance of Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillaceae,whereas had greater(Pdiaceae and Streptococcaceae in the colon digesta on d 11 post-inoculation(PI)compared with d 5 *** The impact of oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic and microbial profiles of pigs is not fully understood,and further exploration is ***,current research suggest that various mechanisms are involved in the enhanced disease resistance and performance in ETEC-challenged pigs by supplementing this polymer.

关键词： Carbadox Colon microbiota Enterotoxigenic E.coli F18 Metabolomics Oligosaccharide-based polymer Weaned pigs

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A comprehensive look at the psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology of spinal cord injury and its progression: mechanisms and clinical opportunities

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Military Medical Research 2024年第2期11卷 228-267页

作者： Miguel A.Ortega Oscar Fraile-Martinez Cielo García-Montero Sergio Haro Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon diego de Leon-Oliva Ana M.Gomez-Lahoz Jorge Monserrat Mar Atienza-Pérez david díaz Elisa Lopez-dolado Melchor Álvarez-Mon department of Medicine and Medical Specialities University of Alcala28801 Alcala de HenaresSpain Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research(IRYCIS) 28034 MadridSpain department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor28031 MadridSpain Service of Rehabilitation National Hospital for Paraplegic PatientsCarr.de la PeraledaS/N45004 ToledoSpain Immune System diseases‑Rheumatology Service and Internal Medicine University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias(CIBEREHD)28806 Alcala de HenaresSpain

Spinal cord injury(SCI)is a devastating and disabling medical condition generally caused by a traumatic event(primary injury).This initial trauma is accompanied by a set of biological mechanisms directed to ameliorate neural damage but also exacerbate initial damage(secondary injury).The alterations that occur in the spinal cord have not only local but also systemic consequences and virtually all organs and tissues of the body incur important changes after SCI,explaining the progression and detrimental consequences related to this ***(PNIE)is a growing area of research aiming to integrate and explore the interactions among the different systems that compose the human organism,considering the mind and the body as a *** initial traumatic event and the consequent neurological disruption trigger immune,endocrine,and multisystem dysfunction,which in turn affect the patient's psyche and *** the present review,we will explore the most important local and systemic consequences of SCI from a PNIE perspective,defining the changes occurring in each system and how all these mechanisms are ***,potential clinical approaches derived from this knowledge will also be collectively presented with the aim to develop integrative therapies to maximize the clinical management of these patients.

关键词： Spinal cord injury(SCI) Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology(PNIE) Secondary injury Immunoinflammatory dysfunction Gut microbiota Translational opportunities

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Thermal conductivity suppression in uranium-doped thorium dioxide due to phonon-spin interactions

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Journal of Materiomics 2024年第3期10卷 709-715页

作者： Zilong Hua Saqeeb Adnan Amey R.Khanolkar Karl Rickert david B.Turner Timothy A.Prusnick J.Matthew Mann david H.Hurley Marat Khafizov Cody A.dennett Materials Science and Engineering department Idaho National LaboratoryIdaho FallsID83415USA department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA KBR DaytonOH45431USA Azimuth Corporation FairbornOH45324USA Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson AFBOH45433USA department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA

In this work,impact of low level of uranium(U)atom substitution on thermal conductivity of thorium dioxide(ThO_(2))is ***_(2)is an electronic insulator with a wide optical band-gap and no unpaired electrons whose thermal transport is governed by phonons.U-substitution introduces unpaired f-electrons resulting in paramagnetic behavior of UeThO_(2)at room temperature,which significantly suppresses its thermal conductivity.A single crystal of UeThO_(2)with graded composition of U is grown using a hydrothermal synthesis method,and thermal conductivity measurements are performed in re-gions with uniform composition of U at levels of 0%,6%,9%and 16%.Measured thermal conductivity profiles over 77e300 K temperature range are analyzed using an analytical expression for phonon-mediated thermal transport based on Klemens-Callaway *** dependent thermal con-ductivity is found to deviate significantly from the Rayleigh scattering trend expected for a simple substitutional point defect with a small perturbation to mass and interatomic *** the resonant scattering term,observed large suppression of thermal conductivity at low temperatures can be closely ***,the extracted phonon-spin coupling constants imply a nonlinear relation of phonon-spin interaction intensity with respect to U doping *** study reveals how phonon-spin scattering contributed by unpaired f-electrons in U atoms influences thermal transport in the UeThO_(2)system.

关键词： Phonon-spin interactions Thermal conductivity UdThO_(2)system

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Acceptor doping and actuation mechanisms in Sr-doped BiFeO_(3)-BaTiO_(3)ceramics

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Journal of Materiomics 2024年第1期10卷 57-69页

作者： Ziqi Yang Yizhe Li Bing Wang Juncheng Pan Annette K.Kleppe david A.Hall department of Materials University of ManchesterM139PLManchesterUK diamond Light Source Ltd. Harwell Science and Innovation CampusOX110DEDidcotUK

BiFeO_(3)-BaTiO_(3)(BF-BT)ceramics are important multiferroic materials,which are attracting significant attention for potential applications in high temperature lead-free piezoelectric *** the present study,the effects of Sr^(2+)as an acceptor dopant for Bi^(3+),in the range from 0 to 1.0%(in mole),on the structure and ferroelectric/piezoelectric properties of 0.7BiFeO_(3)-0.3BaTiO_(3)ceramics were *** use of a post-sintering Ar annealing process was found to be an effective approach to reduce electrical conductivity induced by the presence of electron holes associated with reoxidation during cooling.A low Sr dopant concentration(0.3%,in mole)yielded enhanced ferroelectric(P_(max)∼0.37 C/m^(2),P_(r)∼0.30 C/m^(2))and piezoelectric(d_(33)∼178 pC/N,k_(p)∼0.27)properties,whereas higher levels led to chemically heterogeneous core-shell structures and secondary phases with an associated decline in *** electric field-induced strain of the Sr-doped BF-BT ceramics was investigated using a combination of digital image correlation macroscopic strain measurements and in-situ synchrotron X-ray *** of the intrinsic(lattice strain)and extrinsic(domain switching)contributions to the electric field induced strain indicated that the intrinsic contribution dominated during the poling process.

关键词： Bismuth ferrite-barium titanate Acceptor doping Electroceramics Piezoelectricity In-situ X-ray diffraction

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Failure mechanism and simulation for long run-out of the catastrophic rock landslide in the Shanyang Vanadium Mine,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第9期21卷 2905-2917页

作者： LIU Yinpeng Mumtaz HAIdER david-darnor LAWRENCE LI Tonglu SHEN Wei LI Ping College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China Observation and Research Station of Water Cycle and Geological Environment for the Chinese Loess Plateau Ministry of EducationZhengning 745399China

On 12th August 2015,a massive rapid long run-out rock landslide occurred in the Shanyang Vanadium Mine in Shaanxi Province,China,which claimed the lives of 65 *** heavy rainfalls,earthquakes,and mining blasts were recorded before the ***,the failure mechanism and the cause of the long run-out movement are always in *** this paper,we conducted a detailed field investigation,laboratory tests,block theory analysis,and numerical simulation to investigate the failure and long run-out mechanisms of the *** field investigation results show that the source material of the rock landslide is a huge dolomite wedge block bedding on siliceous shale *** compression tests indicate that the uniaxial compression strength of the intact dolomite is 130-140MPa and the dolomite shows a brittle failure *** to the progressive downward erosion of the gully,the dolomite rock bridge at the slope toe became *** the compression stress in the dolomite bridge increased to surpass its strength,the brittle failure of the bridge *** huge potential energy was released following the disintegration of the landslide,which led to the high acceleration of this rock *** 3d discrete element simulation results suggest that the low intergranular friction contributes to the long run-out movement of this rock landslide.

关键词： Rock landslide Gully erosion Long run-out Wedge block discrete element method

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Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson david Fletcher Edmilson dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher d.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK department of Psychiatry and Nuffield department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,dfa to dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

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